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Article ; Online: 'She come like a sister to me': a qualitative study of volunteer social support for disadvantaged women in the transition to motherhood in England.

McLeish, Jenny / Redshaw, Maggie

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

2021 Volume 376, Issue 1827, Page(s) 20200023

Abstract: This qualitative study explores the ways in which disadvantaged women benefit from social support from a trained volunteer during pregnancy and the postnatal period, using the theoretical frameworks of stress and coping and a multi-dimensional model of ... ...

Abstract	This qualitative study explores the ways in which disadvantaged women benefit from social support from a trained volunteer during pregnancy and the postnatal period, using the theoretical frameworks of stress and coping and a multi-dimensional model of social support. Forty-seven mothers took part in semi-structured interviews. The mothers, who had received social support through nine volunteer projects in England, faced many potentially stressful challenges besides having a baby (such as poverty, poor housing, histories of abuse, motherhood at a young age, living with physical or mental health difficulties, migration and insecure immigration status). Analysis was in two distinct stages: first, an inductive thematic analysis of mothers' experiences, and second, mapping of the results onto the theoretical frameworks chosen. Volunteers built relationships of trust with mothers and gave skilled emotional support, positive appraisal support, informational support and practical support according to mothers' individual needs, thereby assisting mothers exposed to multiple stressors with problem-focused, emotion-focused and perception-focused coping. This helped to reduce social isolation, increase effective access to services and community resources, and build mothers' confidence, self-esteem and self-efficacy. Volunteer social support may have particular salience for mothers who lack structural support and need skilled functional support. This article is part of the theme issue 'Multidisciplinary perspectives on social support and maternal-child health'.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; England ; Female ; Humans ; Mothers/psychology ; Social Support ; Volunteers/psychology ; Volunteers/statistics & numerical data ; Vulnerable Populations/psychology ; Vulnerable Populations/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208382-6
ISSN	1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
ISSN (online)	1471-2970
ISSN	0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
DOI	10.1098/rstb.2020.0023
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Article ; Online: Optimising Elastic Network Models for Protein Dynamics and Allostery: Spatial and Modal Cut-offs and Backbone Stiffness.

Dubanevics, Igors / McLeish, Tom C B

Journal of molecular biology

2022 Volume 434, Issue 17, Page(s) 167696

Abstract: ... Our main results are: (1) balancing B-factor and dispersion-relation predictions, a near-universal optimal ...

Abstract	The family of coarse-grained models for protein dynamics known as Elastic Network Models (ENMs) require careful choice of parameters to represent well experimental measurements or fully-atomistic simulations. The most basic ENM that represents each protein residue by a node at the position of its C-alpha atom, all connected by springs of equal stiffness, up to a cut-off in distance. Even at this level a choice is required of the optimum cut-off distance and the upper limit of elastic normal modes taken in any sum for physical properties, such as dynamic correlation or allosteric effects on binding. Additionally, backbone-enhanced ENM (BENM) may improve the model by allocating a higher stiffness to springs that connect along the protein backbone. This work reports on the effect of varying these three parameters (distance and mode cutoffs, backbone stiffness) on the dynamical structure of three proteins, Catabolite Activator Protein (CAP), Glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (M pro ). Our main results are: (1) balancing B-factor and dispersion-relation predictions, a near-universal optimal value of 8.5 Å is advisable for ENMs; (2) inhomogeneity in elasticity brings the first mode containing spatial structure not well-resolved by the ENM typically within the first 20; (3) the BENM only affects modes in the upper third of the distribution, and, additionally to the ENM, is only able to model the dispersion curve better in this vicinity; (4) BENM does not typically affect fluctuation-allostery, which also requires careful treatment of the effector binding to the host protein to capture.
MeSH term(s)	Allosteric Regulation ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/chemistry ; Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein/chemistry ; Elasticity ; Glutathione Transferase/chemistry ; Humans ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Protein Conformation
Chemical Substances	Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein ; Glutathione Transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) ; 3C-like proteinase, SARS-CoV-2 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases (EC 3.4.22.28)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80229-3
ISSN	1089-8638 ; 0022-2836
ISSN (online)	1089-8638
ISSN	0022-2836
DOI	10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167696
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Article ; Online: A theory for heterogeneous states of polymer melts produced by single chain crystal melting.

