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Article: Identification of supraoptimal temperatures in juvenile blueback herring (

Guo, Lian W / Jordaan, Adrian / Schultz, Eric T / McCormick, Stephen D

2022 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) coac022

Abstract: For young fishes, growth of somatic tissues and energy reserves are critical steps for survival and progressing to subsequent life stages. When thermal regimes become supraoptimal, routine metabolic rates increase and leave less energy for young fish to ... ...

Abstract	For young fishes, growth of somatic tissues and energy reserves are critical steps for survival and progressing to subsequent life stages. When thermal regimes become supraoptimal, routine metabolic rates increase and leave less energy for young fish to maintain fitness-based activities and, in the case of anadromous fishes, less energy to prepare for emigration to coastal habitats. Thus, understanding how energy allocation strategies are affected by thermal regimes in young anadromous fish will help to inform climate-ready management of vulnerable species and their habitat. Blueback herring (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2721508-8
ISSN	2051-1434
ISSN	2051-1434
DOI	10.1093/conphys/coac022
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Article ; Online: Repeated Genetic Targets of Natural Selection Underlying Adaptation of Fishes to Changing Salinity.

Velotta, Jonathan P / McCormick, Stephen D / Whitehead, Andrew / Durso, Catherine S / Schultz, Eric T

Integrative and comparative biology

2022 Volume 62, Issue 2, Page(s) 357–375

Abstract: Ecological transitions across salinity boundaries have led to some of the most important diversification events in the animal kingdom, especially among fishes. Adaptations accompanying such transitions include changes in morphology, diet, whole-organism ... ...

Abstract	Ecological transitions across salinity boundaries have led to some of the most important diversification events in the animal kingdom, especially among fishes. Adaptations accompanying such transitions include changes in morphology, diet, whole-organism performance, and osmoregulatory function, which may be particularly prominent since divergent salinity regimes make opposing demands on systems that maintain ion and water balance. Research in the last decade has focused on the genetic targets underlying such adaptations, most notably by comparing populations of species that are distributed across salinity boundaries. Here, we synthesize research on the targets of natural selection using whole-genome approaches, with a particular emphasis on the osmoregulatory system. Given the complex, integrated and polygenic nature of this system, we expected that signatures of natural selection would span numerous genes across functional levels of osmoregulation, especially salinity sensing, hormonal control, and cellular ion exchange mechanisms. We find support for this prediction: genes coding for V-type, Ca2+, and Na+/K+-ATPases, which are key cellular ion exchange enzymes, are especially common targets of selection in species from six orders of fishes. This indicates that while polygenic selection contributes to adaptation across salinity boundaries, changes in ATPase enzymes may be of particular importance in supporting such transitions.
MeSH term(s)	Acclimatization/physiology ; Animals ; Fishes/physiology ; Gills ; Osmoregulation/genetics ; Salinity ; Selection, Genetic ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/genetics ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase (EC 7.2.2.13)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2159110-6
ISSN	1557-7023 ; 1540-7063
ISSN (online)	1557-7023
ISSN	1540-7063
DOI	10.1093/icb/icac072
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Article ; Online: Acute cannabidiol treatment enhances social interaction in adult male mice.

Ferreira, Livia F / Pathapati, Nikhita / Schultz, Stephen T / Nunn, Mary C / Pierce, Bethany L / Sanchez, Yatzil R / Murrell, Meredith D / Ginsburg, Brett C / Onaivi, Emmanuel S / Gould, Georgianna G

Advances in drug and alcohol research

2023 Volume 3

Abstract: Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating phytochemical ... ...

Abstract	Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating phytochemical from
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2674-0001
ISSN (online)	2674-0001
DOI	10.3389/adar.2023.11163
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Article ; Online: Sensory Profiles in Relation to Later Adaptive Functioning Among Toddlers at High-Familial Likelihood for Autism.

Worthley, Emma / Grzadzinski, Rebecca / Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie / Dager, Stephen R / Estes, Annette M / Hazlett, Heather C / Schultz, Robert T / Piven, Joseph / Wolff, Jason J

Journal of autism and developmental disorders

2023

Abstract: This study investigated the extent to which sensory responsivity in infancy contributes to adaptive behavior development among toddlers at high-familial likelihood for autism. Prospective, longitudinal data were analyzed for 218 children, 58 of whom ... ...

