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Article ; Online: Does COVID-19 cause permanent damage to olfactory and gustatory function?

Paolo, Gamba

2020 Volume 143, Page(s) 110086

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the status of COVID-19 patients with sudden anosmia and dysgeusia using an olfactory dysfunction questionnaire highlighting recovery times. This prospective study included 75 patients who completed a patient- ...

Abstract	The objective of this study was to investigate the status of COVID-19 patients with sudden anosmia and dysgeusia using an olfactory dysfunction questionnaire highlighting recovery times. This prospective study included 75 patients who completed a patient-reported outcome questionnaire. Among these, 46 patients completed an olfactory evaluation based on the duration of anosmia and dysgeusia. The olfactory evaluation revealed that 24% (N = 18) of patients had mild hyposmia, 13% (N = 10) had moderate hyposmia, 30% (N = 23) had severe hyposmia, 32% (N = 24) had anosmia, and 100% had dysgeusia (N = 75). The viral load significantly decreased throughout the 17 days following the onset of the olfactory disorder. The purpose of this study was to understand whether patients with COVID-19 can recover olfactory and gustatory function, in contrast to patients with other rhinoviruses and inflammatory diseases such as rhinosinusitis chronic and rhinosinusitis with polyps. These preliminary clinical findings indicate that the relatively rapid recovery of olfactory and gustative function can mean a resolution of viral infection in most patients. The present study suggests that coronavirus can induce olfactory dysfunction but not permanent damage. Olfactory and gustatory functional impairment has been recognized as a hallmark of COVID-19 and may be an important predictor of clinical outcome. Our study supports the need to add anosmia and dysgeusia to the list of symptoms used in screening tools for possible COVID-19 infection.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology ; Dysgeusia/virology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Olfaction Disorders/virology ; Pandemics ; Patient Reported Outcome Measures ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology ; Prospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Taste ; Viral Load
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	193145-3
ISSN	1532-2777 ; 0306-9877
ISSN (online)	1532-2777
ISSN	0306-9877
DOI	10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110086
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Article ; Online: Does COVID-19 cause permanent damage to olfactory and gustatory function?

Paolo, Gamba

Medical Hypotheses

2020 Volume 143, Page(s) 110086

Keywords	General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	193145-3
ISSN	1532-2777 ; 0306-9877
ISSN (online)	1532-2777
ISSN	0306-9877
DOI	10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110086
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Article ; Online: L’olfatto e il gusto nei pazienti CoViD-19: il senso dimenticatoTempi di recupero della funzionalità olfattoria e gustativa nei pazienti CoViD-19.

Gamba, Paolo / Zaniboni, Alberto

Recenti progressi in medicina

2020 Volume 111, Issue 10, Page(s) 614–618

Abstract: Aim: The aim of the retrospective study is to determine whether CoViD-19 positive patients with olfactory and gustatory dysfunction have the ability to recover chemoreceptorial loss, unlike other viral and inflammatory diseases in which the damage is ... ...

Title translation	Smell and taste in CoViD-19 patients: the forgotten sense.
Abstract	Aim: The aim of the retrospective study is to determine whether CoViD-19 positive patients with olfactory and gustatory dysfunction have the ability to recover chemoreceptorial loss, unlike other viral and inflammatory diseases in which the damage is partial and in some cases is permanent. Materials and methods: The study examined 75 patients admitted, from March to April 2020, at the Poliambulanza Foundation with CoViD-19. In 53 out of 75 patients, chest X-rays were positive for infiltration and/or pleural effusion. Two weeks after discharge, two rhinopharyngeal swabs were performed with negative results for CoViD-19. Enlisted patients responded to a questionnaire, upon informed consent, called the Questionnaire for Olfactory Dysfunction (QOD) which evaluates the severity of the disorder and social impact. In the second phase of the study we carefully researched the recovery times of olfactory dysfunction and dysgeusia. Results and conclusions: The analysis of the scores of the Olfactory Dysfunction Questionnaire CoViD-19 (QOD) recorded the total recovery in all patients of olfactory and gustatory function with an average time of 17.4 days. This study reveals that Coronavirus does not cause a permanent olfactory and gustatory loss. The olfactory and gustatory impairment has been recognized as a distinctive sign of CoViD-19, but should not be considered as a favorable prognostic index.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Dysgeusia/epidemiology ; Dysgeusia/virology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Olfaction Disorders/epidemiology ; Olfaction Disorders/virology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Recovery of Function ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Time Factors
Keywords	covid19
Language	Italian
Publishing date	2020-10-19
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	138266-4
ISSN	2038-1840 ; 0034-1193
ISSN (online)	2038-1840
ISSN	0034-1193
DOI	10.1701/3453.34422
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Book ; Online: A Hybrid MLP-Quantum approach in Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) prediction

Mauro, Francesco / Sebastianelli, Alessandro / Saux, Bertrand Le / Gamba, Paolo / Ullo, Silvia Liberata

2024

Abstract: This paper explores an innovative fusion of Quantum Computing (QC) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) through the development of a Hybrid Quantum Graph Convolutional Neural Network (HQGCNN), combining a Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCNN) with a ... ...

