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Article ; Online: Saline-Infused Radiofrequency Ablation: A Review on the Key Factors for a Safe and Reliable Tumour Treatment.

Kho, Antony S K / Ooi, Ean H / Foo, Ji J / Ooi, Ean T

IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering

2024 Volume 17, Page(s) 310–321

Abstract: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with saline infusion into tissue is a promising technique to ablate larger tumours. Nevertheless, the application of saline-infused RFA remains at clinical trials due to the contradictory findings as a result of the ...

Abstract	Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with saline infusion into tissue is a promising technique to ablate larger tumours. Nevertheless, the application of saline-infused RFA remains at clinical trials due to the contradictory findings as a result of the inconsistencies in experimental procedures. These inconsistencies not only magnify the number of factors to consider during the treatment, but also obscure the understanding of the role of saline in enlarging the coagulation zone. Consequently, this can result in major complications, which includes unwanted thermal damages to adjacent tissues and also incomplete ablation of the tumour. This review aims to identify the key factors of saline responsible for enlarging the coagulation zone during saline-infused RFA, and provide a proper understanding on their effects that is supported with findings from computational studies to ensure a safe and reliable cancer treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Catheter Ablation/methods ; Liver/pathology ; Liver/surgery ; Radiofrequency Ablation/methods ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Neoplasms/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ISSN	1941-1189
ISSN (online)	1941-1189
DOI	10.1109/RBME.2022.3179742
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Article: The curious case of missing heartbeats.

Tan, J H / Ng, S / Foo, D

The Medical journal of Malaysia

2022 Volume 77, Issue 3, Page(s) 399–402

Abstract: Paroxysmal atrioventricular block (AVB) is a poorly defined and easily missed bradyarrhythmia, which can potentially lead to sudden cardiac death. It is under-recognised due to its abrupt onset and unpredictability. We describe a case that had paroxysmal ...

Abstract	Paroxysmal atrioventricular block (AVB) is a poorly defined and easily missed bradyarrhythmia, which can potentially lead to sudden cardiac death. It is under-recognised due to its abrupt onset and unpredictability. We describe a case that had paroxysmal AVB post-coronary angioplasty and highlight the mechanism as well as the management of this rare condition.
MeSH term(s)	Atrioventricular Block/diagnosis ; Atrioventricular Block/etiology ; Atrioventricular Block/therapy ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Heart Rate ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-31
Publishing country	Malaysia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604286-7
ISSN	0300-5283
ISSN	0300-5283
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Article ; Online: Modeling Henry's law and phase separations of water-NaCl-organic mixtures with solvation and ion-pairing.

Wilson, Aaron D / Foo, Zi Hao / Jayasinghe, Ashini S / Stetson, Caleb / Lee, Hyeonseok / Rollins, Harry W / Deshmukh, Akshay / Lienhard, John H

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP

2024 Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) 749–759

Abstract: Empirical measurements of solution vapor pressure of ternary acetonitrile (MeCN) H ...

Abstract	Empirical measurements of solution vapor pressure of ternary acetonitrile (MeCN) H
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1476244-4
ISSN	1463-9084 ; 1463-9076
ISSN (online)	1463-9084
ISSN	1463-9076
DOI	10.1039/d3cp02003g
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Article ; Online: Biochemical trade-offs and opportunities of commercialized microalgae cultivation under increasing carbon dioxide.

Lim, Yi An / Ilankoon, I M S K / Khong, Nicholas M H / Priyawardana, Sajeewa Dilshan / Ooi, Khi Rern / Chong, Meng Nan / Foo, Su Chern

Bioresource technology

2024 Volume 393, Page(s) 129898

Abstract: Microalgae's exceptional photosynthetic prowess, ... ...

Abstract	Microalgae's exceptional photosynthetic prowess, CO
MeSH term(s)	Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Chlorella/metabolism ; Microalgae/metabolism ; Carbohydrates ; Photosynthesis ; Biomass
Chemical Substances	Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J) ; Carbohydrates
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1065195-0
ISSN	1873-2976 ; 0960-8524
ISSN (online)	1873-2976
ISSN	0960-8524
DOI	10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129898
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Article ; Online: Regional and Country Prevalence Estimates of Unsafe Sex Among Adolescents in 68 Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries.