Abstract	This study investigated the extent to which sensory responsivity in infancy contributes to adaptive behavior development among toddlers at high-familial likelihood for autism. Prospective, longitudinal data were analyzed for 218 children, 58 of whom received an autism diagnosis. Results indicated that sensory profiles at age one year (hyperresponsivity, sensory seeking) were negatively associated with later adaptive behavior, particularly for socialization, at age 3 years regardless of diagnostic status. These results suggest that early differences in sensory responsivity may have downstream developmental consequences related to social development among young children with high-familial likelihood for autism.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391999-7
ISSN	1573-3432 ; 0162-3257
ISSN (online)	1573-3432
ISSN	0162-3257
DOI	10.1007/s10803-022-05869-5
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Article ; Online: Direct and size-mediated effects of temperature and ration-dependent growth rates on energy reserves in juvenile anadromous alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus).

Guo, Lian W / McCormick, Stephen D / Schultz, Eric T / Jordaan, Adrian

Journal of fish biology

2021 Volume 99, Issue 4, Page(s) 1236–1246

Abstract: Growth rate and energy reserves are important determinants of fitness and are governed by endogenous and exogenous factors. Thus, examining the influence of individual and multiple stressors on growth and energy reserves can help estimate population ... ...

Abstract	Growth rate and energy reserves are important determinants of fitness and are governed by endogenous and exogenous factors. Thus, examining the influence of individual and multiple stressors on growth and energy reserves can help estimate population health under current and future conditions. In young anadromous fishes, freshwater habitat quality determines physiological state and fitness of juveniles emigrating to marine habitats. In this study, the authors tested how temperature and food availability affect survival, growth and energy reserves in juvenile anadromous alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus), a forage fish distributed along the eastern North American continent. Field-collected juvenile anadromous A. pseudoharengus were exposed for 21 days to one of two temperatures (21°C and 25°C) and one of two levels of food rations (1% or 2% tank biomass daily) and compared for differences in final size, fat mass-at-length, lean mass-at-length and energy density. Increased temperature and reduced ration both led to lower growth rates, and the effect of reduced ration was greater at higher temperature. Fat mass-at-length decreased with dry mass, and energy density increased with total length, suggesting size-based endogenous influences on energy reserves. Lower ration also directly decreased fat mass-at-length, lean mass-at-length and energy density. Given the fitness implications of size and energy reserves, temperature and food availability should be considered important indicators of nursery habitat quality and incorporated in A. pseudoharengus life-history models to improve forecasting of population health under climate change.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ecosystem ; Fishes ; Fresh Water ; Temperature
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	410564-3
ISSN	1095-8649 ; 0022-1112
ISSN (online)	1095-8649
ISSN	0022-1112
DOI	10.1111/jfb.14824
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Article ; Online: Training Family Medicine Residents to Address the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey of Program Directors.

Sanders, Mechelle / Fogarty, Colleen T / Morley, Christopher P / Schultz, Stephen / Devine, Mathew / Sridhar, Soumya B / Fiscella, Kevin

Family medicine

2022 Volume 54, Issue 5, Page(s) 343–349

Abstract: Background and objectives: Public health training became particularly important for family medicine (FM) residency training programs amid the COVID-19 pandemic; the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME IV.C.19) requires a ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Public health training became particularly important for family medicine (FM) residency training programs amid the COVID-19 pandemic; the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME IV.C.19) requires a structured curriculum in which residents address population health. Our primary goal was to understand if, and to what extent, public health interventions trainings were incorporated into FM residency training programs amid the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized programs with more resources (eg, university affiliates) would be better able to incorporate the training compared to those without such resources (ie, nonuniversity affiliates). Methods: In 2021, we incorporated items addressing COVID-19 public health training competencies into the 2021 Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance national survey of FM residency program directors. The items addressed the type of training provided, mode of delivery, barriers to providing training, perceived importance of training, and support in delivering training. Results: The overall survey response rate was 46.4% (n=287/619). All programs offered at least some training to residents. There were no statistically significant differences in training intensity between university and nonuniversity affiliates. The length of time an FM residency director spent in their position was positively associated with training intensity (r=0.1430, P=.0252). The biggest barrier to providing the trainings was the need to devote time to other curriculum requirements. Conclusions: FM residency programs were able to provide some public health interventions training during the pandemic. With increased support and resources, FM resident training curricula may better prepare FM residents now in anticipation of a future pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Curriculum ; Education, Medical, Graduate ; Family Practice/education ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Pandemics ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639374-3
ISSN	1938-3800 ; 0742-3225
ISSN (online)	1938-3800
ISSN	0742-3225
DOI	10.22454/FamMed.2022.501410
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Article: Acetaminophen Use for Fever in Children Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Schultz, Stephen T / Gould, Georgianna G

