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  1. Article ; Online: Dual targeting of 3CLpro and PLpro of SARS-CoV-2

    Sajjan Rajpoot / Manikandan Alagumuthu / Mirza S. Baig

    Current Research in Structural Biology, Vol 3, Iss , Pp 9-

    A novel structure-based design approach to treat COVID-19

    2021  Volume 18

    Abstract: With the rapid growth of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic across the globe, therapeutic attention must be directed to fight the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, developing new antiviral drugs ... ...

    Abstract With the rapid growth of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic across the globe, therapeutic attention must be directed to fight the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, developing new antiviral drugs and vaccines is time-consuming, so one of the best solutions to tackle this virus at present is to repurpose ready-to-use drugs. This paper proposes the repurposing of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved, purchasable, and naturally occurring drugs for preventive and therapeutic use. We propose to design a dual-inhibitor for the SARS-CoV-2 cysteine proteases—3 Chemotrypsin-like protease or main protease (3CLpro or Mpro) and Papain-like protease (PLpro) responsible for processing the translated polyprotein chain from the viral RNA yielding functional viral proteins. For virtual screening, an unbiased blind docking was performed from which the top nine dual-targeting inhibitors for 3CLpro and PLpro were selected. The nine repurposed drugs, block the catalytic dyad (His41 and Cys145) of 3CLpro as well as the catalytic triad (Cys111, His272, and Asp286) of PLpro. Repurposing known drugs will not only pave the way for rapid in-vitro and in-vivo studies to battle the SARS-CoV-2 but will also expedite the quest for a potent anti-coronaviral drug.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; 3CLpro ; PLpro ; Therapeutic candidates ; Repurposing ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Dual targeting of 3CL

    Rajpoot, Sajjan / Alagumuthu, Manikandan / Baig, Mirza S

    Current research in structural biology

    2020  Volume 3, Page(s) 9–18

    Abstract: With the rapid growth of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic across the globe, therapeutic attention must be directed to fight the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, developing new antiviral drugs ... ...

    Abstract With the rapid growth of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic across the globe, therapeutic attention must be directed to fight the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, developing new antiviral drugs and vaccines is time-consuming, so one of the best solutions to tackle this virus at present is to repurpose ready-to-use drugs. This paper proposes the repurposing of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved, purchasable, and naturally occurring drugs for preventive and therapeutic use. We propose to design a dual-inhibitor for the SARS-CoV-2 cysteine proteases-3 Chemotrypsin-like protease or main protease (3CL
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2665-928X
    ISSN (online) 2665-928X
    DOI 10.1016/j.crstbi.2020.12.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Structure-Based Design of Novel Peptidomimetics Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.

    Alagumuthu, Manikandan / Rajpoot, Sajjan / Baig, Mirza S

    Cellular and molecular bioengineering

    2020  Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) 177–185

    Abstract: Purpose: SARS-CoV-2 is a SARS-like novel coronavirus strain first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The virus has since spread globally, resulting in the current ongoing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: SARS-CoV-2 is a SARS-like novel coronavirus strain first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The virus has since spread globally, resulting in the current ongoing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is a critical factor in the COVID-19 pathogenesis
    Methods: We utilized the information from ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 binary interactions, and based on crucial interacting interface residues, novel peptidomimetics were designed.
    Results: Top scoring peptidomimetics were found to bind at the ACE2 binding site of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
    Conclusions: The current studies could pave the way for further investigations of these novel and potent compounds against the SARS-CoV-2.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2416037-4
    ISSN 1865-5033 ; 1865-5025
    ISSN (online) 1865-5033
    ISSN 1865-5025
    DOI 10.1007/s12195-020-00658-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Investigating theobromine as a potential anti-human coronaviral agent.

    Li, Jiajing / Wang, Yining / Rajpoot, Sajjan / Lavrijsen, Marla / Pan, Qiuwei / Li, Pengfei / Baig, Mirza S

    Microbiology and immunology

    2023  Volume 67, Issue 9, Page(s) 404–412

    Abstract: Coronaviruses (CoVs) have long been known to infect humans, mainly alpha-CoV and beta-CoV. The vaccines developed for SARS-CoV-2 are likely not effective against other coronavirus species, whereas the risk of the emergence of new strains that may cause ... ...

