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Article ; Online: Metabolomic insights into the browning of the peel of bagging 'Rui Xue' apple fruit.

Wang, Hui / Wang, Shuang / Fan, Miao-Miao / Zhang, Shu-Hui / Sun, Lu-Long / Zhao, Zheng-Yang

BMC plant biology

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 209

Abstract: ... five-year-old trees of 'Rui Xue' (CNA20151469.1) were used as materials. Bagging fruits ...

Abstract	Background: Bagging is one of the most important techniques for producting high-quality fruits. In the actual of cultivating, we found a new kind of browning in peel of apple fruit that occurs before harvest and worsen during storage period. There are many studies on metabonomic analysis of browning about storage fruits, but few studies on the mechanism of browning before harvest. Results: In this study, five-year-old trees of 'Rui Xue' (CNA20151469.1) were used as materials. Bagging fruits without browning (BFW) and bagging fruits with browning (BFB) were set as the experimental groups, non-bagging fruits (NBF) were set as control. After partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), 50 kinds of metabolites were important with predictive VIP > 1 and p-value < 0.05. The most important differential metabolites include flavonoids and lipids molecules, 11 flavonoids and 6 lipids molecules were significantly decreased in the BFW compared with NBF. After browning, 11 flavonoids and 7 lipids were further decreased in BFB compared with BFW. Meanwhile, the significantly enriched metabolic pathways include galactose metabolism, ABC membrane transporter protein, flavonoid biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism pathways et al. Physiological indicators show that, compared with NBF, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that the microenvironment of fruit was changed by bagging, the destruction of cell structure, the decrease of flavonoids and the increase of triterpenoids were the main reasons for the browning of peel.
MeSH term(s)	China ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics ; Crops, Agricultural/metabolism ; Fruit/genetics ; Fruit/growth & development ; Fruit/metabolism ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Maillard Reaction ; Malus/genetics ; Malus/growth & development ; Malus/metabolism ; Metabolome
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2229
ISSN (online)	1471-2229
DOI	10.1186/s12870-021-02974-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Metabolomic insights into the browning of the peel of bagging ‘Rui Xue’ apple fruit

Wang, Hui / Wang, Shuang / Fan, Miao-Miao / Zhang, Shu-Hui / Sun, Lu-Long / Zhao, Zheng-Yang

BMC Plant Biol. 2021 Dec., v. 21, no. 1 p.209-209

2021

Abstract: ... year-old trees of ‘Rui Xue’ (CNA20151469.1) were used as materials. Bagging fruits without browning ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Bagging is one of the most important techniques for producting high-quality fruits. In the actual of cultivating, we found a new kind of browning in peel of apple fruit that occurs before harvest and worsen during storage period. There are many studies on metabonomic analysis of browning about storage fruits, but few studies on the mechanism of browning before harvest. RESULTS: In this study, five-year-old trees of ‘Rui Xue’ (CNA20151469.1) were used as materials. Bagging fruits without browning (BFW) and bagging fruits with browning (BFB) were set as the experimental groups, non-bagging fruits (NBF) were set as control. After partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), 50 kinds of metabolites were important with predictive VIP > 1 and p-value < 0.05. The most important differential metabolites include flavonoids and lipids molecules, 11 flavonoids and 6 lipids molecules were significantly decreased in the BFW compared with NBF. After browning, 11 flavonoids and 7 lipids were further decreased in BFB compared with BFW. Meanwhile, the significantly enriched metabolic pathways include galactose metabolism, ABC membrane transporter protein, flavonoid biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism pathways et al. Physiological indicators show that, compared with NBF, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide anion (O₂⁻) in peel of BFW and BFB were significantly increased, and the difference of BFB was more significant. Meanwhile, the antioxidant enzyme activities of BFW and BFB were inhibited, which accelerated the destruction of cell structure. In addition, the metabolome and physiological data showed that the significantly decrease of flavonoid was positively correlated with peel browning. So, we analyzed the expression of flavonoid related genes and found that, compared with NBF, the flavonoid synthesis genes MdLAR and MdANR were significantly up-regulated in BFW and BFB, but, the downstream flavonoids-related polymeric genes MdLAC7 and MdLAC14 were also significantly expressed. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrated that the microenvironment of fruit was changed by bagging, the destruction of cell structure, the decrease of flavonoids and the increase of triterpenoids were the main reasons for the browning of peel.
Keywords	antioxidant enzymes ; apples ; biosynthesis ; cell structures ; discriminant analysis ; flavonoids ; fruits ; galactose ; hydrogen peroxide ; linoleic acid ; malondialdehyde ; metabolites ; metabolome ; metabolomics ; polymers ; storage time ; superoxide anion ; transport proteins ; triterpenoids
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Size	p. 209.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2059868-3
ISSN	1471-2229
ISSN	1471-2229
DOI	10.1186/s12870-021-02974-y
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Article ; Online: Erratum: XIAO-LONG LIN, HAI-JUN YU, RUI-LEI ZHANG amp; XIN-HUA WANG (2019) Polypedilum (Cerobregma) heberti sp. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan, China. Zootaxa, 4571: 255-262.