Abstract	This paper explores an innovative fusion of Quantum Computing (QC) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) through the development of a Hybrid Quantum Graph Convolutional Neural Network (HQGCNN), combining a Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCNN) with a Quantum Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). The study highlights the potentialities of GCNNs in handling global-scale dependencies and proposes the HQGCNN for predicting complex phenomena such as the Oceanic Nino Index (ONI). Preliminary results suggest the model potential to surpass state-of-the-art (SOTA). The code will be made available with the paper publication.
Keywords	Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Publishing date	2024-01-29
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Does COVID-19 cause permanent damage to olfactory and gustatory function?

Paolo, Gamba

Med Hypotheses

Abstract	The objective of this study was to investigate the status of COVID-19 patients with sudden anosmia and dysgeusia using an olfactory dysfunction questionnaire highlighting recovery times. This prospective study included 75 patients who completed a patient-reported outcome questionnaire. Among these, 46 patients completed an olfactory evaluation based on the duration of anosmia and dysgeusia. The olfactory evaluation revealed that 24% (Nâ¯=â¯18) of patients had mild hyposmia, 13% (Nâ¯=â¯10) had moderate hyposmia, 30% (Nâ¯=â¯23) had severe hyposmia, 32% (Nâ¯=â¯24) had anosmia, and 100% had dysgeusia (Nâ¯=â¯75). The viral load significantly decreased throughout the 17â¯days following the onset of the olfactory disorder. The purpose of this study was to understand whether patients with COVID-19 can recover olfactory and gustatory function, in contrast to patients with other rhinoviruses and inflammatory diseases such as rhinosinusitis chronic and rhinosinusitis with polyps. These preliminary clinical findings indicate that the relatively rapid recovery of olfactory and gustative function can mean a resolution of viral infection in most patients. The present study suggests that coronavirus can induce olfactory dysfunction but not permanent damage. Olfactory and gustatory functional impairment has been recognized as a hallmark of COVID-19 and may be an important predictor of clinical outcome. Our study supports the need to add anosmia and dysgeusia to the list of symptoms used in screening tools for possible COVID-19 infection.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #642497
Database	COVID19

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Book ; Online: Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data for water bodies mapping

Russo, Luigi / Mauro, Francesco / Memar, Babak / Sebastianelli, Alessandro / Gamba, Paolo / Ullo, Silvia Liberata

2024

Abstract: Climate change is intensifying extreme weather events, causing both water scarcity and severe rainfall unpredictability, and posing threats to sustainable development, biodiversity, and access to water and sanitation. This paper aims to provide valuable ... ...

Abstract	Climate change is intensifying extreme weather events, causing both water scarcity and severe rainfall unpredictability, and posing threats to sustainable development, biodiversity, and access to water and sanitation. This paper aims to provide valuable insights for comprehensive water resource monitoring under diverse meteorological conditions. An extension of the SEN2DWATER dataset is proposed to enhance its capabilities for water basin segmentation. Through the integration of temporally and spatially aligned radar information from Sentinel-1 data with the existing multispectral Sentinel-2 data, a novel multisource and multitemporal dataset is generated. Benchmarking the enhanced dataset involves the application of indices such as the Soil Water Index (SWI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), along with an unsupervised Machine Learning (ML) classifier (k-means clustering). Promising results are obtained and potential future developments and applications arising from this research are also explored.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Subject code	333
Publishing date	2024-01-05
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The Navigation Ability Test (NAT 2.0): From Football Player Performance to Balance Rehabilitation in Chronic Unilateral Vestibular Loss.

Gamba, Paolo / Guidetti, Riccardo / Balzanelli, Cristiano / Bavazzano, Maurizio / Laborai, Andrea

Audiology research

2022 Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) 249–259

Abstract: Aim of the study: in humans, spatial orientation consists of the ability to move around the environment through memorized and pre-programmed movements, according to the afferent sensory information of the body and environmental analysis of the Central ... ...

Abstract	Aim of the study: in humans, spatial orientation consists of the ability to move around the environment through memorized and pre-programmed movements, according to the afferent sensory information of the body and environmental analysis of the Central Nervous System (CNS). The purpose of this study is to analyze the abilities of professional athletes, such as footballers, to use mental navigation systems, cognitive maps, and memorized motor patterns in order to obtain better physical performance and to obtain useful information for training both non-sports subjects and vestibular patients for rehabilitation purposes. Materials and methods: all the motor performances of sportsmen, healthy non-sporting subjects, or vestibular patients are based on the acquisition of visual-spatial and training information. In this study, we analyzed the visual-spatial performance of 60 trained sportsmen (professional footballers), 60 healthy non-sports subjects, and 48 patients affected by chronic unilateral vestibular loss by means of the Navigation Ability Test 2.0. A score based on the number of targets correctly reached in the various tests quantifies the degree of performance of the subjects. Results: NAT 2.0 scores progressively improve from vestibular subjects to healthy non-sporting subjects to footballers. NAT 2.0 scores improve in all three subject groups as the number of tasks performed in all patient groups increases, regardless of gender and age. Conclusions: the analysis of performance data through NAT 2.0 in athletes (footballers) opens new perspectives for rehabilitation purposes, regardless of age, sex, and training conditions, both in healthy non-sporting subjects to improve their sporting potential and in patients affected by chronic vestibular dysfunction, in order to optimize their motor skills and prevent falls.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2039-4330
ISSN	2039-4330
DOI	10.3390/audiolres12030026
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Article: Exploring the hidden riches: Recent remarkable faunistic records and range extensions in the bee fauna of Italy (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila).

