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Article ; Online: Challenges in the treatment and prevention of monkeypox infection; A comprehensive review.

Nyame, Jennifer / Punniyakotti, Saranya / Khera, Kanav / Pal, Rashmi Saxena / Varadarajan, Nithya / Sharma, Prachi

2023 Volume 245, Page(s) 106960

Abstract: Human monkeypox (HMPX) is a zoonotic disease, literally meaning that it can be passed on from animals (non-primate) to human (primate). All the reported and recorded cases have been traced back either to international travel or import of African animals. ...

Abstract	Human monkeypox (HMPX) is a zoonotic disease, literally meaning that it can be passed on from animals (non-primate) to human (primate). All the reported and recorded cases have been traced back either to international travel or import of African animals. In the Unites states, sporadic monkeypox cases have been reported in specific over the past 50 years, starting its first identification in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (D.R.C.) in 1970. Due to its extreme versatility, this disease poses threat as a serious public health issue that needs to be monitored, researched and prevented. Data indicate that prior immunization with the smallpox vaccine is beneficial and may provide protection against the monkeypox virus. JYNNEOSTM is a live viral vaccine that has been approved to improve clinical manifestations of the infection. On the other hand, public ignorance about safety precaution towards monkeypox post-COVID is another challenge that needs to be overcome in tackling HMPX as a possible re-emergent infection. This review is a collation of the epidemiology, etiology, transmission, clinical features and treatment of human monkeypox (HMPX).
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology ; Mpox (monkeypox)/prevention & control ; COVID-19 ; Monkeypox virus ; Smallpox Vaccine ; Zoonoses/epidemiology ; Zoonoses/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Smallpox Vaccine
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	210415-5
ISSN	1873-6254 ; 0001-706X
ISSN (online)	1873-6254
ISSN	0001-706X
DOI	10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106960
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Article ; Online: The SARS-CoV-2 Virus could Downregulate Dual Specificity Phosphatase-1 Expression in Oral Cancer: A Plausible Hypothesis that could Explain Oral Cancer Progression in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Post-pandemic Situation.

Ramesh, Rajeswari / Siroraj, Pearlcid / Varadarajan, Saranya / Balaji, Thodur Madapusi / Patil, Shankargouda

The journal of contemporary dental practice

2022 Volume 23, Issue 10, Page(s) 963–964

Abstract: This study explores the downregulation of Dual Specificity Phosphatase-1 (DUSP-1) expression in oral cancer progression during the pandemic and post-pandemic situations. Keywords: COVID-19, Dual specificity phosphatase-1, Oral cancer, SARS-CoV-2. ...

Abstract	This study explores the downregulation of Dual Specificity Phosphatase-1 (DUSP-1) expression in oral cancer progression during the pandemic and post-pandemic situations. Keywords: COVID-19, Dual specificity phosphatase-1, Oral cancer, SARS-CoV-2.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Neoplastic Processes ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1/genetics ; Disease Progression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Chemical Substances	DUSP1 protein, human (EC 3.1.3.48) ; Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 (EC 3.1.3.48)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-01
Publishing country	India
Document type	Editorial
ISSN	1526-3711
ISSN (online)	1526-3711
DOI	10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3334
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Article ; Online: Anticancer Effects of

Varadarajan, Saranya / Madapusi, Balaji Thodur / Narasimhan, Malathi / Pandian, Chamundeeswari Durai / Dhanapal, Sakthisekaran

The journal of contemporary dental practice

2022 Volume 23, Issue 8, Page(s) 839–844

Abstract: Aim: The study aimed to assess the anticancer effects of leaves of the male and female plant and seeds : Materials and methods: Extracts of CO: Results: The ethanol:water extract of : Conclusion: C. papaya: Clinical significance: The ... ...

Abstract	Aim: The study aimed to assess the anticancer effects of leaves of the male and female plant and seeds Materials and methods: Extracts of CO Results: The ethanol:water extract of Conclusion: C. papaya Clinical significance: The anticancer effects of papaya leaves and seeds could be further explored to develop an adjunct therapy for oral cancer to improve prognosis and reduce recurrence rates.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Carica ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck ; Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Plant Leaves ; Head and Neck Neoplasms
Chemical Substances	benzyl isothiocyanate (871J6YOR8Q) ; Plant Extracts ; Antineoplastic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1526-3711
ISSN (online)	1526-3711
DOI	10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3384
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Article: Evaluating fluoride uptake of dentin from different restorative materials at various time intervals - In vitro study.

Mulay, Sanjyot / Galankar, Kunal / Varadarajan, Saranya / Gupta, Archana A

Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research

2021 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 216–222

Abstract: Background: Glass ionomer cement is very popular in clinical practice due to their antibacterial and cariostatic properties, which is totally dependant on the amount of fluoride release and uptake by dentine. The short-term and long-term fluoride uptake ...