Autism-open access

2016 Volume 6, Issue 2

Abstract: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and restrictive behavior, interests, and activities. Our previous case-control study showed that use of acetaminophen at age 12-18 months is associated with ... ...

Abstract	Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and restrictive behavior, interests, and activities. Our previous case-control study showed that use of acetaminophen at age 12-18 months is associated with increased likelihood for ASD (OR 8.37, 95% CI 2.08-33.7). In this study, we again show that acetaminophen use is associated with ASD (p = 0.013). Because these children are older than in our first study, the association is reversed; fewer children with ASD vs. non-ASD children use acetaminophen as a "first choice" compared to "never use" (OR 0.165, 95% CI 0.045, 0.599). We found significantly more children with ASD vs. non- ASD children change to the use of ibuprofen when acetaminophen is not effective at reducing fever (p = 0.033) and theorize this change in use is due to endocannabinoid system dysfunction. We also found that children with ASD vs. non-ASD children are significantly more likely to show an increase in sociability when they have a fever (p = 0.037) and theorize that this increase is due to anandamide activation of the endocannabinoid system in ASD children with low endocannabinoid tone from early acetaminophen use. In light of this we recommend that acetaminophen use be reviewed for safety in children.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2165-7890
ISSN	2165-7890
DOI	10.4172/2165-7890.1000170
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Article ; Online: White matter development and language abilities during infancy in autism spectrum disorder.

Molecular psychiatry

2024

Abstract: White matter (WM) fiber tract differences are present in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and could be important markers of behavior. One of the earliest phenotypic differences in ASD are language atypicalities. Although language has been linked to WM in ... ...

Abstract	White matter (WM) fiber tract differences are present in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and could be important markers of behavior. One of the earliest phenotypic differences in ASD are language atypicalities. Although language has been linked to WM in typical development, no work has evaluated this association in early ASD. Participants came from the Infant Brain Imaging Study and included 321 infant siblings of children with ASD at high likelihood (HL) for developing ASD; 70 HL infants were later diagnosed with ASD (HL-ASD), and 251 HL infants were not diagnosed with ASD (HL-Neg). A control sample of 140 low likelihood infants not diagnosed with ASD (LL-Neg) were also included. Infants contributed expressive language, receptive language, and diffusion tensor imaging data at 6-, 12-, and 24 months. Mixed effects regression models were conducted to evaluate associations between WM and language trajectories. Trajectories of microstructural changes in the right arcuate fasciculus were associated with expressive language development. HL-ASD infants demonstrated a different developmental pattern compared to the HL-Neg and LL-Neg groups, wherein the HL-ASD group exhibited a positive association between WM fractional anisotropy and language whereas HL-Neg and LL-Neg groups showed weak or no association. No other fiber tracts demonstrated significant associations with language. In conclusion, results indicated arcuate fasciculus WM is linked to language in early toddlerhood for autistic toddlers, with the strongest associations emerging around 24 months. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate associations between language and WM development during the pre-symptomatic period in ASD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1330655-8
ISSN	1476-5578 ; 1359-4184
ISSN (online)	1476-5578
ISSN	1359-4184
DOI	10.1038/s41380-024-02470-3
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Article ; Online: Differential cognitive and behavioral development from 6 to 24 months in autism and fragile X syndrome.