    Abstract Coronaviruses (CoVs) have long been known to infect humans, mainly alpha-CoV and beta-CoV. The vaccines developed for SARS-CoV-2 are likely not effective against other coronavirus species, whereas the risk of the emergence of new strains that may cause the next epidemic/pandemic is high. The development of antiviral drugs that are effective across different CoVs represents a viable strategy for improving pandemic preparedness. In this study, we aim to identify pan-coronaviral agents by targeting the conserved main protease (Mpro). For drug screening, the catalytic dyad of four human CoVs (HCoVs: SARS-CoV-2, and seasonal CoV NL63, OC43, and 229E) was targeted by molecular docking. The identified leading candidate theobromine, a xanthine derivative, was further tested in cell culture models of coronavirus infection. Theobromine binds strongly with the catalytic dyad (His41 and Cys144/145) of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 Mpro, mildly with HCoV-OC43, but not with HCoV-229E. However, theobromine only shows dose-dependent inhibition in Calu3 cells inoculated with SARS-CoV-2, but not in cells inoculated with seasonal CoVs. Theobromine exerts antiviral activity against coronavirus infections potentially through targeting Mpro. However, the antiviral potency is distinct among different CoVs.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Theobromine/pharmacology ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Theobromine (OBD445WZ5P) ; Antiviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-06
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 224792-6
    ISSN 1348-0421 ; 0385-5600
    ISSN (online) 1348-0421
    ISSN 0385-5600
    DOI 10.1111/1348-0421.13086
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: TIRAP-mediated activation of p38 MAPK in inflammatory signaling.

    Rajpoot, Sajjan / Kumar, Ashutosh / Zhang, Kam Y J / Gan, Siew Hua / Baig, Mirza S

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 5601

    Abstract: The role of TIRAP (toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adapter protein) in macrophage inflammatory signalling has been significantly evolved since its discovery in 2001 due to its dynamic nature and subcellular localization to regulate ... ...

    Abstract The role of TIRAP (toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adapter protein) in macrophage inflammatory signalling has been significantly evolved since its discovery in 2001 due to its dynamic nature and subcellular localization to regulate multiple signaling through several protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Structural analysis of these interactions can reveal a better understanding of their conformational dynamics and the nature of their binding. Tyrosine phosphorylation in the TIR domain of TIRAP is very critical for its function. In toll-like receptor (TLR) 4/2 signalling, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and Protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) are known to phosphorylate the Y86, Y106, Y159, and Y187 of TIRAP which is crucial for the downstream function of MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) activation. The objective of this study is to understand the interaction of TIRAP with p38 MAPK through molecular docking and identify the importance of TIRAP tyrosine phosphorylation in p38 MAPK interaction. In this structural study, we performed an in-silico molecular docking using HADDOCK 2.4, pyDockWEB, ClusPro 2.0, and ZDOCK 3.0.2 tools to unravel the interaction between TIRAP and p38 MAPK. Further, manual in-silico phosphorylations of TIRAP tyrosines; Y86, Y106, Y159, and Y187 was created in the Discovery Studio tool to study the conformational changes in protein docking and their binding affinities with p38 MAPK in comparison to non-phosphorylated state. Our molecular docking and 500 ns of molecular dynamic (MD) simulation study demonstrates that the Y86 phosphorylation (pY86) in TIRAP is crucial in promoting the higher binding affinity (∆G
    MeSH term(s) Membrane Glycoproteins ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Phosphorylation ; Receptors, Interleukin-1 ; Signal Transduction ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Membrane Glycoproteins ; Receptors, Interleukin-1 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-09528-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Repurposing dyphylline as a pan-coronavirus antiviral therapy.

    Wang, Yining / Rajpoot, Sajjan / Li, Pengfei / Lavrijsen, Marla / Ma, Zhongren / Hirani, Nik / Saqib, Uzma / Pan, Qiuwei / Baig, Mirza S

    Future medicinal chemistry

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 10, Page(s) 685–699

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    MeSH term(s) Antiviral Agents/chemistry ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; Drug Repositioning ; Dyphylline ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Dyphylline (263T0E9RR9)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1756-8927
    ISSN (online) 1756-8927
    DOI 10.4155/fmc-2021-0311
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Dorzolamide suppresses PKCδ -TIRAP-p38 MAPK signaling axis to dampen the inflammatory response.