Abstract	Background: Glass ionomer cement is very popular in clinical practice due to their antibacterial and cariostatic properties, which is totally dependant on the amount of fluoride release and uptake by dentine. The short-term and long-term fluoride uptake by dentine from commercially available restorative materials like nano-ionomer, zirconia reinforced glass ionomer cement and flowable composite is of clinical interest. Objective: To evaluate and compare Nano-ionomer, Zirconia reinforced glass ionomer, and flowable composite resin for the fluoride uptake by dentin at different time intervals. Results: One-way ANOVA (Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparison Test) was applied to test the comparison of mean values of all parameters compared together. The student's paired 't' test was applied to compare groups. The fluoride uptake was evaluated at 3 days and 42 days. At 3 days dentin showed higher fluoride uptake with Zirconomer (Group Z) as compared to Ketac N100 and SDR Composite which was statistically significant. At 42 days higher fluoride uptake was seen in Ketac N100 (Group K) as compared to Zirconomer and SDR composite which was also statistically significant. Conclusion: Fluoride uptake by dentine was seen in all study materials. Fluoride uptake by dentine at 3 days was seen maximum in Zirconomer, whereas fluoride uptake at 42 days was more in Ketac N100.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2212-4268
ISSN	2212-4268
DOI	10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.12.005
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Article: Used Toothbrush as a Potential Source of Gene Expression Among Subjects With Systemic Disease and Adverse Habits.

G, Manikandan / Govindarajan, Sujatha / Veeraraghavan, Vishnupriya / Varadarajan, Saranya / Balasubramaniam, Arthi / R, Dharshanram

Cureus

2022 Volume 14, Issue 11, Page(s) e31391

Abstract: Purpose To explore the viability of used toothbrush as a source of gene expression and comparison of the same among tobacco, alcohol, diabetic and hypertensive subjects. Materials and methods Fourteen subjects with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( ... ...

Abstract	Purpose To explore the viability of used toothbrush as a source of gene expression and comparison of the same among tobacco, alcohol, diabetic and hypertensive subjects. Materials and methods Fourteen subjects with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension were allocated to Group I, 14 subjects with tobacco and alcohol habits allocated to Group II and 14 healthy subjects allocated to Group III. Genetic materials retrieved from the used toothbrush of the study subjects were assessed for genetic expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), Bcl-2-like protein 4 (BAX), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), G-protein beta-3 (GNB3), and subunit gene and transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results BAX gene showed reduced expression in tobacco and alcohol users (p=0.0497). BCL2, CDK4, and GNB3 showed no significant difference in expression in both the groups and with control. CDKN2A was expressed at a lower level in Group I and II participants. TCF7L2 showed higher expression in Group 2 participants (p=0.001). Conclusion The study concluded that used toothbrush is a reliable source for genetic expression. There was no difference in BCL2, CDK4, and GNB3 gene expression between subjects with systemic disease, adverse habits and healthy controls. There is a downregulation of BAX and upregulation of TCF7L2 gene in subjects with adverse habits.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.31391
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Article ; Online: In-vitro analysis on the potential use of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells on arecoline-induced oral epithelial cells.

Gupta, Archana A / Kheur, Supriya / Varadarajan, Saranya / Rajkumar, Chandini / Patil, Vikrant R

Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)

2022 Volume 39, Issue 5, Page(s) 77

Abstract: To assess the protective role of the secretome of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells on arecoline-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and senescence on epithelial cells of the oral mucosa. Effect of varying concentrations of arecoline extract and ... ...

Abstract	To assess the protective role of the secretome of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells on arecoline-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and senescence on epithelial cells of the oral mucosa. Effect of varying concentrations of arecoline extract and dental pulp mesenchymal stem cell condition media (DPSC-CM) were noted on oral mucosal epithelial cells. MTT assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI assay, and the quantitative gene expressions of BCL2, PUMA, BAD, BAX, CASP3, CASP9, CASP12, TGFB1, CST3, COL1A2, COL3A1, TIMP1, TIMP2, CDH1, and CDH2 were assessed. Oral mucosal epithelial cells exposed only to the arecoline were the control. 50% and 100% DPSC-CM decreased apoptosis-related gene expression in the cells exposed with 25 μM arecoline compared to the control. 50% DPSC-CM attenuated the expression of all fibrotic genes and EMT-related genes. 20% and 100% DPSC-CM showed differential effects on fibrotic and EMT-related genes. DPSC-CM inhibited apoptosis, and attenuated expression of fibrotic and EMT-related genes on arecoline treated human oral epithelial cells.
MeSH term(s)	Apoptosis/genetics ; Arecoline/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cellular Senescence/drug effects ; Cellular Senescence/genetics ; Cellular Senescence/physiology ; Dental Pulp/cytology ; Epithelial Cells/drug effects ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/physiology ; Fibrosis/prevention & control ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/physiology ; Mouth Mucosa/drug effects ; Mouth Mucosa/pathology ; Up-Regulation
Chemical Substances	Arecoline (4ALN5933BH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1201189-7
ISSN	1559-131X ; 0736-0118 ; 1357-0560
ISSN (online)	1559-131X
ISSN	0736-0118 ; 1357-0560
DOI	10.1007/s12032-022-01673-4
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Article ; Online: The SARS-CoV-2 Virus may Remain Viable on Oral Appliances for up to 3 Days?