McLeish, T C B

Soft matter

2020 Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 83–87

Abstract: We consider the polymer physics of a possible molecular mechanism for disentangled melt states observed recently. We find that the route from molten, but only marginally-overlapping single crystals to the equilibrium state must pass over a free-energy ... ...

Abstract	We consider the polymer physics of a possible molecular mechanism for disentangled melt states observed recently. We find that the route from molten, but only marginally-overlapping single crystals to the equilibrium state must pass over a free-energy barrier that becomes large at high molecular weights. The penalty arises from elastic distortions of the entanglement network as the chains diffuse. A critical molecular weight arises naturally from the competition of elastic distortion and the free-energy of confinement. We calculate the barrier and critical molecular weight at both a simple single-chain level, and at a "one-loop" level of co-operative motion, finding that many-chain effects alter the physics quantitatively, but not qualitatively. Several new experiments are suggested.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2191476-X
ISSN	1744-6848 ; 1744-683X
ISSN (online)	1744-6848
ISSN	1744-683X
DOI	10.1039/b611620e
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Article ; Online: Computational analysis of dynamic allostery and control in the SARS-CoV-2 main protease.

Dubanevics, Igors / McLeish, Tom C B

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface

2021 Volume 18, Issue 174, Page(s) 20200591

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has no publicly available vaccine or antiviral drugs at the time of writing. An attractive coronavirus drug target is the main protease ( ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has no publicly available vaccine or antiviral drugs at the time of writing. An attractive coronavirus drug target is the main protease (M
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/virology ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; SARS-CoV-2/enzymology ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; Thermodynamics ; Viral Proteases/chemistry ; Viral Proteases/drug effects ; Viral Proteases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Viral Proteases (EC 3.4.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2156283-0
ISSN	1742-5662 ; 1742-5689
ISSN (online)	1742-5662
ISSN	1742-5689
DOI	10.1098/rsif.2020.0591
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Article ; Online: Power Law Stretching of Associating Polymers in Steady-State Extensional Flow.

Schaefer, Charley / McLeish, Tom C B

Physical review letters

2021 Volume 126, Issue 5, Page(s) 57801

Abstract: We present a tube model for the Brownian dynamics of associating polymers in extensional flow. In linear response, the model confirms the analytical predictions for the sticky diffusivity by Leibler-Rubinstein-Colby theory. Although a single-mode Doi- ... ...

Abstract	We present a tube model for the Brownian dynamics of associating polymers in extensional flow. In linear response, the model confirms the analytical predictions for the sticky diffusivity by Leibler-Rubinstein-Colby theory. Although a single-mode Doi-Edwards-Marrucci-Grizzuti approximation accurately describes the transient stretching of the polymers above a "sticky" Weissenberg number (product of the strain rate with the sticky-Rouse time), the preaveraged model fails to capture a remarkable development of a power law distribution of stretch in steady-state extensional flow: while the mean stretch is finite, the fluctuations in stretch may diverge. We present an analytical model that shows how strong stochastic forcing drives the long tail of the distribution, gives rise to rare events of reaching a threshold stretch, and constitutes a framework within which nucleation rates of flow-induced crystallization may be understood in systems of associating polymers under flow. The model also exemplifies a wide class of driven systems possessing strong, and scaling, fluctuations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.057801
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Article ; Online: Uterine Prolapse in Pregnancy: A Review.

Norby, Nicole / Murchison, Amanda B / McLeish, Shian / Ghahremani, Taylor / Whitham, Megan / Magann, Everett F