Cornalba, Maurizio / Quaranta, Marino / Selis, Marco / Flaminio, Simone / Gamba, Sirio / Mei, Maurizio / Bonifacino, Marco / Cappellari, Andree / Catania, Roberto / Niolu, Pietro / Tempesti, Stefano / Biella, Paolo

Biodiversity data journal

2024 Volume 12, Page(s) e116014

Abstract: Background: The area sourrounding the Mediterranean basin is recognised as a major biodiversity hotspot for bees, and Italy is amongst the European countries with the highest bee species richness. Detailed knowledge of bee distribution is crucial for ... ...

Abstract	Background: The area sourrounding the Mediterranean basin is recognised as a major biodiversity hotspot for bees, and Italy is amongst the European countries with the highest bee species richness. Detailed knowledge of bee distribution is crucial for understanding bee biology and designing tailored conservation strategies, but is still insufficient in southern European countries, especially in Italy. New information: We report recent finds of 48 bee species that yield significant novelties for the Italian bee fauna. Eight species, namely
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-16
Publishing country	Bulgaria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2736709-5
ISSN	1314-2828
ISSN	1314-2828
DOI	10.3897/BDJ.12.e116014
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Article ; Online: Advancing SAR monitoring of urban impervious surface with a new polarimetric scattering mixture analysis approach

Jing Ling / Shan Wei / Paolo Gamba / Rui Liu / Hongsheng Zhang

International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation, Vol 124, Iss , Pp 103541- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Accurate monitoring of urban impervious surfaces (UIS) changes is crucial in understanding the anthropogenic activities of urbanization and its environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Over the past two decades, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ... ...

Abstract	Accurate monitoring of urban impervious surfaces (UIS) changes is crucial in understanding the anthropogenic activities of urbanization and its environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Over the past two decades, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has posed huge potential for urban monitoring with its all-weather and all-day imaging capability over rainy and cloudy regions around the world. Unfortunately, some critical challenges associated with UIS identification from data have been identified due to the high diversity of UIS and the different SAR imaging mechanisms from optical remote sensing. To address the challenges, this study proposed a new method of polarimetric scattering mixture analysis (PSMA) by modeling the diverse scattering mechanisms of various UIS categories. C- and L-band full-polarization SAR data in four typical urban areas from central, eastern, and southern China, were employed to evaluate the performance of the method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an overall accuracy (OA) exceeding 96 % across all study cases. Compared with traditional methods, PSMA significantly reduces land cover confusion and enhances the producer's (PA) and user's accuracy (UA) for UIS, particularly for “road”, by up to 13.4 % and 9.5 %, respectively. Non-impervious surfaces such as “soil” and “vegetation” witness a notable increase in PA and UA by up to 10 % and 20.5 %, respectively. These promising results underscore the effectiveness of the proposed method for accurate urban monitoring and understanding land cover scattering confusion over complex urban environments.
Keywords	Urban impervious surface ; Synthetic aperture radar ; Scattering mixture ; Physical geography ; GB3-5030 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	710
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: R&D and market size: Who benefits from orphan drug legislation?

Gamba, Simona / Magazzini, Laura / Pertile, Paolo

Journal of health economics

2021 Volume 80, Page(s) 102522

Abstract: Since the early 80s, incentives have been introduced to stimulate R&D for rare diseases. We develop a theoretical model to study the impact of push and pull incentives on the intensive and extensive margin of optimal R&D investments. The model describes ... ...

Abstract	Since the early 80s, incentives have been introduced to stimulate R&D for rare diseases. We develop a theoretical model to study the impact of push and pull incentives on the intensive and extensive margin of optimal R&D investments. The model describes the mechanisms by which the type of incentives provided may favor R&D for orphan diseases with comparatively high prevalence. In our empirical analysis, we merge data on orphan drug designations by the Food and Drug Administration with Orphanet data on disease characteristics. In line with the theoretical results, we find evidence supporting the idea that the incentives adopted may have contributed substantially to widening the gap between more and less rare diseases classified as orphan. Our theoretical and empirical findings together suggest that, if providing some therapeutic option to patients with very rare diseases is a priority, a revision of the current system of incentives should be considered.
MeSH term(s)	Drug Approval ; Drug Industry ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug ; Motivation ; Orphan Drug Production ; Rare Diseases/drug therapy ; Rare Diseases/epidemiology ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	625797-5
ISSN	1879-1646 ; 0167-6296
ISSN (online)	1879-1646
ISSN	0167-6296
DOI	10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102522
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