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Article: Does Fecal-Oral Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Due to Low Sanitation Conditions Contribute to Low Mortality Rates From COVID-19.

Rothschild, Nathan

2021 Volume 13, Issue 10, Page(s) e18557

Abstract: Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic generated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The primary infection site is mucosal surfaces, mainly the lungs and the intestine, where ... ...

Abstract	Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic generated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The primary infection site is mucosal surfaces, mainly the lungs and the intestine, where epithelial cells can be infected. COVID-19 has spread throughout the world, causing millions of deaths and hundreds of millions of confirmed infections. Despite the global spread of SARS-CoV-2, there are extreme differences between countries in mortality rates and confirmed infections. Methods: Pearson correlations and a t-test were performed on data from 137 countries in order to test the correlation between number of deaths from diarrheal diseases (pre-COVID-19 pandemic data) as a marker for countries' sanitation level, and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths per million. Results: It was found that countries' prevalence of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths per million are statistically correlated with their sanitation level. Conclusions: The hypothesis proposed in this article is that the low mortality rates from COVID-19 in countries where the level of sanitation is low are due to fecal-oral infection of the population by SARS-CoV-2, rather than infection of the respiratory system. This hypothesis is supported by the protective effect of the low sanitation level presented in this work and the fact that lung infection by SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe pathology, while infection in the intestine generally causes minor or no symptoms.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.18557
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Association between intracranial vessel calcifications, structural brain damage, and cognitive impairment after minor strokes: a prospective study.

Seyman, Estelle Emanuelle / Sadeh-Gonik, Udi / Berman, Phillip / Blum, Itay / Shendler, Genady / Nathan, Bornstein / Rothschild, Ofer / Molad, Jeremy / Ben Assayag, Einor / Hallevi, Hen

Frontiers in neurology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1218077

Abstract: Background: Vascular calcifications are a hallmark of atherosclerosis, and in the coronary arteries are routinely used as a prognostic marker. Calcifications of intracranial vessels (ICC) are frequently observed on non-contrast CT (NCCT) and their ... ...

Abstract	Background: Vascular calcifications are a hallmark of atherosclerosis, and in the coronary arteries are routinely used as a prognostic marker. Calcifications of intracranial vessels (ICC) are frequently observed on non-contrast CT (NCCT) and their effect on post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains unclear. Our aim was to explore the association of ICC with prospective long-term cognitive function and advanced MRI-measures in a large prospective cohort of cognitively intact mild stroke survivors. Methods: Data from the Tel-Aviv brain acute stroke cohort (TABASCO) study [ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT01926691] were analyzed. This prospective cohort study ( Results: Data were available for 531 participants (67.4 years, 59.5% males). The incidence of PSCI at two-years doubled in the high ICCS group (26% vs. 13.7%, Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the ICCS, which is a simple and readily available imaging marker on NCCT, is associated with brain atrophy, microstructural damage, the extent of SVD, and may predict PSCI. This finding has implications for identifying individuals at risk for PSCI and implementing targeted interventions to mitigate this risk.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564214-5
ISSN	1664-2295
ISSN	1664-2295
DOI	10.3389/fneur.2023.1218077
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Book ; Online: Biographische Notizen über Nathan Meyer Rothschild

Treskow, Albert von v / Rothschild, Nathan Meyer

nebst seinem Testament nach englischen Quellen

1837

Author's details	von A.v. Treskow
Language	German
Size	Online-Ressource
Publisher	G. Basse
Publishing place	Quedlinburg
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	Film reproduction of the original in the British Museum ; Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 30271.4 ; OCLC, 17785895 ; Reproduction of original from Kress Library of Business and Economics, Harvard University
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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Article ; Online: Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery: Comparison of iStent with iStent inject in primary open angle glaucoma.