Balaji, Thodur Madapusi / Varadarajan, Saranya / Raj, A Thirumal / Patil, Shankargouda

The journal of contemporary dental practice

2020 Volume 21, Issue 6, Page(s) 597

Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has created havoc in the world by causing the COVID-19 pandemic. ...

Abstract	The SARS-CoV-2 virus has created havoc in the world by causing the COVID-19 pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1526-3711
ISSN (online)	1526-3711
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Article ; Online: Assessing the

Ramamurthy, Shanmugapriya / Thiagarajan, Kavitha / Varghese, Sheeja / Kumar, Rajesh / Karthick, B Prem / Varadarajan, Saranya / Balaji, Thodur Madapusi

The journal of contemporary dental practice

2022 Volume 23, Issue 4, Page(s) 437–442

Abstract: Background: Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play a vital role in the pathogenesis of various diseases of the oral cavity including periodontal disease. Phytochemicals present in plants with antioxidant (AO) and anti-inflammatory properties ... ...

Abstract	Background: Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play a vital role in the pathogenesis of various diseases of the oral cavity including periodontal disease. Phytochemicals present in plants with antioxidant (AO) and anti-inflammatory properties could aid as a therapeutic adjunct in the management of these diseases. Aim: To assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Materials and methods: Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Results: Both the test substances exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, and aqueous extracts exhibited higher activity than ethanolic extract. Summary and conclusion: The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Humans ; Moringa oleifera/chemistry ; Periodontal Diseases/drug therapy ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Plant Leaves/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Antioxidants ; Plant Extracts
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1526-3711
ISSN (online)	1526-3711
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Article ; Online: Hypothesizing the potential role of melatonin in inhibiting epithelial to mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Madapusi Balaji, Thodur / Varadarajan, Saranya / Jagannathan, Raghunathan / Raj, A Thirumal / Sridhar, Lakshmi Priya / Patil, Shankaragouda

Medical hypotheses

2020 Volume 145, Page(s) 110346

MeSH term(s)	Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Humans ; Melatonin ; Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
Chemical Substances	Melatonin (JL5DK93RCL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	193145-3
ISSN	1532-2777 ; 0306-9877
ISSN (online)	1532-2777
ISSN	0306-9877
DOI	10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110346
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Article ; Online: Reviewing the oral carcinogenic potential of E-cigarettes using the Bradford Hill criteria of causation.

Raj, A Thirumal / Sujatha, Govindarajan / Muruganandhan, Jayanandan / Kumar, S Satish / Bharkavi, Sk Indu / Varadarajan, Saranya / Patil, Shankargouda / Awan, Kamran Habib

Translational cancer research

2022 Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 3142–3152

Abstract: The past decade has seen a surge in the use of e-cigarettes, which has prompted the medical community to assess any associated potential health hazards. A major concern was the risk of cancer. Chemical analysis of e-cigarettes has shown the presence of ... ...

Abstract	The past decade has seen a surge in the use of e-cigarettes, which has prompted the medical community to assess any associated potential health hazards. A major concern was the risk of cancer. Chemical analysis of e-cigarettes has shown the presence of volatile organic compounds with the potential for carcinogenicity. Comparative toxicology analysis has shown e-cigarette to have relatively lower dosages of toxins than conventional combustible cigarettes. Based on comparative analysis, e-cigarettes have been increasingly advocated as a safe alternative to conventional cigarettes. It is vital to recognize that presence of relatively lower toxin level does not preclude carcinogenic potential. The nicotine present in the e-cigarette was presumed to be the major cytotoxic agents, thus nicotine-free e-cigarette was considered as inert. On the contrary, experimental studies on oral cell lines have shown DNA strand breaks on exposure to e-cigarette vapors with or without nicotine. In addition, dysregulations of genes associated with carcinogenic pathways have also been demonstrated in oral tissues exposed to e-cigarette vapors. Despite alarming molecular data, the oral carcinogenic potential of e-cigarette remains unclear, which can be attributed to the lack of long-term prospective and large-scale case-control studies. As e-cigarette users often have other well-established risk factors (conventional cigarette smoking, alcohol, etc.) as associated habits, it is difficult to assess e-cigarette as an independent risk factor for oral cancer. Thus, the present manuscript aims to review the published literature using the Brad Ford Hill criteria of causation to determine the oral carcinogenic potential of e-cigarettes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-18
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2901601-0
ISSN	2219-6803 ; 2218-676X
ISSN (online)	2219-6803
ISSN	2218-676X
DOI	10.21037/tcr.2020.01.23
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