    Rajpoot, Sajjan / Kumar, Ashutosh / Gaponenko, Vadim / Thurston, Teresa Lm / Mehta, Dolly / Faisal, Syed M / Zhang, Kam Yj / Jha, Hem C / Darwhekar, Gajanan N / Baig, Mirza S

    Future medicinal chemistry

    2023  

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1756-8927
    ISSN (online) 1756-8927
    DOI 10.4155/fmc-2022-0260
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: TIRAP-mediated activation of p38 MAPK in inflammatory signaling

    Sajjan Rajpoot / Ashutosh Kumar / Kam Y. J. Zhang / Siew Hua Gan / Mirza S. Baig

    Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2022  Volume 15

    Abstract: Abstract The role of TIRAP (toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adapter protein) in macrophage inflammatory signalling has been significantly evolved since its discovery in 2001 due to its dynamic nature and subcellular localization to ... ...

    Abstract Abstract The role of TIRAP (toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adapter protein) in macrophage inflammatory signalling has been significantly evolved since its discovery in 2001 due to its dynamic nature and subcellular localization to regulate multiple signaling through several protein–protein interactions (PPIs). Structural analysis of these interactions can reveal a better understanding of their conformational dynamics and the nature of their binding. Tyrosine phosphorylation in the TIR domain of TIRAP is very critical for its function. In toll-like receptor (TLR) 4/2 signalling, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and Protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) are known to phosphorylate the Y86, Y106, Y159, and Y187 of TIRAP which is crucial for the downstream function of MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) activation. The objective of this study is to understand the interaction of TIRAP with p38 MAPK through molecular docking and identify the importance of TIRAP tyrosine phosphorylation in p38 MAPK interaction. In this structural study, we performed an in-silico molecular docking using HADDOCK 2.4, pyDockWEB, ClusPro 2.0, and ZDOCK 3.0.2 tools to unravel the interaction between TIRAP and p38 MAPK. Further, manual in-silico phosphorylations of TIRAP tyrosines; Y86, Y106, Y159, and Y187 was created in the Discovery Studio tool to study the conformational changes in protein docking and their binding affinities with p38 MAPK in comparison to non-phosphorylated state. Our molecular docking and 500 ns of molecular dynamic (MD) simulation study demonstrates that the Y86 phosphorylation (pY86) in TIRAP is crucial in promoting the higher binding affinity (∆Gbind) with p38 MAPK. The conformational changes due to the tyrosine phosphorylation mainly at the Y86 site pull the TIRAP closer to the active site in the kinase domain of p38 MAPK and plays a significant role at the interface site which is reversed in its dephosphorylated state. The heatmap of interactions between the TIRAP and p38 MAPK after the MD ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 500
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Structural analysis of spike proteins from SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern highlighting their functional alterations.

    Solanki, Kundan / Rajpoot, Sajjan / Kumar, Ashutosh / J Zhang, Kam Y / Ohishi, Tomokazu / Hirani, Nik / Wadhonkar, Khandu / Patidar, Pramod / Pan, Qiuwei / Baig, Mirza S

    Future virology

    2022  

    Abstract: Aim: ...

    Abstract Aim:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2254606-6
    ISSN 1746-0808 ; 1746-0794
    ISSN (online) 1746-0808
    ISSN 1746-0794
    DOI 10.2217/fvl-2022-0003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Identification of a Potential Peptide Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Targeting its Entry into the Host Cells.

    Baig, Mirza S / Alagumuthu, Manikandan / Rajpoot, Sajjan / Saqib, Uzma

    Drugs in R&D

    2020  Volume 20, Issue 3, Page(s) 161–169

    Abstract: Background and objective: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to the incessant spread of the disease with substantial morbidity and mortality rates, there is ... ...

    Abstract Background and objective: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to the incessant spread of the disease with substantial morbidity and mortality rates, there is an urgent demand for effective therapeutics and vaccines to control and diminish this pandemic. A critical step in the crosstalk between the virus and the host cell is the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor present on the surface of the host cells. Hence, inhibition of this interaction could be a promising strategy to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    Methods: Docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation studies revealed that designed peptide maintains their secondary structure and provide a highly specific and stable binding (blocking) to SARS-CoV-2.
    Results: We have designed a novel peptide that could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interaction with ACE2, thereby blocking the cellular entry of the virus.
    Conclusion: Our findings suggest that computationally developed inhibitory peptide may be developed as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We further plan to pursue the peptide in cell-based assays and eventually for clinical trials.
    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; Betacoronavirus/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Peptides/pharmacology ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; Viral Vaccines/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Peptides ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Viral Vaccines ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-27
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2020476-0
    ISSN 1179-6901 ; 1174-5886
    ISSN (online) 1179-6901
    ISSN 1174-5886
    DOI 10.1007/s40268-020-00312-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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