Leung, Janni / Lim, Carmen / Belete, Habte / Mcclure-Thomas, Caitlin / Foo, Shaun / Chan, Gary Chung Kai

Archives of sexual behavior

2024

Abstract: Prioritizing adolescent health is a public health priority to achieve the sustainable development goals, including reducing the risk of unsafe sex. Data on unsafe sex have remained scarce among adolescents in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). To ... ...

Abstract	Prioritizing adolescent health is a public health priority to achieve the sustainable development goals, including reducing the risk of unsafe sex. Data on unsafe sex have remained scarce among adolescents in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). To estimate the prevalence of unsafe sex in LMICs, we conducted secondary data analysis on the Global School-based Student Health Surveys among 244,863 students aged 13-17 years from 68 countries across five World Health Organization regions. The overall prevalence of ever had sex was 16.2%. The highest to lowest regional prevalence estimation of ever had sex was 30.5% (28.9-32.1) in the Americas, 28.6% (26.8-30.4) in Africa, 10.9% (9.2-12.6) in the Eastern Mediterranean, 9.6% (8.8-10.5) in South-East Asia, and 8.0% (6.8-9.1) in the Western Pacific. The highest prevalence of sexual intercourse before age 14 and practicing sexual intercourse without condom use were 36.5% (34.5-38.5) and 32.2% (30.1-34.3) in Africa, respectively. Findings suggest that current interventions are inadequate in promoting the uptake of safe sexual behaviors and an urgent intervention is needed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184221-3
ISSN	1573-2800 ; 0004-0002
ISSN (online)	1573-2800
ISSN	0004-0002
DOI	10.1007/s10508-024-02861-1
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Article ; Online: The role of shear viscosity as a biomarker for improving chronic kidney disease detection using shear wave elastography: A computational study using a validated finite element model.

Lim, William T H / Ooi, Ean H / Foo, Ji J / Ng, Kwan H / Wong, Jeannie H D / Leong, Sook S

Ultrasonics

2023 Volume 133, Page(s) 107046

Abstract: The application of ultrasound shear wave elastography for detecting chronic kidney disease, namely renal fibrosis, has been widely studied. A good correlation between tissue Young's modulus and the degree of renal impairment has been established. However, ...

Abstract	The application of ultrasound shear wave elastography for detecting chronic kidney disease, namely renal fibrosis, has been widely studied. A good correlation between tissue Young's modulus and the degree of renal impairment has been established. However, the current limitation of this imaging modality pertains to the linear elastic assumption used in quantifying the stiffness of renal tissue in commercial shear wave elastography systems. As such, when underlying medical conditions such as acquired cystic kidney disease, which may potentially influence the viscous component of renal tissue, is present concurrently with renal fibrosis, the accuracy of the imaging modality in detecting chronic kidney disease may be affected. The findings in this study demonstrate that quantifying the stiffness of linear viscoelastic tissue using an approach similar to those implemented in commercial shear wave elastography systems led to percentage errors as high as 87%. The findings presented indicate that use of shear viscosity to detect changes in renal impairment led to a reduction in percentage error to values as low as 0.3%. For cases in which renal tissue was affected by multiple medical conditions, shear viscosity was found to be a good indicator in gauging the reliability of the Young's modulus (quantified through a shear wave dispersion analysis) in detecting chronic kidney disease. The findings show that percentage error in stiffness quantification can be reduced to as low as 0.6%. The present study demonstrates the potential use of renal shear viscosity as a biomarker to improve the detection of chronic kidney disease.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods ; Viscosity ; Reproducibility of Results ; Finite Element Analysis ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnostic imaging ; Elastic Modulus ; Fibrosis ; Biomarkers
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	200839-7
ISSN	1874-9968 ; 0041-624X
ISSN (online)	1874-9968
ISSN	0041-624X
DOI	10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107046
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Article: Prevalence and barriers of reporting needle-stick injures amongst government pharmacists working in Perak, Malaysia.

Arvinder-Singh, H S / Foo, P L / Chew, C C / Dhillon, S S

The Medical journal of Malaysia

2022 Volume 77, Issue 6, Page(s) 676–683

Abstract: Introduction: Needle-stick injuries (NSIs) are common amongst healthcare workers including pharmacists. Studies have reported a range of 0-5.65 per 1,000 pharmacists handling vaccinations that suffered at least one incident of NSI. The objective of this ...