Hooshmand, Joobin / Rothschild, Philip / Allen, Penny / Kerr, Nathan M / Vote, Brendan J / Toh, Tze'Yo

Clinical & experimental ophthalmology

2019 Volume 47, Issue 7, Page(s) 898–903

Abstract: Importance: Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery has gained significant traction in recent years. This study evaluates the first- and second-generation trabecular micro-bypass stents "iStent" and "iStent inject".: Background: To evaluate and compare ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery has gained significant traction in recent years. This study evaluates the first- and second-generation trabecular micro-bypass stents "iStent" and "iStent inject". Background: To evaluate and compare the effect of a single iStent and double iStent inject in primary open angle glaucoma. Design: Prospective comparative case series. Participants: Primary open angle glaucoma patients undergoing trabecular micro-bypass stent insertion combined with cataract surgery. Methods: Baseline demographic information, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes including intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, reliance on glaucoma medication and complications were collected and analysed. Main outcome measures: Primary, secondary and tertiary outcome measures were consecutively defined as an IOP of ≤18 mmHg with zero medications, an IOP of ≤18 mmHg with reduced medications or a 20% reduction in IOP with or without medication. Results: The study comprised 145 eyes in the iStent and 100 eyes in the iStent inject group. At 12 months, 56.0% of the iStent and 51.3% of the iStent inject eyes had achieved primary success and 63.1% and 57.7% secondary success. The mean postoperative IOP was 16.6 mmHg in iStent and 16.9 mmHg in iStent inject. Survival analysis demonstrated a greater incidence of failure in the iStent inject beyond 5 months. Conclusions and relevance: Both trabecular micro-bypass stents in this study were effective in reducing IOP and the burden of medication when combined with cataract surgery. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups across our outcome measures although the iStent inject required earlier recommencement of medications for optimal IOP control.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Female ; Glaucoma Drainage Implants ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure/physiology ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Phacoemulsification ; Prospective Studies ; Prosthesis Implantation ; Stents ; Tonometry, Ocular ; Visual Acuity/physiology
Chemical Substances	Antihypertensive Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-16
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2014008-3
ISSN	1442-9071 ; 1442-6404
ISSN (online)	1442-9071
ISSN	1442-6404
DOI	10.1111/ceo.13526
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Article ; Online: Pacemaker-induced tricuspid regurgitation is uncommon immediately post-implantation.

Rothschild, Daniel P / Goldstein, James A / Kerner, Nathan / Abbas, Amr E / Patel, Meet / Wong, Wai Shun

Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing

2017 Volume 49, Issue 3, Page(s) 281–287

Abstract: Background: Prior studies report permanent pacemaker (PPM)-induced tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in up to one third of cases late post-implantation. We sought to assess the extent of immediate PPM-induced TR.: Methods: Forty patients undergoing PPM ... ...

Abstract	Background: Prior studies report permanent pacemaker (PPM)-induced tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in up to one third of cases late post-implantation. We sought to assess the extent of immediate PPM-induced TR. Methods: Forty patients undergoing PPM implant were prospectively enrolled. Patients with pre-existing moderate or severe TR or an RVSP >50 mmHg were excluded. Pre- and immediate post-implantation transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) analyzed TR grade according to established methods. 3D TTE was utilized to determine lead position in relation to tricuspid leaflets as well as lead mobility across the TV. Results: Of 40 patients, four were excluded due to baseline moderate TR (n = 3) or RVSP >50 mmHg (n = 1). In the remaining cohort (n = 36), immediate post-implantation TTE showed no increase in TR grade in 30 patients (83%), whereas a one-grade increase from no/trace to mild occurred in six (17%) others. In no patient did immediate moderate or severe TR develop. Exclusive RV pacing was present in 47% of the patients; however, only two of the six patients with increased TR were paced. 3D TTE identified lead position in 92% of the cases-more than 50% of the cases showed RV lead distribution in the middle or post eroseptal commissure of the TV. Lead immobility was seen in only three of the six patients with increased TR. Conclusions: These findings show that significant PPM-induced TR is uncommon immediately post-implantation and, when it occurs, causes no greater than mild TR. RV pacing and lead mobility do not correlate with worsening of TR. 3D TTE is highly reliable at identifying lead position.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1329179-8
ISSN	1572-8595 ; 1383-875X
ISSN (online)	1572-8595
ISSN	1383-875X
DOI	10.1007/s10840-017-0266-2
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Article ; Online: A simple radiological method for recognizing osteoporotic thoracic vertebral compression fractures and distinguishing them from Scheuermann disease.

