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Article ; Online: Review on Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumours of the Ovary.

Muscat, Corinne / Calleja-Agius, Jean

2024 Volume 36, Issue 181, Page(s) 234–247

Abstract: Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours (SLCTs) represent a subset of mixed sex cord-stromal tumours (SCSTs), a rare form of non-epithelial ovarian tumours comprising less than 7% of malignant cases. Among other types of SCSTs, SLCTs are one of the more prevalent ... ...

Abstract	Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours (SLCTs) represent a subset of mixed sex cord-stromal tumours (SCSTs), a rare form of non-epithelial ovarian tumours comprising less than 7% of malignant cases. Among other types of SCSTs, SLCTs are one of the more prevalent types observed in young adults. SLCTs are classified into 5 histologic categories based on differentiation levels and histological variants. Diverse chromosomal and genetic mutations have been identified in SLCTs, with the most well-studied being the genetic mutations observed in the Dicer 1, Ribonuclease III (
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Young Adult ; Male ; Humans ; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor/diagnosis ; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor/genetics ; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor/therapy ; Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors/diagnosis ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors/genetics ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors/pathology ; Mutation ; Ribonuclease III/genetics ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics
Chemical Substances	Ribonuclease III (EC 3.1.26.3) ; DICER1 protein, human (EC 3.1.26.3) ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases (EC 3.6.4.13)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2415544-5
ISSN	1944-7930 ; 1944-7930
ISSN (online)	1944-7930
ISSN	1944-7930
DOI	10.24976/Discov.Med.202436181.22
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Article ; Online: Rare but Still There: A Scoping Review on Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer.

Livori, Karl / Calleja-Agius, Jean

Discovery medicine

2024 Volume 36, Issue 182, Page(s) 467–481

Abstract: Endometriosis is a medical condition affecting at least up to 10% of women of reproductive age. This condition occurs when ectopic endometrial glands and stroma implant outside the uterus and there are several theories regarding the underlying origins of ...

Abstract	Endometriosis is a medical condition affecting at least up to 10% of women of reproductive age. This condition occurs when ectopic endometrial glands and stroma implant outside the uterus and there are several theories regarding the underlying origins of the disease. Endometriosis is one of the major causes of severe dysmenorrhoea, chronic pelvic pain and infertility. While endometriosis is generally a non-malignant condition, it rarely may transform into an invasive cancer, and increase the risk for epithelial ovarian cancer, notably endometrioid or clear cell ovarian cancer. Despite the increased risk, the mechanisms behind the development of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) are not yet well understood. Recent investigations have delved into the intricate interplay between endometriosis and EAOC, exploring pathways involving oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperestrogenism, and the discovery of genetic mutations within endometriotic lesions that hint at a transition towards invasive carcinoma. Efforts have been made to identify intermediary lesions between endometriosis and EAOC, which may enable earlier detection of endometriosis at risk of malignant transformation or even prevention of the transformation altogether. However, given the rarity of this malignancy, there is still the risk of late or missed diagnosis, with the risk of inappropriate management being offered to the patient, and the higher risk of poor prognosis and increased morbidity and mortality. This scoping review aims to summarize existing data on EAOC, with a focus on endometrioid and clear cell histologic subtypes. It also provides insights into its identification, prognosis, and delineating management strategies, seeking to provide a holistic understanding of the complexities surrounding EAOC, facilitating further research and the development of more effective prevention and treatment approaches.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Endometriosis/diagnosis ; Endometriosis/genetics ; Endometriosis/pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial ; Risk Factors ; Prognosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2415544-5
ISSN	1944-7930 ; 1944-7930
ISSN (online)	1944-7930
ISSN	1944-7930
DOI	10.24976/Discov.Med.202436182.44
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Article: COX isozymes and non-uniform neoangiogenesis: What is their role in endometriosis?