Lin, Xiao-Long / Yu, Hai-Jun / Zhang, Rui-Lei / Wang, Xin-Hua

Zootaxa

2020 Volume 4852, Issue 4, Page(s) zootaxa.4852.4.7

Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-17
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Published Erratum
ISSN	1175-5334
ISSN (online)	1175-5334
DOI	10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.7
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Article ; Online: Risk analysis of heavy metal concentration in surface waters across the rural-urban interface of the Wen-Rui Tang River, China.

Qu, Liyin / Huang, Hong / Xia, Fang / Liu, Yuanyuan / Dahlgren, Randy A / Zhang, Minghua / Mei, Kun

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

2018 Volume 237, Page(s) 639–649

Abstract: ... heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, Cu, Zn) from 14 sites spanning the rural-urban interface of the Wen-Rui Tang ...

Abstract	Heavy metal pollution is a major concern in China because of its serious effects on human health. To assess potential human health and ecological risks of heavy metal pollution, concentration data for seven heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, Cu, Zn) from 14 sites spanning the rural-urban interface of the Wen-Rui Tang River watershed in southeast China were collected from 2000 to 2010. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR) metrics were used to assess potential heavy metal risks. Further, we evaluated the uncertainty associated with the risk assessment indices using Monte Carlo analysis. Results indicated that all HPI values were lower than the critical level of 100 suggesting that heavy metal levels posed acceptable ecological risks; however, one site having an industrial point-source input reached levels of 80-97 on several occasions. Heavy metal concentrations fluctuated over time, and the decrease after 2007 is due to increased wastewater collection. The HI suggested low non-carcinogenic risk throughout the study period (HI < 1); however, nine sites showed CR values above the acceptable level of 10
MeSH term(s)	Arsenic/analysis ; China ; Ecology ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollution/analysis ; Humans ; Mercury/analysis ; Metals, Heavy/analysis ; Risk Assessment ; Rivers/chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
Chemical Substances	Metals, Heavy ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Mercury (FXS1BY2PGL) ; Arsenic (N712M78A8G)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.020
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Article ; Online: Prediction of dissolved oxygen concentration in hypoxic river systems using support vector machine: a case study of Wen-Rui Tang River, China.

Ji, Xiaoliang / Shang, Xu / Dahlgren, Randy A / Zhang, Minghua

Environmental science and pollution research international

2017 Volume 24, Issue 19, Page(s) 16062–16076

Abstract: ... were measured bimonthly at eight sampling sites along the rural-suburban-urban portion of Wen-Rui Tang ...