Masharawi, Youssef / Rothschild, Bruce / Peled, Nathan / Hershkovitz, Israel

Spine

2009 Volume 34, Issue 18, Page(s) 1995–1999

Abstract: Study design: Blinded.: Objective: Examination of a new radiologic interpretation technique for distinguishing osteoporotic fractures from Scheuermann disease. STUDY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are a major clinical problem. A ...

Abstract	Study design: Blinded. Objective: Examination of a new radiologic interpretation technique for distinguishing osteoporotic fractures from Scheuermann disease. STUDY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are a major clinical problem. A variety of empirically-derived standards have been suggested for their recognition, but the accepted limits for normal variation have been somewhat arbitrary. This report presents and examines a new radiologic technique for distinguishing osteoporotic thoracic vertebral fractures from Scheuermann disease. Methods: Vertebral body height measurements (anterior, middle, and posterior) of thoracic vertebrae T6-T10 in 44 individuals with osteoporotic fractures, 28 individuals with Scheuermann disease and a control group of 120 individuals with unaffected vertebrae, were taken from lateral chest radiographs and measured by a digital caliper. For each vertebra, 4 indexes were calculated: 3 primary derivatives; anterior height/posterior height; anterior height/mid height (A/M); mid height/posterior height (M/P); and a secondary derivate index (A/M)/(M/P). Qualitative analysis was subsequently carried out, using lateral spine radiographs of individuals with osteoporotic vertebral fractures and individuals with Scheuermann disease. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance, paired t tests and t tests. Results: The second derivative (A/M)/(M/P) indexes of thoracic vertebrae T6-T10 were significantly greater in the osteoporosis group than in the control and Scheuermann groups (P < 0.05). Contrary to the control and Scheuermann groups, the M/P indexes (T6-T10) were significantly smaller than the A/M indexes in the osteoporosis group. The anterior height/posterior height indexes (T6-T10) in all 3 groups were statistically indistinguishable. Qualitative analysis showed that the intersection of an anterior-midpoint line and a posterior-midpoint line drawn on the superior vertebral body surface (T6-T10) created an "angle of depression" in the osteoporosis group whereas an "angle of elevation" was identified in the Scheuermann group. Conclusion: Second derivative indexes of vertebral body height parameters allow identification of vertebrae with osteoporotic compression fractures and their distinction from vertebrae with Scheuermann disease.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fractures, Compression/diagnosis ; Fractures, Compression/etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/complications ; Radiography/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Scheuermann Disease/diagnosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spinal Fractures/diagnosis ; Spinal Fractures/etiology ; Thoracic Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-08-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	752024-4
ISSN	1528-1159 ; 0362-2436
ISSN (online)	1528-1159
ISSN	0362-2436
DOI	10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b0b789
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Article ; Online: Metabolic features of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: mechanisms and clinical implications.

Pinthus, Jehonathan H / Whelan, Kaitlyn F / Gallino, Daniel / Lu, Jian-Ping / Rothschild, Nathan

Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada

2012 Volume 5, Issue 4, Page(s) 274–282

Abstract: Central to the malignant behaviour that endows cancer cells with growth advantage is their unique metabolism. Cancer cells can process nutrient molecules differently from normal cells and use it to overcome stress imposed on them by various therapies. ... ...