Caruana, Andrea / Savona-Ventura, Charles / Calleja-Agius, Jean

Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators

2023 Volume 167, Page(s) 106734

Abstract: This literature review compared the efficacy in of NSAIDs with a placebo in pain relief and disease regression of endometriosis. Despite the poor evidence found, the results showed that NSAIDs were more effective in pain relief with regressive effects on ...

Abstract	This literature review compared the efficacy in of NSAIDs with a placebo in pain relief and disease regression of endometriosis. Despite the poor evidence found, the results showed that NSAIDs were more effective in pain relief with regressive effects on the endometriotic lesions compared to placebo. We postulate herein that COX-2 is chiefly responsible for pain whilst COX-1 is responsible mainly for the establishment of endometriotic lesions. Hence, there must be a temporal difference in the activation of the two isozymes. We differentiated between two pathways in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins by the COX isozymes referred to as 'direct' and indirect', supporting our initial theory. Finally, we postulate that there are two stages of neoangiogenesis in the formation of endometriotic lesions; 'founding' that first establishes blood supply and 'maintenance' that upkeeps it. This is fertile ground for further research in a niche that needs more literature. Its aspects may be diversely explored. The theories we propose offer information for a more targeted treatment of endometriosis.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Endometriosis/drug therapy ; Isoenzymes ; Pain/drug therapy ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use ; Cyclooxygenase 2
Chemical Substances	Isoenzymes ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Cyclooxygenase 2 (EC 1.14.99.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1426962-4
ISSN	2212-196X ; 1098-8823 ; 0090-6980
ISSN (online)	2212-196X
ISSN	1098-8823 ; 0090-6980
DOI	10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106734
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Zs.A 815: Show issues

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Article ; Online: A review of the pathophysiology and evidence-based management of varicoceles and pelvic congestion syndrome.

Galea, Matteo / Brincat, Mark R / Calleja-Agius, Jean

Human fertility (Cambridge, England)

2023 Volume 26, Issue 6, Page(s) 1597–1608

Abstract: Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) in females and varicoceles in males may be regarded as closely related conditions since the main pathophysiological cause for both processes is pelvic venous insufficiency. Varicoceles are more prevalent amongst sub- ... ...

Abstract	Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) in females and varicoceles in males may be regarded as closely related conditions since the main pathophysiological cause for both processes is pelvic venous insufficiency. Varicoceles are more prevalent amongst sub-fertile males, with an approximate incidence of 15% in the general male population. PCS is commonly diagnosed amongst premenopausal multiparous women, representing one of the leading causes of chronic pelvic pain. Both conditions appear to be predominantly left-sided and are associated with oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cascades with subsequent effects on fertility. Clinical examination and pelvic ultrasonography play an essential role in the assessment of varicoceles, PCS and chronic pelvic pain. Venography is generally considered as a gold-standard procedure for both conditions. There is still much debate on how these conditions should be managed. This review article provides a comparative analysis of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of both PCS and varicoceles, their impact on fertility, as well as their clinical management.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Varicocele/complications ; Embolization, Therapeutic/adverse effects ; Embolization, Therapeutic/methods ; Pelvic Pain/diagnosis ; Pelvic Pain/etiology ; Pelvic Pain/therapy ; Pelvis ; Venous Insufficiency/complications ; Venous Insufficiency/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2086960-5
ISSN	1742-8149 ; 1464-7273
ISSN (online)	1742-8149
ISSN	1464-7273
DOI	10.1080/14647273.2023.2212846
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Zs.A 5775: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Domestic violence among the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Calleja-Agius, Jean / Calleja, Neville

Revista espanola de geriatria y gerontologia

2020 Volume 56, Issue 1, Page(s) 64

MeSH term(s)	Aged ; COVID-19 ; Developing Countries ; Domestic Violence ; Female ; Humans ; Intimate Partner Violence ; Mental Disorders ; Pandemics ; Psychosocial Intervention ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-04
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	605609-x
ISSN	1578-1747 ; 0211-139X
ISSN (online)	1578-1747
ISSN	0211-139X
DOI	10.1016/j.regg.2020.05.002
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Zs.B 2677: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Augmented reality for teaching anatomy.

