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Article ; Online: Larger brain volumes at term-equivalent age in infants born preterm: an alternative explanation.

Carlson, Susan E

2021 Volume 90, Issue 6, Page(s) 1110–1111

MeSH term(s)	Brain/anatomy & histology ; Case-Control Studies ; Docosahexaenoic Acids/administration & dosage ; Docosahexaenoic Acids/blood ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Organ Size
Chemical Substances	Docosahexaenoic Acids (25167-62-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	4411-8
ISSN	1530-0447 ; 0031-3998
ISSN (online)	1530-0447
ISSN	0031-3998
DOI	10.1038/s41390-021-01746-6
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Article ; Online: Is choline deficiency an unrecognized factor in necrotizing enterocolitis of preterm infants?

Drenckpohl, Douglas C / Christifano, Danielle N / Carlson, Susan E

Pediatric research

2024

Abstract: We undertook this review to determine if it is plausible that choline or phosphatidylcholine (PC) deficiency is a factor in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) after two clinical trials found a dramatic and unexpected reduction in NEC in an experimental ... ...

Abstract	We undertook this review to determine if it is plausible that choline or phosphatidylcholine (PC) deficiency is a factor in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) after two clinical trials found a dramatic and unexpected reduction in NEC in an experimental group provided higher PC compared to a control group. Sources and amounts of choline/PC for preterm infants are compared to the choline status of preterm infants at birth and following conventional nutritional management. The roles of choline/PC in intestinal structure, mucus, mesenteric blood flow, and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory system are summarized. Low choline/PC status is linked to prematurity/immaturity, parenteral and enteral feeding, microbial dysbiosis and hypoxia/ischemia, factors long associated with the risk of developing NEC. We conclude that low choline status exists in preterm infants provided conventional parenteral and enteral nutritional management, and that it is plausible low choline/PC status adversely affects intestinal function to set up the vicious cycle of inflammation, loss of intestinal barrier function and worsening tissue hypoxia that occurs with NEC. In conclusion, this review supports the need for randomized clinical trials to test the hypothesis that additional choline or PC provided parenterally or enterally can reduce the incidence of NEC in preterm infants. IMPACT STATEMENT: Low choline status in preterm infants who are managed by conventional nutrition is plausibly linked to the risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	4411-8
ISSN	1530-0447 ; 0031-3998
ISSN (online)	1530-0447
ISSN	0031-3998
DOI	10.1038/s41390-024-03212-5
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Article ; Online: Racial disparity in efficacy of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation for prevention of preterm birth: secondary analysis from a randomized, double-blind trial.

DeFranco, Emily A / Valentine, Christina J / Carlson, Susan E / Sands, Scott A / Gajewski, Byron J

American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM

2024 Volume 6, Issue 5, Page(s) 101358

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ISSN	2589-9333
ISSN (online)	2589-9333
DOI	10.1016/j.ajogmf.2024.101358
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Article ; Online: DHA and Cognitive Development.

Carlson, Susan E / Colombo, John

The Journal of nutrition

2021 Volume 151, Issue 11, Page(s) 3265–3266

MeSH term(s)	Cognition ; Docosahexaenoic Acids
Chemical Substances	Docosahexaenoic Acids (25167-62-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	218373-0
ISSN	1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
ISSN (online)	1541-6100
ISSN	0022-3166
DOI	10.1093/jn/nxab299
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Article ; Online: A Nutritionist's Perspective on Behavioral Assessment.

Carlson, Susan E

Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series

2018 Volume 89, Page(s) 131–142

Abstract: The perspective shared here is that of a nutritionist who has been collaborating with a behavioral scientist for 20 years. Examples will be related to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, the subject of our collaboration. While it is well accepted ... ...

Abstract	The perspective shared here is that of a nutritionist who has been collaborating with a behavioral scientist for 20 years. Examples will be related to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, the subject of our collaboration. While it is well accepted that nutrition is key to optimal human health and development, nutrition intervention trials in populations and randomized controlled trials of specific nutrients that have measured these outcomes have occurred relatively recently. Studies of nutrition and behavior are even less common - the first appears to have been a protein intervention that began in 1969 in Guatemala that involved developmental follow-up to adulthood. When results of multiple trials are available, findings of individual trials frequently range from no effect to benefit, making it difficult to make decisions about policy and practice. A meta-analysis that combines the results of all randomized trials of a nutrient is considered the highest level of evidence for drug trials. For studies of nutrient supplementation, however, meta-analyses can err on the side of no effect and lead to assumptions that a nutrient is adequate in populations with deficient or marginal status. In studies that assess behavior, collaboration with a behavioral scientist is necessary to determine the behavioral outcome(s) to assess, ensure the proper administration of the outcome, and analyze and interpret the results. The goal of the paper is to offer insight into issues common to all nutrition research, but especially issues unique to studies that assess behavior. As noted, industry, governments, health organizations, journals, as well as scientists have roles to play.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arachidonic Acid/administration & dosage ; Behavior/physiology ; Biomedical Research ; Breast Feeding ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Docosahexaenoic Acids/administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Nutrition Therapy ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Nutritional Requirements ; Nutritional Sciences ; Nutritionists ; Pregnancy ; Quality Control
Chemical Substances	Docosahexaenoic Acids (25167-62-8) ; Arachidonic Acid (27YG812J1I)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	1664-2155
ISSN (online)	1664-2155
DOI	10.1159/000486498
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Article ; Online: Remembering Robert (Bob) Togasaki (1932-2019): A leader in Chlamydomonas genetics and in plant biology, as well as a teacher par excellence.