Obstetrical & gynecological survey

2023 Volume 78, Issue 9, Page(s) 537–543

Abstract: Importance: Although not a common occurrence, uterine prolapse during pregnancy can have significant effects for pregnancy outcomes and quality of life of maternal patients. Most data about management exist as case reports; a review of these cases ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Although not a common occurrence, uterine prolapse during pregnancy can have significant effects for pregnancy outcomes and quality of life of maternal patients. Most data about management exist as case reports; a review of these cases provides some guidance about treatment options. Objectives: This review examines current literature about uterine prolapse during pregnancy to assess current information about this condition, prevalence, diagnosis, management, and outcomes. Evidence acquisition: Electronic databases (PubMed and Embase) were searched using terms "uterine prolapse" AND "pregnancy" AND "etiology" OR "risk factors" OR "diagnosis" OR "therapy" OR "management" limited to the English language and between the years 1980 and October 31, 2022. Results: Upon review of 475 articles, 48 relevant articles were included as well as 6 relevant articles found on additional literature review for a total of 54 articles. Of those articles, 62 individual cases of uterine prolapse in pregnancy were reviewed including pregnancy complications, mode of delivery, and outcomes. Prevalence was noted to be rare, but much more common in second and subsequent pregnancies. Most diagnoses were made based on symptomatic prolapse on examination. Management strategies included bed rest, pessary use, and surgery (typically during the early second trimester). Complications included preterm delivery, patient discomfort, urinary retention, and urinary tract infection. Delivery methods included both cesarean and vaginal deliveries. Conclusions: Although a rare condition, uterine prolapse in pregnancy is readily diagnosed on examination. Reasonable conservative management strategies include observation, attempted reduction of prolapse, and pessary use; if these measures fail, surgical treatment is an option. Relevance: Our review compiles literature and known cases of uterine prolapse during pregnancy and current evidence about prevalence, diagnosis, management, outcomes, and complications of uterine prolapse during pregnancy in order to inform our target audience in their clinical practice.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Uterine Prolapse/diagnosis ; Uterine Prolapse/epidemiology ; Uterine Prolapse/etiology ; Quality of Life ; Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis ; Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology ; Pregnancy Complications/etiology ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391345-4
ISSN	1533-9866 ; 0029-7828
ISSN (online)	1533-9866
ISSN	0029-7828
DOI	10.1097/OGX.0000000000001192
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Article ; Online: Predicting Uterine Rupture Risk Using Lower Uterine Segment Measurement During Pregnancy With Cesarean History: How Reliable Is It? A Review.

McLeish, Shian F / Murchison, Amanda B / Smith, Dora M / Ghahremani, Taylor / Johnson, Isaiah M / Magann, Everett F

Obstetrical & gynecological survey

2023 Volume 78, Issue 5, Page(s) 302–308

Abstract: Importance: Uterine rupture during labor is a calamitous event that can result in maternal/neonatal morbidity/mortality. Lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness measurement is a proposed method to determine the risk factor of uterine rupture in women ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Uterine rupture during labor is a calamitous event that can result in maternal/neonatal morbidity/mortality. Lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness measurement is a proposed method to determine the risk factor of uterine rupture in women undergoing trial of labor after cesarean. Does this measurement predict uterine rupture risk? Objectives: This review examines current evidence to determine if a thin LUS ultrasound diagnosis during pregnancy with prior cesarean delivery(s) can reliably predict uterine rupture risk while attempting vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Evidence acquisition: Electronic databases (PubMed and CINAHL) were searched with one limitation of abstracts in English. Search terms used were "lower uterine segment" AND "risk(s)" AND "rupture" OR "dehiscence. Results: After reviewing 164 identified articles, 15 were used in this review. Of the studies including LUS thickness measurement, notable differences were found: gestational age at time of measurement, full thickness measurement versus myometrial thickness, number of sonographers involved, ultrasound technique (transabdominal vs transvaginal), and blinding. Other factors influencing LUS thickness include fetal weight, amniotic fluid volume, and gestational age. The most recent systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that an LUS > 3.65 mm should be safe for a VBAC, 2-3.65 mm is probably safe, and <2 mm identifies a patient at higher risk for uterine rupture/dehiscence. Conclusions: Study heterogeneity, absence of an agreed upon thickness threshold, poor correlation between ultrasound and MRI measurements, or physical cesarean measurements currently make VBAC uterine rupture risk prediction uncertain. Relevance: Our aim is to analyze existing literature to determine if evidence supports LUS measurement in women undergoing VBAC after cesarean to determine risk of uterine rupture.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Infant, Newborn ; Female ; Humans ; Uterine Rupture/diagnosis ; Uterine Rupture/etiology ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods ; Uterus/diagnostic imaging ; Cesarean Section/adverse effects ; Vaginal Birth after Cesarean/adverse effects
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391345-4
ISSN	1533-9866 ; 0029-7828
ISSN (online)	1533-9866
ISSN	0029-7828
DOI	10.1097/OGX.0000000000001143
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Article ; Online: The small molecule CBR-5884 inhibits the

Zhou, Yue / Phelps, Gregory A / Mangrum, Mikayla M / McLeish, Jemma / Phillips, Elise K / Lou, Jinchao / Ancajas, Christelle F / Rybak, Jeffrey M / Oelkers, Peter M / Lee, Richard E / Best, Michael D / Reynolds, Todd B

mBio

2024 , Page(s) e0063324

Abstract: Systemic infections by : Importance: Fungal phosphatidylserine synthase (Cho1) is a logical antifungal target due to its crucial role in the virulence and viability of various fungal pathogens, and since it is absent in humans, drugs targeted at Cho1 ... ...