Abstract	Introduction: Needle-stick injuries (NSIs) are common amongst healthcare workers including pharmacists. Studies have reported a range of 0-5.65 per 1,000 pharmacists handling vaccinations that suffered at least one incident of NSI. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of NSI and the barriers encountered in reporting it amongst government pharmacists working in Perak. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted amongst all government pharmacists in Perak. We excluded those who did not consent or were unreachable electronically. The researchers provided an online link that was forwarded to all heads of departments in Perak via social media. The respondents answered their demographic details, questions assessing their knowledge of NSI transmissible diseases, needle-stick handling practices, detail experiences of them suffering an NSI (all self-developed questionnaires), and their barriers in reporting an NSI (validated questionnaire). All responses were auto-tabulated in an excel sheet. A sample size of 516 pharmacists was needed for this study. A respondent was deemed to have inadequate knowledge when they answered any question wrongly about NSI knowledge-related questions and inappropriate practice in needle handling when respondents answered any questions wrongly for questions assessing practices. Results: A total of 524 pharmacists participated. The overall prevalence of NSI was 23.1% (n=121), of which, those with contaminated NSI were 10.3% (n=54, 95%CI: 7.9-13.30). Twothirds of the participants (66.6%) had inadequate knowledge and nearly all of them were unable to describe the appropriate needle-handling practices (94.7%). Amongst the reported barriers were "not knowing whose duty it was to report an NSI" (45.5%) and "busy schedules" (44.7%). Conclusion: One in every five pharmacists in the state of Perak had a history of NSI, and 1 in every 10 had sustained a contaminated NSI. The barriers to reporting a NSI were mainly due to uncertainty about whose responsibility to report the incident and being too busy to report it.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Needlestick Injuries/epidemiology ; Needlestick Injuries/prevention & control ; Pharmacists ; Prevalence ; Malaysia/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Government
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-30
Publishing country	Malaysia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604286-7
ISSN	0300-5283
ISSN	0300-5283
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Article: Prevalence and psychosocial impact of acne vulgaris among high school and university students in Sarawak, Malaysia.

Lim, T H / Badaruddin, N S F / Foo, S Y / Bujang, M A / Muniandy, P

The Medical journal of Malaysia

2022 Volume 77, Issue 4, Page(s) 446–453

Abstract: Background: Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition that affects adolescents and young adults. Its psychosocial impact can be significant. The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of acne vulgaris and its psychosocial impact ... ...

Abstract	Background: Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition that affects adolescents and young adults. Its psychosocial impact can be significant. The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of acne vulgaris and its psychosocial impact among high school and university students in Kuching, Sarawak. In addition, the clinical characteristics of acne and its potential predisposing factors were assessed. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among high school and university students in Kuching, Sarawak. A team of dermatology-trained doctors examined a representative sample of high school and university students aged 16 to 25 years to identify acne vulgaris. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was used to assess the psychosocial impact of acne on affected individuals. The Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) was used to determine the severity of acne. Demographic data and clinical characteristics of acne were recorded. Results: A total of 582 students aged 16 to 25 years were recruited. The overall prevalence of acne vulgaris was 75.8% (n=441). The prevalence of acne was highest (85.5%) in the age group of 16-18 years. There was a significantly higher tendency for male students to have moderate to severe acne (p=0.010). A significantly higher proportion of female students had impaired quality of life (p<0.001) compared to male students. In comparison to male students, the mean DLQI scores were significantly higher in female students in the domains of 'Work and school' and 'Personal relationship' (p<0.05). There were 41 students who had a very large impact on the quality of life with a DLQI score of 11-20 and 34 (82.9%) of them had mild acne. There was a significantly higher proportion of students who had frequent insomnia in the group of students with acne compared to those without acne (11.6% vs. 4.3%, p=0.011). There was no significant association of acne vulgaris with dietary intakes, such as chocolates, sweets, potato chips, yoghurt, milk, fried chicken, ice cream, nuts and carbonated drinks (p>0.05). Of the 441 students with acne, 247 (56%) had not sought any medical attention. Conclusion: Acne vulgaris impacts the quality of life similarly to psoriasis, atopic eczema, and chronic urticaria. In mild acne cases, the quality of life may be significantly affected. Therefore, acne education is required in high schools and colleges to ensure that students understand their disease and are aware of available treatments.
MeSH term(s)	Acne Vulgaris/epidemiology ; Acne Vulgaris/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Malaysia/epidemiology ; Male ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Schools ; Students/psychology ; Universities
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-28
Publishing country	Malaysia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604286-7
ISSN	0300-5283
ISSN	0300-5283
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Article ; Online: Comparisons between impedance-based and time-based switching bipolar radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of liver cancer.