Abstract	Accurate quantification of dissolved oxygen (DO) is critically important for managing water resources and controlling pollution. Artificial intelligence (AI) models have been successfully applied for modeling DO content in aquatic ecosystems with limited data. However, the efficacy of these AI models in predicting DO levels in the hypoxic river systems having multiple pollution sources and complicated pollutants behaviors is unclear. Given this dilemma, we developed a promising AI model, known as support vector machine (SVM), to predict the DO concentration in a hypoxic river in southeastern China. Four different calibration models, specifically, multiple linear regression, back propagation neural network, general regression neural network, and SVM, were established, and their prediction accuracy was systemically investigated and compared. A total of 11 hydro-chemical variables were used as model inputs. These variables were measured bimonthly at eight sampling sites along the rural-suburban-urban portion of Wen-Rui Tang River from 2004 to 2008. The performances of the established models were assessed through the mean square error (MSE), determination coefficient (R
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-017-9243-7
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Article: Risk analysis of heavy metal concentration in surface waters across the rural-urban interface of the Wen-Rui Tang River, China

Qu, Liyin / Hong Huang / Fang Xia / Yuanyuan Liu / Randy A. Dahlgren / Minghua Zhang / Kun Mei

Environmental pollution. 2018 June, v. 237

2018

Abstract: ... heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, Cu, Zn) from 14 sites spanning the rural-urban interface of the Wen-Rui Tang ...

Abstract	Heavy metal pollution is a major concern in China because of its serious effects on human health. To assess potential human health and ecological risks of heavy metal pollution, concentration data for seven heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, Cu, Zn) from 14 sites spanning the rural-urban interface of the Wen-Rui Tang River watershed in southeast China were collected from 2000 to 2010. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR) metrics were used to assess potential heavy metal risks. Further, we evaluated the uncertainty associated with the risk assessment indices using Monte Carlo analysis. Results indicated that all HPI values were lower than the critical level of 100 suggesting that heavy metal levels posed acceptable ecological risks; however, one site having an industrial point-source input reached levels of 80–97 on several occasions. Heavy metal concentrations fluctuated over time, and the decrease after 2007 is due to increased wastewater collection. The HI suggested low non-carcinogenic risk throughout the study period (HI < 1); however, nine sites showed CR values above the acceptable level of 10−4 for potential cancer risk from arsenic in the early 2000s. Uncertainty analysis revealed an exposure risk for As at all sites because some CR values exceeded the 10−4 level of concern; levels of Cd near an old industrial area also exceeded the Cd exposure standard (2.6% of CR values > 10−4). While most metrics for human health risk did not exceed critical values for heavy metals, there is still a potential human health risk from chronic exposure to low heavy metal concentrations due to long-term exposure and potential metal interactions. Results of this study inform water pollution remediation and management efforts designed to protect public health in polluted urban area waterways common in rapidly developing regions.
Keywords	Monte Carlo method ; arsenic ; cadmium ; chromium ; chronic exposure ; copper ; heavy metals ; human health ; lead ; mercury ; neoplasms ; public health ; remediation ; risk ; risk assessment ; rivers ; surface water ; uncertainty ; uncertainty analysis ; urban areas ; wastewater ; water pollution ; watersheds ; waterways ; zinc ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-06
Size	p. 639-649.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.020
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Prediction of dissolved oxygen concentration in hypoxic river systems using support vector machine: a case study of Wen-Rui Tang River, China

Ji, Xiaoliang / Xu Shang / Randy A. Dahlgren / Minghua Zhang

Environmental science and pollution research international. 2017 July, v. 24, no. 19

2017

Abstract: ... were measured bimonthly at eight sampling sites along the rural-suburban-urban portion of Wen-Rui Tang ... Rui Tang River. For SVM, the MSE, R Â², and NS values for the testing subset were 0.9416Â mg/L, 0.8646 ...