Abstract	Systemic infections by Importance: Fungal phosphatidylserine synthase (Cho1) is a logical antifungal target due to its crucial role in the virulence and viability of various fungal pathogens, and since it is absent in humans, drugs targeted at Cho1 are less likely to cause toxicity in patients. Using fungal Cho1 as a model, there have been two unsuccessful attempts to discover inhibitors for Cho1 homologs in whole-cell screens prior to this study. The compounds identified in these attempts do not act directly on the protein, resulting in the absence of known Cho1 inhibitors. The significance of our research is that we developed a high-throughput target-based assay and identified the first Cho1 inhibitor, CBR-5884, which acts both on the purified protein and its function in the cell. This molecule acts as a competitive inhibitor with a
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2557172-2
ISSN	2150-7511 ; 2161-2129
ISSN (online)	2150-7511
ISSN	2161-2129
DOI	10.1128/mbio.00633-24
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Article ; Online: Analytical quality assessment and method comparison of immunoassays for the measurement of serum cobalamin and folate in dogs and cats.

McLeish, Susan A / Burt, Kay / Papasouliotis, Kostas

Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc

2019 Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 164–174

Abstract: Serum cobalamin and folate are often measured in cats and dogs as part of laboratory testing for intestinal disease, small intestinal dysbiosis, or exocrine pancreatic deficiency. We performed an analytical validation of human immunoassays for cobalamin ... ...

Abstract	Serum cobalamin and folate are often measured in cats and dogs as part of laboratory testing for intestinal disease, small intestinal dysbiosis, or exocrine pancreatic deficiency. We performed an analytical validation of human immunoassays for cobalamin and folate measurement (AIA-900 analyzer, Tosoh Bioscience) and compared results with those obtained using chemiluminescence assays (Immulite 2000 analyzer, Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics). Accuracy, precision, total observable error (TE
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cats/blood ; Dogs/blood ; Folic Acid/blood ; Humans ; Immunoassay/methods ; Immunoassay/veterinary ; Luminescent Measurements ; Reference Values ; Vitamin B 12/blood
Chemical Substances	Folic Acid (935E97BOY8) ; Vitamin B 12 (P6YC3EG204)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	287603-6
ISSN	1943-4936 ; 1040-6387
ISSN (online)	1943-4936
ISSN	1040-6387
DOI	10.1177/1040638718824073
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Article ; Online: Morphology formation in binary mixtures upon gradual destabilisation.

Schaefer, Charley / Paquay, Stefan / McLeish, Tom C B

Soft matter

2019 Volume 15, Issue 42, Page(s) 8450–8458

Abstract: Spontaneous liquid-liquid phase separation is commonly understood in terms of phenomenological mean-field theories. These theories correctly predict the structural features of the fluid at sufficiently long time scales and wavelengths. However, these ... ...

Abstract	Spontaneous liquid-liquid phase separation is commonly understood in terms of phenomenological mean-field theories. These theories correctly predict the structural features of the fluid at sufficiently long time scales and wavelengths. However, these conditions are not met in various examples in biology and materials science where the mixture is slowly destabilised, and phase separation is strongly affected by critical thermal fluctuations. We propose a mechanism of pretransitional structuring of a mixture that approaches the miscibility gap and predict scaling relations that describe how the characteristic feature size of the emerging morphology decreases with an increasing quench rate. These predictions quantitatively agree with our kinetic Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations of a phase-separating binary mixture, as well as with previously reported experimental observations. We discuss how these predictions are affected by non-conserved order parameters (e.g., due to chemical reactions or alignment of liquid-crystalline molecules), hydrodynamics and active transport.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2191476-X
ISSN	1744-6848 ; 1744-683X
ISSN (online)	1744-6848
ISSN	1744-683X
DOI	10.1039/c9sm01344j
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