Zammit, Christian / Calleja-Agius, Jean / Azzopardi, Ernest

Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)

2022 Volume 35, Issue 6, Page(s) 824–827

Abstract: Successive waves of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic lockdowns resulted in significant reduction in face-to-face teaching, with an adverse effect especially on sectors requiring direct skill acquisition. Despite the fact that augmented reality (AR) ... ...

Abstract	Successive waves of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic lockdowns resulted in significant reduction in face-to-face teaching, with an adverse effect especially on sectors requiring direct skill acquisition. Despite the fact that augmented reality (AR) presents an equitable, cost-effective solution which reduces crowding in the confined spaces of the dissection theater, the benefits of AR-supported undergraduate medical education have been poorly investigated. We conducted a validated survey to explore the value of AR in the dissection theater and assess its impact from the learner's perspective. Further to a validated pilot (n = 30), a larger scale study (n = 130) was conducted to assess the introduction of AR across three different learning domains: retaining anatomy detail, perception of spatial anatomical relations, and speed of learning. A response rate of 85.4% was reported. Our results suggest that the use of AR technology leads to a significant enhancement of spatial relations, faster detailed material assimilation and assistance in understanding of key concepts. In addition, most participants opt to recommend AR as a valuable tool in the learning process. In view of the proposed added value of AR technology in various teaching aspects, we recommend that AR should be introduced as a standard practice in both pre- and postgraduate medical curricula and suggest further research regarding the use of this technology.
MeSH term(s)	Anatomy/education ; Augmented Reality ; COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control ; Curriculum ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods ; Humans ; Teaching
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1025505-9
ISSN	1098-2353 ; 0897-3806
ISSN (online)	1098-2353
ISSN	0897-3806
DOI	10.1002/ca.23920
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Zs.A 2592: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Giving birth and dying alone in hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic - a time for shifting paradigm toward continuity of care.

Morano, Sandra / Calleja-Agius, Jean

Journal of perinatal medicine

2020 Volume 48, Issue 6, Page(s) 551–552

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Continuity of Patient Care/trends ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Death ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Parturition/psychology ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-06
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	123512-6
ISSN	1619-3997 ; 0300-5577 ; 0936-174X
ISSN (online)	1619-3997
ISSN	0300-5577 ; 0936-174X
DOI	10.1515/jpm-2020-0220
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Zs.A 926: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Wnt/PCP signalling cascade disruption by JNK inhibition as a potential mechanism underlying the teratogenic effects of potato glycoalkaloids.

Cuschieri, Andrea / Calleja-Agius, Jean

Molecular biology reports

2020 Volume 47, Issue 11, Page(s) 9235–9238

Abstract: It is hypothesised that the inhibition of the non-canonical Wnt/PCP intracellular signalling cascade by potato glycoalkaloids, [Formula: see text]-solanine and [Formula: see text]-chaconine, results in an increased risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). One ...