Abstract	Accurate quantification of dissolved oxygen (DO) is critically important for managing water resources and controlling pollution. Artificial intelligence (AI) models have been successfully applied for modeling DO content in aquatic ecosystems with limited data. However, the efficacy of these AI models in predicting DO levels in the hypoxic river systems having multiple pollution sources and complicated pollutants behaviors is unclear. Given this dilemma, we developed a promising AI model, known as support vector machine (SVM), to predict the DO concentration in a hypoxic river in southeastern China. Four different calibration models, specifically, multiple linear regression, back propagation neural network, general regression neural network, and SVM, were established, and their prediction accuracy was systemically investigated and compared. A total of 11 hydro-chemical variables were used as model inputs. These variables were measured bimonthly at eight sampling sites along the rural-suburban-urban portion of Wen-Rui Tang River from 2004 to 2008. The performances of the established models were assessed through the mean square error (MSE), determination coefficient (R Â²), and Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) model efficiency. The results indicated that the SVM model was superior to other models in predicting DO concentration in Wen-Rui Tang River. For SVM, the MSE, R Â², and NS values for the testing subset were 0.9416Â mg/L, 0.8646, and 0.8763, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that ammonium-nitrogen was the most significant input variable of the proposal SVM model. Overall, these results demonstrated that the proposed SVM model can efficiently predict water quality, especially for highly impaired and hypoxic river systems.
Keywords	ammonium nitrogen ; aquatic ecosystems ; case studies ; dissolved oxygen ; neural networks ; pollutants ; prediction ; regression analysis ; rivers ; support vector machines ; water quality ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-07
Size	p. 16062-16076.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-017-9243-7
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Spatial distribution and source apportionment of water pollution in different administrative zones of Wen-Rui-Tang (WRT) river watershed, China.

Yang, Liping / Mei, Kun / Liu, Xingmei / Wu, Laosheng / Zhang, Minghua / Xu, Jianming / Wang, Fan

Environmental science and pollution research international

2013 Volume 20, Issue 8, Page(s) 5341–5352

Abstract: ... Rui-Tang (WRT) river watershed, near the East China Sea. The 12 monitoring sites were divided ...

Abstract	Water quality degradation in river systems has caused great concerns all over the world. Identifying the spatial distribution and sources of water pollutants is the very first step for efficient water quality management. A set of water samples collected bimonthly at 12 monitoring sites in 2009 and 2010 were analyzed to determine the spatial distribution of critical parameters and to apportion the sources of pollutants in Wen-Rui-Tang (WRT) river watershed, near the East China Sea. The 12 monitoring sites were divided into three administrative zones of urban, suburban, and rural zones considering differences in land use and population density. Multivariate statistical methods [one-way analysis of variance, principal component analysis (PCA), and absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) methods] were used to investigate the spatial distribution of water quality and to apportion the pollution sources. Results showed that most water quality parameters had no significant difference between the urban and suburban zones, whereas these two zones showed worse water quality than the rural zone. Based on PCA and APCS-MLR analysis, urban domestic sewage and commercial/service pollution, suburban domestic sewage along with fluorine point source pollution, and agricultural nonpoint source pollution with rural domestic sewage pollution were identified to the main pollution sources in urban, suburban, and rural zones, respectively. Understanding the water pollution characteristics of different administrative zones could put insights into effective water management policy-making especially in the area across various administrative zones.
MeSH term(s)	Analysis of Variance ; Arsenic/analysis ; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis ; China ; Copper/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; Fluorine/analysis ; Linear Models ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Oxygen/analysis ; Principal Component Analysis ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/analysis ; Rivers ; Water Pollution/analysis ; Water Supply ; Zinc/analysis
Chemical Substances	Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Fluorine (284SYP0193) ; Copper (789U1901C5) ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS) ; Arsenic (N712M78A8G) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-02-13
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-013-1536-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Spatial and temporal variations of nitrogen pollution in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China.

Lu, Ping / Mei, Kun / Zhang, Yujin / Liao, Lingling / Long, Bibo / Dahlgren, Randy A / Zhang, Minghua

Environmental monitoring and assessment

2010 Volume 180, Issue 1-4, Page(s) 501–520

Abstract: Water quality has degraded dramatically in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China ... variations of the main pollutants (NH⁺₄-N, TN, BOD(5), COD(Mn), DO) of water quality in Wen-Rui Tang ... The results of CA and spatial analysis showed that the northern part of Wen-Rui Tang River watershed was ...