Carlson, Susan J / Bauer, Carl E / Govindjee, Govindjee

Photosynthesis research

2022 Volume 152, Issue 1, Page(s) 73–86

Abstract: ... Belknap, Susan Carlson, Charlene Forest, Arthur Grossman, Gregory Katzman, Masahiko Kitayama, and Jon ...

Abstract	Robert (Bob) K. Togasaki was devoted to science and the people in the scientific community. He elucidated some of the most fundamental aspects of photosynthesis and carbon metabolism through classic genetic approaches and later using the tools of modern biotechnology. Along the way, he freely shared his ideas and enthusiasm with established scientists, junior researchers, graduate students, and even elementary students. His career trajectory led him to work with some of the leaders in the field, including the late Martin Gibbs and R. Paul Levine. His dedicated research has led to a more complete understanding of some of the core biochemical functions relating to photosynthesis of the green alga Chlamydomonas; this has included carbon-concentrating mechanisms, hydrogenases, and superoxide dismutase to name just a few. The focus of this Tribute is personal reminiscences by his postdoctoral advisor R. Paul Levine; his collaborators Teruo Ogawa, Jean-David Rochaix, Hidehiro Sakurai, Michael Seibert; and by his students William Belknap, Susan Carlson, Charlene Forest, Arthur Grossman, Gregory Katzman, Masahiko Kitayama, and Jon Suzuki. All remember Bob Togasaki for his intellect, dedication to science education, and his unwavering goodwill and optimism towards his fellow human beings.
MeSH term(s)	Biology ; Carbon ; Chlamydomonas/genetics ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Male ; Photosynthesis/genetics
Chemical Substances	Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1475688-2
ISSN	1573-5079 ; 0166-8595
ISSN (online)	1573-5079
ISSN	0166-8595
DOI	10.1007/s11120-021-00893-5
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Article: Remembering Robert (Bob) Togasaki (1932–2019): A leader in Chlamydomonas genetics and in plant biology, as well as a teacher par excellence

Carlson, Susan J. / Bauer, Carl E. / Govindjee, Govindjee

Photosynthesis research. 2022 Apr., v. 152, no. 1

2022

Abstract: ... Belknap, Susan Carlson, Charlene Forest, Arthur Grossman, Gregory Katzman, Masahiko Kitayama, and Jon ...

Abstract	Robert (Bob) K. Togasaki was devoted to science and the people in the scientific community. He elucidated some of the most fundamental aspects of photosynthesis and carbon metabolism through classic genetic approaches and later using the tools of modern biotechnology. Along the way, he freely shared his ideas and enthusiasm with established scientists, junior researchers, graduate students, and even elementary students. His career trajectory led him to work with some of the leaders in the field, including the late Martin Gibbs and R. Paul Levine. His dedicated research has led to a more complete understanding of some of the core biochemical functions relating to photosynthesis of the green alga Chlamydomonas; this has included carbon-concentrating mechanisms, hydrogenases, and superoxide dismutase to name just a few. The focus of this Tribute is personal reminiscences by his postdoctoral advisor R. Paul Levine; his collaborators Teruo Ogawa, Jean-David Rochaix, Hidehiro Sakurai, Michael Seibert; and by his students William Belknap, Susan Carlson, Charlene Forest, Arthur Grossman, Gregory Katzman, Masahiko Kitayama, and Jon Suzuki. All remember Bob Togasaki for his intellect, dedication to science education, and his unwavering goodwill and optimism towards his fellow human beings.
Keywords	Chlamydomonas ; biotechnology ; carbon metabolism ; forests ; genetics ; humans ; photosynthesis ; plant biology ; research ; science education ; superoxide dismutase ; teachers
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Size	p. 73-86.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1475688-2
ISSN	1573-5079 ; 0166-8595
ISSN (online)	1573-5079
ISSN	0166-8595
DOI	10.1007/s11120-021-00893-5
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Prevalence of Complete Streets policies in U.S. municipalities.

Carlson, Susan A / Paul, Prabasaj / Kumar, Gayathri / Watson, Kathleen B / Atherton, Emiko / Fulton, Janet E

Journal of transport & health

2023 Volume 5, Page(s) 142–150

Abstract: Communities can adopt Complete Streets policies to support physical activity through the routine design and operation of streets and communities that are safe for all people, regardless of age, ability, or mode of transport. Our aim was two-fold: (1) to ... ...