Yap, Shelley / Ooi, Ean H / Foo, Ji J / Ooi, Ean T

Computers in biology and medicine

2021 Volume 134, Page(s) 104488

Abstract: ... when the switch interval of the latter is 100 s or higher. When compared to the time-based switching with switch ... interval of 50 s, the impedance-based model is inferior. It remains to be investigated ... whether the impedance-based protocol is better than the time-based protocol for a switch interval of 50 s due ...

Abstract	Switching bipolar radiofrequency ablation (bRFA) is a cancer treatment technique that activates multiple pairs of electrodes alternately based on a predefined criterion. Various criteria can be used to trigger the switch, such as time (ablation duration) and tissue impedance. In a recent study on time-based switching bRFA, it was determined that a shorter switch interval could produce better treatment outcome than when a longer switch interval was used, which reduces tissue charring and roll-off induced cooling. In this study, it was hypothesized that a more efficacious bRFA treatment can be attained by employing impedance-based switching. This is because ablation per pair can be maximized since there will be no interruption to RF energy delivery until roll-off occurs. This was investigated using a two-compartment 3D computational model. Results showed that impedance-based switching bRFA outperformed time-based switching when the switch interval of the latter is 100 s or higher. When compared to the time-based switching with switch interval of 50 s, the impedance-based model is inferior. It remains to be investigated whether the impedance-based protocol is better than the time-based protocol for a switch interval of 50 s due to the inverse relationship between ablation and treatment efficacies. It was suggested that the choice of impedance-based or time-based switching could ultimately be patient-dependent.
MeSH term(s)	Catheter Ablation ; Electric Impedance ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Liver/surgery ; Liver Neoplasms/surgery ; Radiofrequency Ablation
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	127557-4
ISSN	1879-0534 ; 0010-4825
ISSN (online)	1879-0534
ISSN	0010-4825
DOI	10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104488
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Article ; Online: Bipolar radiofrequency ablation treatment of liver cancer employing monopolar needles: A comprehensive investigation on the efficacy of time-based switching.

Yap, Shelley / Ooi, Ean H / Foo, Ji J / Ooi, Ean T

Computers in biology and medicine

2021 Volume 131, Page(s) 104273

Abstract: ... Five switch intervals, namely 50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 s were investigated using a two-compartment 3D ... obtained was the largest using switch interval of 50 s, followed by 100, 150, 200 and 300 s. The present ...

Abstract	Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a thermal ablative treatment method that is commonly used to treat liver cancer. However, the thermal coagulation zone generated using the conventional RFA system can only successfully treat tumours up to 3 cm in diameter. Switching bipolar RFA has been proposed as a way to increase the thermal coagulation zone. Presently, the understanding of the underlying thermal processes that takes place during switching bipolar RFA remains limited. Hence, the objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding on the thermal ablative effects of time-based switching bipolar RFA on liver tissue. Five switch intervals, namely 50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 s were investigated using a two-compartment 3D finite element model. The study was performed using two pairs of RF electrodes in a four-probe configuration, where the electrodes were alternated based on their respective switch interval. The physics employed in the present study were verified against experimental data from the literature. Results obtained show that using a shorter switch interval can improve the homogeneity of temperature distribution within the tissue and increase the rate of temperature rise by delaying the occurrence of roll-off. The coagulation volume obtained was the largest using switch interval of 50 s, followed by 100, 150, 200 and 300 s. The present study demonstrated that the transient thermal response of switching bipolar RFA can be improved by using shorter switch intervals.
MeSH term(s)	Catheter Ablation ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Liver/surgery ; Liver Neoplasms/surgery ; Needles ; Radiofrequency Ablation
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	127557-4
ISSN	1879-0534 ; 0010-4825
ISSN (online)	1879-0534
ISSN	0010-4825
DOI	10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104273
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