Mullin, Lindsay J / Rutsohn, Joshua / Gross, Julia L / Caravella, Kelly E / Grzadzinski, Rebecca L / Weisenfeld, Leigh Anne / Flake, Lisa / Botteron, Kelly N / Dager, Stephen R / Estes, Annette M / Pandey, Juhi / Schultz, Robert T / St John, Tanya / Wolff, Jason J / Shen, Mark D / Piven, Joseph / Hazlett, Heather C / Girault, Jessica B

Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders

2024 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 12

Abstract: Background: Specifying early developmental differences among neurodevelopmental disorders with distinct etiologies is critical to improving early identification and tailored intervention during the first years of life. Recent studies have uncovered ... ...

Abstract	Background: Specifying early developmental differences among neurodevelopmental disorders with distinct etiologies is critical to improving early identification and tailored intervention during the first years of life. Recent studies have uncovered important differences between infants with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and infants with familial history of autism spectrum disorder who go on to develop autism themselves (FH-ASD), including differences in brain development and behavior. Thus far, there have been no studies longitudinally investigating differential developmental skill profiles in FXS and FH-ASD infants. Methods: The current study contrasted longitudinal trajectories of verbal (expressive and receptive language) and nonverbal (gross and fine motor, visual reception) skills in FXS and FH-ASD infants, compared to FH infants who did not develop ASD (FH-nonASD) and typically developing controls. Results: Infants with FXS showed delays on a nonverbal composite compared to FH-ASD (as well as FH-nonASD and control) infants as early as 6 months of age. By 12 months an ordinal pattern of scores was established between groups on all domains tested, such that controls > FH-nonASD > FH-ASD > FXS. This pattern persisted through 24 months. Cognitive level differentially influenced developmental trajectories for FXS and FH-ASD. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate detectable group differences by 6 months between FXS and FH-ASD as well as differential trajectories on each domain throughout infancy. This work further highlights an earlier onset of global cognitive delays in FXS and, conversely, a protracted period of more slowly emerging delays in FH-ASD. Divergent neural and cognitive development in infancy between FXS and FH-ASD contributes to our understanding of important distinctions in the development and behavioral phenotype of these two groups.
MeSH term(s)	Infant ; Humans ; Fragile X Syndrome/complications ; Fragile X Syndrome/psychology ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology ; Autistic Disorder ; Language ; Cognition
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487174-6
ISSN	1866-1955 ; 1866-1955
ISSN (online)	1866-1955
ISSN	1866-1955
DOI	10.1186/s11689-024-09519-y
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Article: Direct and size‐mediated effects of temperature and ration‐dependent growth rates on energy reserves in juvenile anadromous alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus)

Guo, Lian W. / McCormick, Stephen D. / Schultz, Eric T. / Jordaan, Adrian

Journal of fish biology. 2021 Oct., v. 99, no. 4

2021

Abstract	Growth rate and energy reserves are important determinants of fitness and are governed by endogenous and exogenous factors. Thus, examining the influence of individual and multiple stressors on growth and energy reserves can help estimate population health under current and future conditions. In young anadromous fishes, freshwater habitat quality determines physiological state and fitness of juveniles emigrating to marine habitats. In this study, the authors tested how temperature and food availability affect survival, growth and energy reserves in juvenile anadromous alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus), a forage fish distributed along the eastern North American continent. Field‐collected juvenile anadromous A. pseudoharengus were exposed for 21 days to one of two temperatures (21°C and 25°C) and one of two levels of food rations (1% or 2% tank biomass daily) and compared for differences in final size, fat mass‐at‐length, lean mass‐at‐length and energy density. Increased temperature and reduced ration both led to lower growth rates, and the effect of reduced ration was greater at higher temperature. Fat mass‐at‐length decreased with dry mass, and energy density increased with total length, suggesting size‐based endogenous influences on energy reserves. Lower ration also directly decreased fat mass‐at‐length, lean mass‐at‐length and energy density. Given the fitness implications of size and energy reserves, temperature and food availability should be considered important indicators of nursery habitat quality and incorporated in A. pseudoharengus life‐history models to improve forecasting of population health under climate change.
Keywords	Alosa pseudoharengus ; anadromous fish ; biomass ; climate change ; energy ; energy density ; food availability ; forage fish ; freshwater ; habitats ; juveniles ; life history ; physiological state ; temperature ; North America
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-10
Size	p. 1236-1246.
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	410564-3
ISSN	1095-8649 ; 0022-1112
ISSN (online)	1095-8649
ISSN	0022-1112
DOI	10.1111/jfb.14824
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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