Abstract	Water quality has degraded dramatically in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China, especially due to rapid economic development since 1995. This paper aims to assess spatial and temporal variations of the main pollutants (NH⁺₄-N, TN, BOD(5), COD(Mn), DO) of water quality in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, using the geographic information system, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that concentrations of BOD(5), COD(Mn), NH⁺₄-N, and TN were significantly higher in tertiary rivers than in primary and secondary rivers. From April 2006 to March 2007, the concentrations of NH⁺ ₄-N (2.25-57.9 mg/L) and TN (3.78-70.4 mg/L) in all samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (≥2 mg/L), while 5.3% of all COD(Mn) (1.83-27.5 mg/L) and 33.6% of all BOD(5) (0.34-50.4 mg/L) samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (COD(Mn) ≥ 15 mg/L, BOD(5) ≥ 10 mg/L). Monthly changes of pollutant concentrations did not show a clear pattern, but correlation analysis indicated that NH⁺₄-N and TN in tertiary rivers had a significant negative correlation with 5-day cumulative rainfall and monthly rainfall, while there were no significant correlations in primary and secondary rivers. The results of CA and spatial analysis showed that the northern part of Wen-Rui Tang River watershed was the most seriously polluted. This region is characterized by the high population density and industrial and commercial activities. The PCA and spatial analysis indicated that the degraded water quality is caused by anthropogenic activities and poor wastewater management.
MeSH term(s)	Ammonia/analysis ; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis ; China ; Environmental Monitoring ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Oxygen/analysis ; Rivers/chemistry ; Seasons ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Pollution, Chemical/statistics & numerical data ; Water Supply/statistics & numerical data
Chemical Substances	Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Ammonia (7664-41-7) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-12-15
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	782621-7
ISSN	1573-2959 ; 0167-6369
ISSN (online)	1573-2959
ISSN	0167-6369
DOI	10.1007/s10661-010-1802-z
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Article ; Online: Optimizing water quality monitoring networks using continuous longitudinal monitoring data: a case study of Wen-Rui Tang River, Wenzhou, China.

Mei, Kun / Zhu, Yuanli / Liao, Lingling / Dahlgren, Randy / Shang, Xu / Zhang, Minghua

Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM

2011 Volume 13, Issue 10, Page(s) 2755–2762

Abstract: ... Sampling was conducted six times from March to October 2009 along a 6.5 km segment of the Wen-Rui Tang ...

Abstract	Identification of representative sampling sites is a critical issue in establishing an effective water quality monitoring program. This is especially important at the urban-agriculture interface where water quality conditions can change rapidly over short distances. The objective of this research was to optimize the spatial allocation of discrete monitoring sites for synoptic water quality monitoring through analysis of continuous longitudinal monitoring data collected by attaching a water quality sonde and GPS to a boat. Sampling was conducted six times from March to October 2009 along a 6.5 km segment of the Wen-Rui Tang River in eastern China that represented an urban-agricultural interface. When travelling at a velocity of ∼2.4 km h(-1), this resulted in water quality measurements at ∼20 m interval. Ammonia nitrogen (NH(4)(+)-N), electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity data were collected and analyzed using Cluster Analysis (CA) to identify optimal locations for establishment of long-term monitoring sites. The analysis identified two distinct water quality segments for NH(4)(+)-N and EC and three distinct segments for DO and turbidity. According to our research results, the current fixed-location sampling sites should be adjusted to more effectively capture the distinct differences in the spatial distribution of water quality conditions. In addition, this methodology identified river reaches that require more comprehensive study of the factors leading to the changes in water quality within the identified river segment. The study demonstrates that continuous longitudinal monitoring can be a highly effective method for optimizing monitoring site locations for water quality studies.
MeSH term(s)	China ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Environmental Monitoring/standards ; Rivers/chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Pollution, Chemical/statistics & numerical data ; Water Quality/standards
Chemical Substances	Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1453583-x
ISSN	1464-0333 ; 1464-0325
ISSN (online)	1464-0333
ISSN	1464-0325
DOI	10.1039/c1em10352k
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