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Article ; Online: Quantifying the potential market for new contraceptive technologies: global projections of 2040 contraceptive needs and preferences.

Weinberger, Michelle / Reidy, Meghan / Winfrey, William

Gates open research

2021 Volume 5, Page(s) 152

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2572-4754
ISSN (online)	2572-4754
DOI	10.12688/gatesopenres.13400.1
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Estimating private sector out-of-pocket expenditures on family planning commodities in low-and-middle-income countries.

Weinberger, Michelle / Bellows, Nicole / Stover, John

BMJ global health

2021 Volume 6, Issue 4

Abstract: Introduction: The role of the private sector in family planning (FP) is well studied; however, few efforts have been made to quantify the role of private out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures on FP commodities across low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The role of the private sector in family planning (FP) is well studied; however, few efforts have been made to quantify the role of private out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures on FP commodities across low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Calculating OOP expenditures is important to illuminate the magnitude of these contributions and to inform discussions on how financial burdens can be reduced. Methods: Estimates of FP users and commodities consumed by women getting their FP methods from the private sector were made for 132 LMICs. Next, unit price data were compiled from to estimate the average price of commodities in the private sector at both a commercial and subsidised price point. These unit prices were applied to commodity consumption estimates to calculate total private OOP expenditures. Sensitivity testing was conducted. Results: Total estimated private OOP expenditures for FP commodities in 2019 was $2.73 billion across 132 LMICs. Spending on contraceptive pills accounted for 80% of this total, and just over three-quarters of expenditure came from upper-middle-income countries. OOP expenditures on subsidised commodities were small but accounted for 20% of expenditures in low-income countries. Non-subsidised unit prices were found to be between 5 and 20 times higher in upper-middle-income countries compared with low-income countries, although wide variation exists. For low-income and lower-middle-income countries, subsidies appear to be greatest for intrauterine devices (IUDs) and pills. Conclusion: Large OOP expenditures across all income levels highlight a need for financing approaches that ensure that a wide range of contraceptives are both accessible and affordable.
MeSH term(s)	Developing Countries ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Poverty ; Private Sector
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2059-7908
ISSN	2059-7908
DOI	10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004635
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: What increase in modern contraceptive use is needed in FP2020 countries to reach 75% demand satisfied by 2030? An assessment using the Accelerated Transition Method and Family Planning Estimation Model.

Cahill, Niamh / Weinberger, Michelle / Alkema, Leontine

Gates open research

2020 Volume 4, Page(s) 113

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2572-4754
ISSN (online)	2572-4754
DOI	10.12688/gatesopenres.13125.1
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Doing Things Differently: What It Would Take to Ensure Continued Access to Contraception During COVID-19.

Weinberger, Michelle / Hayes, Brendan / White, Julia / Skibiak, John

Global health, science and practice

2020 Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) 169–175

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Contraception ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Family Planning Services/organization & administration ; Female ; Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2710875-2
ISSN	2169-575X ; 2169-575X
ISSN (online)	2169-575X
ISSN	2169-575X
DOI	10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00171
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Using the Demographic Health Survey wealth index to create family planning market segments based on absolute income levels.

Bellows, Nicole / Weinberger, Michelle / Reidy, Meghan

BMJ global health

2020 Volume 5, Issue 9

Abstract: Family planning market segmentation approaches typically include analysis by wealth, particularly when considering whether individuals can afford out-of-pocket expenses in the private sector. Most commonly, this is done using the Demographic and Health ... ...

Abstract	Family planning market segmentation approaches typically include analysis by wealth, particularly when considering whether individuals can afford out-of-pocket expenses in the private sector. Most commonly, this is done using the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) wealth index, which uses a
MeSH term(s)	Developing Countries ; Family Characteristics ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Income
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ISSN	2059-7908
ISSN	2059-7908
DOI	10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002450
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Estimating private sector out-of-pocket expenditures on family planning commodities in low-and-middle-income countries

John Stover / Michelle Weinberger / Nicole Bellows

BMJ Global Health, Vol 6, Iss

2021 Volume 4

Abstract: Introduction The role of the private sector in family planning (FP) is well studied; however, few efforts have been made to quantify the role of private out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures on FP commodities across low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). ... ...

Abstract	Introduction The role of the private sector in family planning (FP) is well studied; however, few efforts have been made to quantify the role of private out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures on FP commodities across low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Calculating OOP expenditures is important to illuminate the magnitude of these contributions and to inform discussions on how financial burdens can be reduced.Methods Estimates of FP users and commodities consumed by women getting their FP methods from the private sector were made for 132 LMICs. Next, unit price data were compiled from to estimate the average price of commodities in the private sector at both a commercial and subsidised price point. These unit prices were applied to commodity consumption estimates to calculate total private OOP expenditures. Sensitivity testing was conducted.Results Total estimated private OOP expenditures for FP commodities in 2019 was $2.73 billion across 132 LMICs. Spending on contraceptive pills accounted for 80% of this total, and just over three-quarters of expenditure came from upper-middle-income countries. OOP expenditures on subsidised commodities were small but accounted for 20% of expenditures in low-income countries. Non-subsidised unit prices were found to be between 5 and 20 times higher in upper-middle-income countries compared with low-income countries, although wide variation exists. For low-income and lower-middle-income countries, subsidies appear to be greatest for intrauterine devices (IUDs) and pills.Conclusion Large OOP expenditures across all income levels highlight a need for financing approaches that ensure that a wide range of contraceptives are both accessible and affordable.
Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Subject code	336
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Quantifying the potential market for new contraceptive technologies

Meghan Reidy / William Winfrey / Michelle Weinberger

Gates Open Research, Vol

global projections of 2040 contraceptive needs and preferences [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]

2021 Volume 5

Abstract: Background: Despite a wide range of contraceptive methods, unmet need persists. New contraceptive technologies (CTs) have the potential to improve uptake and continuation. CT development has a long-time horizon; products will be introduced into markets ... ...