Abstract	It is hypothesised that the inhibition of the non-canonical Wnt/PCP intracellular signalling cascade by potato glycoalkaloids, [Formula: see text]-solanine and [Formula: see text]-chaconine, results in an increased risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). One very prominent intracellular signalling pathway with substantial implications in the development and closure of the neural tube is the Wnt/PCP pathway. Experimental inhibition of this results in NTDs. A vital element of this signalling cascade is JNK, which controls the transcription of DNA, which controls cell polarity and directional cell migration. JNK inhibition also results in NTDs experimentally. Through their use in cancer research, [Formula: see text]-solanine and [Formula: see text]-chaconine were found to inhibit metastasis by inhibiting JNK, among other intracellular signalling molecules. Thus, this shows that potato glycoalkaloids increase the likelihood of causing NTDs by inhibiting the proper functioning of JNK in the Wnt/PCP pathway, resulting in defective neural tube closure.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Movement/drug effects ; Cell Polarity/drug effects ; Cell Polarity/physiology ; Epithelial Cells/drug effects ; Epithelial Cells/physiology ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Neural Tube Defects/chemically induced ; Neural Tube Defects/diagnosis ; Solanine/toxicity ; Solanum tuberosum/chemistry ; Teratogenesis/drug effects ; Wnt Signaling Pathway/drug effects ; Wnt Signaling Pathway/physiology
Chemical Substances	Solanine (20562-02-1) ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	186544-4
ISSN	1573-4978 ; 0301-4851
ISSN (online)	1573-4978
ISSN	0301-4851
DOI	10.1007/s11033-020-05921-6
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Zs.A 1140: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Ovarian Vein Thrombosis: A Narrative Review.

Riva, Nicoletta / Calleja-Agius, Jean

Hamostaseologie

2020 Volume 41, Issue 4, Page(s) 257–266

Abstract: Ovarian vein thrombosis (OVT) is a rare type of venous thromboembolism. The most common risk factors for OVT include pregnancy, oral contraceptives, malignancies, recent surgery, and pelvic infections; however, in 4 to 16% of cases, it can be classified ... ...

Abstract	Ovarian vein thrombosis (OVT) is a rare type of venous thromboembolism. The most common risk factors for OVT include pregnancy, oral contraceptives, malignancies, recent surgery, and pelvic infections; however, in 4 to 16% of cases, it can be classified as idiopathic. Most of the available information regards pregnancy-related OVT, which has been reported to complicate 0.01 to 0.18% of pregnancies and to peak around 2 to 6 days after delivery or miscarriage/abortion. The right ovarian vein is more frequently involved (70-80% of cases). Clinical features of OVT include abdominal pain and tenderness, fever, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The most typical finding is the presence of a palpable abdominal mass, although reported in only 46% of cases. OVT can be the cause of puerperal fever in approximately a third of women. Ultrasound Doppler is the first-line imaging, because of its safety, low cost, and wide availability. However, the ovarian veins are difficult to visualize in the presence of bowel meteorism or obesity. Thus, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is often required to confirm the presence and extension of the thrombosis. In oncological patients, OVT is often an incidental finding at abdominal imaging. Mortality related to OVT is nowadays low due to the combination treatment of parenteral broad-spectrum antibiotics (until at least 48 hours after fever resolution) and anticoagulation (low-molecular-weight heparin, vitamin K antagonists, or direct oral anticoagulants). Anticoagulant treatment duration of 3 to 6 months has been recommended for postpartum OVT, while no anticoagulation has been suggested for incidentally detected cancer-associated OVT.
MeSH term(s)	Anticoagulants ; Female ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; Humans ; Ovary ; Pregnancy ; Thrombosis ; Venous Thrombosis/diagnosis ; Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Anticoagulants ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-21
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	801512-0
ISSN	2567-5761 ; 0720-9355
ISSN (online)	2567-5761
ISSN	0720-9355
DOI	10.1055/a-1306-4327
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Zs.A 1631: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The Effect of Carbon Dioxide Insufflation During Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via a Vestibular Approach on Internal Jugular Vein Pressure Changes: Is There a Safer Alternative?

Camenzuli, Christian / Schembri Wismayer, Pierre / Calleja-Agius, Jean

Surgical innovation

2021 Volume 29, Issue 2, Page(s) 301–302

MeSH term(s)	Carbon Dioxide ; Endoscopy ; Insufflation ; Jugular Veins/surgery ; Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery ; Thyroidectomy/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2182571-3
ISSN	1553-3514 ; 1553-3506
ISSN (online)	1553-3514
ISSN	1553-3506
DOI	10.1177/15533506211035252
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