Abstract	Central to the malignant behaviour that endows cancer cells with growth advantage is their unique metabolism. Cancer cells can process nutrient molecules differently from normal cells and use it to overcome stress imposed on them by various therapies. This metabolic conversion is controlled by specific genetic mutations that are associated with activation of oncogenes and loss of tumour suppressor proteins. Understanding these processes is important as it can lead to the discovery of biomarkers that can predict the aggressiveness of the disease and its response to therapy, and even more importantly, to the development of novel therapeutics. A classic tumour in this respect is clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this review, we will begin with a brief summary of normal cellular bioenergetic pathways, which will be followed by a description of the characteristic metabolism of glucose and lipids in clear-cell RCC cells and its clinical implications. Data relating to the potential effect of dietary nutrients on RCC will also be reviewed along with potential therapies targeted at interrupting specific metabolic pathways in clear-cell RCC.
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-05-11
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1920-1214
ISSN (online)	1920-1214
DOI	10.5489/cuaj.10196
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Article ; Online: Comparing modelled with self-reported travel time and the used versus the nearest facility

Irene Kyomuhangi / Wei Yang / Claire Rothschild / Bo Hu / Jennifer Anyanti / Peter M Macharia / Ekerette Emmanuel Udoh / Hoda Elmasry / Kevin Duff / Ashley Jackson / Paul Bouanchaud / Eden G Demise / Doreen Nakimuli / Justin Archer / Kimberly Ashburn / Henry Bakira / Peter Buyungo / Caitlin Clary / Mark Conlon /

BMJ Global Health, Vol 7, Iss

modelling geographic accessibility to family planning outlets in Kenya

2022 Volume 5

Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Sacroiliac joint bridging: demographical and anatomical aspects.

Dar, Gali / Peleg, Smadar / Masharawi, Youssef / Steinberg, Nili / Rothschild, Bruce M / Peled, Nathan / Hershkovitz, Israel

Spine

2005 Volume 30, Issue 15, Page(s) E429–32

Abstract: Study design: A descriptive study of the association between sacroiliac joint bridging (SIB) and age, gender, laterality, and ethnic origin in a normal skeletal population. The effectiveness of radiographs in identifying SIB was also evaluated.: ... ...

Abstract	Study design: A descriptive study of the association between sacroiliac joint bridging (SIB) and age, gender, laterality, and ethnic origin in a normal skeletal population. The effectiveness of radiographs in identifying SIB was also evaluated. Objectives: To characterize the phenomenon of SIB demographically and anatomically and to evaluate the validity of diagnosis based on roentgenograms. Summary and background data: Although SIB is an important diagnostic parameter in many spinal diseases, the type of association between them has never been established. Furthermore, the extent of SIB in humans and its relationship to demographic parameters await osteological research as radiograph studies hamper the results. Methods: Two thousand eight hundred and forty-five skeleton pelves were examined for SIB. Extent and laterality were recorded. Ten pelves (5 with SIB and 5 without) were X-rayed and the roentgenograms given to radiologists for evaluation. Results: Sacroiliac bridging was present in 12.27% of all males, contrasted with only 1.83% of females (P < 0.001). SIB was independent of ethnic origin (P = 0.0535) but was age-dependent (r = 0.985; P = 0.0001). Bridging was present bilaterally in 38.6% of the individuals and in the superior region in 72.4%. Diffuse bridging (areas 1-6) was present in only 2.3% of the individuals. Radiologic examination was insensitive to diagnosis of SIB. Conclusions: SIB is a common, but predominantly male phenomenon. Its occurrence is age-dependent and ethnicity independent. Bridging occurs mainly on the superior aspect of the sacroiliac joint. The irregular shape and orientation of sacroiliac joints preclude definitely distinguishing normal versus bridged joints from roentgenograms. Our findings also negate the belief that bridging/fusion of the sacroiliac joint represents the most severe form of osteoarthritis and mandate that they be separately recorded and that their significance be determined.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Child ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Sacroiliac Joint/anatomy & histology ; Sacroiliac Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Sex Characteristics
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-05-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	752024-4
ISSN	1528-1159 ; 0362-2436
ISSN (online)	1528-1159
ISSN	0362-2436
DOI	10.1097/01.brs.0000172232.32082.e0
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Book: Forrest, Rock and Kingdon Ward rhododendrons in cultivation in Great Britain and Ireland

Rothschild, Lionel Nathan de

1930

Keywords	plants ; plant cultural practices ; horticulture ; horticultural crops ; crop production
Language	English
Size	100 p.
Document type	Book
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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