Abstract	Background: Despite a wide range of contraceptive methods, unmet need persists. New contraceptive technologies (CTs) have the potential to improve uptake and continuation. CT development has a long-time horizon; products will be introduced into markets that look very different than today. Identifying viable investments requires an understanding of these future markets. For this work the 2040 potential contraceptive market is described utilizing seven market segments based on marital status, fertility preferences, and patterns of sexual activity outside of marriage. Methods: Market size estimates are developed by country for all countries in the world for a current market (2020) and a future market (2040). United Nation’s (UN) population projections of the number of women of reproductive age (WRA) form the basis of this work. WRA are then segmented into market segments based on marital status, fertility intentions, and patterns of sexual activity outside of marriage. Each segment is further subdivided by contraceptive use versus non-use. Segmentation draws from UN projections, household surveys, census data, and modeling techniques developed for this work. Results: The largest market increases will be seen in Africa; most notably among the segment of married women wanting no more children. By contrast, Asia will see declines across all three married segments, coupled with increases among sexually active unmarried segments. Levels of contraceptive use are projected to vary widely by segment, with differential patters across regions. Conclusions: This analysis projects the impact of demographic changes, evolving fertility preferences, shifts in sexual activity outside of marriage and increased utilization of contraceptives in shaping the contraceptive market of 2040. Results show that there is not one global market, but distinct markets that vary in size and shape across the world. This diversity suggests that a range of different new CTs could have potential for uptake.
Keywords	Contraception ; family planning ; user preferences ; market segmentation ; eng ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	650
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	F1000 Research Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: What increase in modern contraceptive use is needed in FP2020 countries to reach 75% demand satisfied by 2030? An assessment using the Accelerated Transition Method and Family Planning Estimation Model [version 1; peer review

Niamh Cahill / Michelle Weinberger / Leontine Alkema

Gates Open Research, Vol

2 approved]

2020 Volume 4

Abstract: Background: Sustainable Development Goal 3.7 aims to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health services. One suggested benchmark is to have at least 75% of the demand for contraception satisfied with modern methods (DS) in all countries ... ...

Abstract	Background: Sustainable Development Goal 3.7 aims to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health services. One suggested benchmark is to have at least 75% of the demand for contraception satisfied with modern methods (DS) in all countries by 2030. The translation of DS-based targets into targets for the modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) is needed to make targets actionable. Methods: We propose the Accelerated Transition (AT) method for determining the mCPR needed to reach demand-satisfied targets by 2030. The starting point for this method is the projection of DS under “business as usual” using the one-country implementation of the Family Planning Estimation Model (FPEMcountry). For countries in which the DS target is projected to be later than 2030, the AT method assumes that meeting the DS target by 2030 requires an acceleration of the contraceptive use transition such that the DS target, and its associated mCPR, will be reached in 2030 as opposed to the later year. The DS-target-associated mCPR becomes the mCPR target for the year 2030. Results: We apply the AT method to assess progress needed for attaining the 75% DS target for married or in-union women in the world’s poorest countries. For 50 out of 68 countries, we estimate that accelerations are needed, with required mCPR increases ranging from 4.3 to 50.8 percentage points. Conclusions: The AT method quantifies the acceleration needed – as compared to business as usual projections – for a country to meet a family planning target. The method can be used to determine the mCPR needed to reach demand-satisfied targets.
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	F1000 Research Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Using Evidence to Drive Impact: Developing the FP Goals Impact Matrix.

Weinberger, Michelle / Williamson, Jessica / Stover, John / Sonneveldt, Emily

Studies in family planning

2019 Volume 50, Issue 4, Page(s) 289–316

Abstract: When designing a family planning (FP) strategy, decision-makers can choose from a wide range of interventions designed to expand access to and develop demand for FP. However, not all interventions will have the same impact on increasing modern ... ...

Abstract	When designing a family planning (FP) strategy, decision-makers can choose from a wide range of interventions designed to expand access to and develop demand for FP. However, not all interventions will have the same impact on increasing modern contraceptive prevalence (mCP). Understanding the existing evidence is critical to planning successful and cost-effective programs. The Impact Matrix is the first comprehensive summary of the impact of a full range of FP interventions on increasing mCP using a single comparable metric. It was developed through an extensive literature review with input from the wider FP community, and includes 138 impact factors highlighting the range of effectiveness observed across categories and subcategories of FP interventions. The Impact Matrix is central to the FP Goals model, used to project scenarios of mCP growth that help decision-makers set realistic goals and prioritize investments. Development of the Impact Matrix, evidence gaps identified, and the contribution to FP Goals are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Community Health Workers/organization & administration ; Contraception Behavior ; Family Planning Services/organization & administration ; Family Planning Services/standards ; Global Health ; Goals ; Health Promotion/organization & administration ; Humans ; Program Evaluation/methods ; Program Evaluation/standards
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	862445-8
ISSN	1728-4465 ; 0039-3665
ISSN (online)	1728-4465
ISSN	0039-3665
DOI	10.1111/sifp.12104
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Doing Things Differently: What It Would Take to Ensure Continued Access to Contraception During COVID-19

Weinberger, Michelle / Hayes, Brendan / White, Julia / Skibiak, John

Glob. health sci. pract

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #32561528
Database	COVID19

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