Abstract	Communities can adopt Complete Streets policies to support physical activity through the routine design and operation of streets and communities that are safe for all people, regardless of age, ability, or mode of transport. Our aim was two-fold: (1) to estimate the prevalence of Complete Streets policies in the United States overall and by select municipality characteristics using data from the National Survey of Community-Based Policy and Environmental Supports for Healthy Eating and Active Living (CBS HEAL) and (2) examine the agreement between information about local policies reported in CBS HEAL with those found in the National Complete Streets Coalition's database. Data from a representative sample of incorporated U.S. municipalities with a population of at least 1000 people (n = 2029) were analyzed using survey weights to create national estimates. In 2014, 25.2% of municipalities had a Complete Streets policy reported by a local official. Prevalence of local policies decreased with decreasing population size and was lower among those with a lower median education level and those in the South, with and without adjustment for other municipality characteristics. Agreement between local Complete Streets policies reported in CBS HEAL and the coalition's database was moderate with 72.5% agreement (kappa = 0.21); however, agreement was lower for municipalities with smaller populations, those located in rural areas, and those with a lower median education level. About 16.8% of local officials reported they did not know if their municipality had such a policy. There is room for improvement in the awareness and adoption of Complete Streets policies in the United States, especially among smaller municipalities and those with lower median education levels. Helping communities address issues related to the awareness, adoption, and implementation of Complete Streets policies can be an important step toward creating more walkable communities.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2214-1405
ISSN	2214-1405
DOI	10.1016/j.jth.2016.11.003
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Article ; Online: Treatment of functional bowel disorders in an integrative medicine clinic resulting in improved digestive tract symptoms.

Wagner, Leigh E / Bridges, Kristina M / Hinman, Jill M / He, Jianghua / Buckles, Daniel / Dunn, Winnie / Drisko, Jeanne / Sullivan, Debra K / Carlson, Susan E

JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology

2024 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) e13022

Abstract: Background and aim: Functional bowel disorders (FBDs), including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and others, are conditions without a physically identifiable etiology that, as a result, are difficult to treat. Alternatives to traditional medical ... ...

Abstract	Background and aim: Functional bowel disorders (FBDs), including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and others, are conditions without a physically identifiable etiology that, as a result, are difficult to treat. Alternatives to traditional medical interventions are needed because IBS patients require more of physician time and higher healthcare spending. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of alternative lifestyle interventions for patients with FBDs seen in an integrative medicine (IM) clinic at an academic medical center. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review to determine whether patients with FBDs had improvement in symptoms following predominantly nutrition-based IM interventions that included recommendations for dietary supplements and elimination diets. We measured symptoms before and after intervention (average time between measurements 8.75 months) using a medical symptoms questionnaire (MSQ) commonly used to quantify symptom change in IM clinics. Results: Digestive tract symptoms, as measured by the MSQ, improved significantly in patients ( Conclusions: Patients in an IM clinic had improved digestive tract symptoms scores following IM intervention. Because nutrition-based interventions were the primary intervention recommended by IM providers, primary care physicians and gastroenterologists may wish to consider referring FBD patients to registered dietitian-nutritionists (RDNs) skilled in implementing elimination diets.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-19
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2397-9070
ISSN (online)	2397-9070
DOI	10.1002/jgh3.13022
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Article ; Online: Critical and Sensitive Periods in Development and Nutrition.

Colombo, John / Gustafson, Kathleen M / Carlson, Susan E

Annals of nutrition & metabolism

2020 Volume 75 Suppl 1, Page(s) 34–42

Abstract: Critical or sensitive periods in the life of an organism during which certain experiences or conditions may exert disproportionate influence (either for harm or benefit) on long-term developmental outcomes have been the subject of investigation for over ... ...

Abstract	Critical or sensitive periods in the life of an organism during which certain experiences or conditions may exert disproportionate influence (either for harm or benefit) on long-term developmental outcomes have been the subject of investigation for over a century. This chapter reviews research in the context of the development of social preferences and sensory systems, with a summary of the criteria for defining such a period and the evidence necessary to establish its existence. The notion of nutritional programming, central to the Barker/Developmental Origins hypotheses of health and disease, represents a variant of the critical/sensitive period concept. It is implicit in these hypotheses that the fetal period is a time during which metabolic and physiological systems are malleable and thus susceptible to either insult or enhancement by nutrient intake. Evidence for critical/sensitive periods or nutritional programming requires a systematic manipulation of the age at which nutritional conditions or supplements are implemented. While common in research using animal models, the approach is difficult to establish in epidemiological studies and virtually nonexistent in human clinical trials. Future work seeking to establish definitive evidence for critical/sensitive periods or programming may be advanced by harmonized outcome measures in experimental trials across which the timing, duration, and dose of nutrients is varied.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	392341-1
ISSN	1421-9697 ; 0250-6807 ; 1018-9688
ISSN (online)	1421-9697
ISSN	0250-6807 ; 1018-9688
DOI	10.1159/000508053
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