LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 339

Search options

  1. Article ; Online: Sealing-over in a Therapeutic Community.

    McGlashan, Thomas H / Levy, Steven T

    Psychiatry

    2019  Volume 82, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–12

    Abstract: ... style of coping with stress, especially the stress of an acute psychotic break. Work to date (McGlashan ...

    Abstract INTEGRATING and sealing-over are terms that are frequently used to describe a patient's general style of coping with stress, especially the stress of an acute psychotic break. Work to date (McGlashan et al., 1975, 1976, in press; Levy et al., 1975) has defined these terms both clinically and dynamically within the context of a patient's relationship to his own psychosis. Integration and sealingover as concepts have also proved useful in understanding and describing interpersonal and group behavior on an inpatient psychiatric unit. A patient's ultimate style of recovery from an acute psychotic episode results from many forces-internal and environmental. The tendency to either review and assimilate (integrate) or deny and repudiate (seal-over) the often painful affects and ideas prominent during psychosis mobilizes various forces within the patient's social environment. The way in which the therapeutic milieu and patient interact with one another reflects and, in part, determines the manner and degree to which each party comes to master the patient's psychotic experience. This report explores this interaction as observed in an inpatient therapeutic community established to treat acutely schizophrenic patients.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Hospital Units ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Personnel, Hospital ; Professional-Patient Relations ; Psychotherapy/methods ; Psychotic Disorders/therapy ; Schizophrenia/therapy ; Therapeutic Community
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Classical Article ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209433-2
    ISSN 1943-281X ; 0033-2747
    ISSN (online) 1943-281X
    ISSN 0033-2747
    DOI 10.1080/00332747.2019.1594437
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  2. Article ; Online: Measures of Subjective Memory for People with Epilepsy: A Systematic Review of Measurement Properties.

    Thompson, Kate / Lo, Ada H Y / McGlashan, Hannah L / Ownsworth, Tamara / Haslam, Catherine / Pegna, Alan / Reutens, David C

    Neuropsychology review

    2023  Volume 34, Issue 1, Page(s) 67–97

    Abstract: People with epilepsy frequently express concern about the burden of memory problems in their everyday lives. Self-report memory questionnaires may provide valuable insight into individuals' perceptions of their everyday memory performance and changes ... ...

    Abstract People with epilepsy frequently express concern about the burden of memory problems in their everyday lives. Self-report memory questionnaires may provide valuable insight into individuals' perceptions of their everyday memory performance and changes over time. Yet, despite their potential utility, the measurement properties of self-report memory questionnaires have not been evaluated in epilepsy. This systematic review aimed to provide a critical appraisal of the measurement properties of self-report memory questionnaires for adults with epilepsy. Following protocol registration (PROSPERO CRD42020210967), a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsychInfo from database inception until 27 May 2021 was conducted. Eligible studies were published in English-language peer-reviewed journals, recruited adults with epilepsy, and reported on the development or evaluation of the measurement properties of a self-report memory questionnaire. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology was used to evaluate each study of a measurement property, and results were qualitatively synthesised. In total, 80 articles and one test manual were located containing 153 studies of measurement properties pertinent to 23 self-report memory questionnaires. Overall, no scale could be recommended outright for the evaluation of subjective memory symptoms in adults with epilepsy. This was due to the near absence of dedicated content validation studies relevant to this population and shortcomings in the methodology and scientific reporting of available studies of structural validity. Recommendations to support the advancement and psychometric validation of self-report memory questionnaires for people with epilepsy are provided.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Psychometrics ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Epilepsy ; Reproducibility of Results
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1062572-0
    ISSN 1573-6660 ; 1040-7308
    ISSN (online) 1573-6660
    ISSN 1040-7308
    DOI 10.1007/s11065-022-09568-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  3. Article ; Online: Risk of violent behaviour in young people at clinical high risk for psychosis from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies consortium.

    Tronick, Lauren N / Mirzakhanian, Heline / Addington, Jean / Bearden, Carrie E / Cannon, Tyrone D / Cornblatt, Barbara A / Keshavan, Matcheri / Mathalon, Daniel H / McGlashan, Thomas H / Perkins, Diana O / Stone, William / Tsuang, Ming T / Walker, Elaine F / Woods, Scott W / Cadenhead, Kristin S

    Early intervention in psychiatry

    2023  Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) 759–770

    Abstract: Aim: Although violent behaviour has been studied in schizophrenia, violence risk has received little attention in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). This manuscript aims to report and discuss the overall results of the Structured ... ...

    Abstract Aim: Although violent behaviour has been studied in schizophrenia, violence risk has received little attention in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). This manuscript aims to report and discuss the overall results of the Structured Assessment for Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) from the NAPLS-3 project to explore the risk of violence in CHR youth and to determine the relationship between SAVRY violence risk scores, psychosis risk symptoms, and global functioning. We hypothesized that CHR young people are at higher risk of violence as compared to healthy comparison participants due to a similarity between risk factors for psychosis and risk factors for violence, and that this risk is associated with greater severity of symptoms, poor functioning, and risk for conversion to psychosis.
    Methods: Participants from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study consortium phase 3 (NAPLS-3) included 684 CHR and 96 HC. Assessments included the Structural Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY), clinical and functional measures.
    Results: The majority of participants across groups were deemed to be at low risk for violence. There were significantly more CHR participants (29.8%) who had moderate or high scores on the SAVRY Summary Risk Rating compared to HC participants (3.1%). Low versus moderate-high SAVRY scores were associated with better social (p < .005) and role (p < .002) functioning and fewer positive (p < .002), negative (p < .002), disorganized (p < .01) and general symptoms (p < .002). CHR participants with higher SAVRY scores were more likely to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, ADHD and substance misuse. Among CHR, overall violence risk was not associated with conversion to psychosis. However, those who converted to psychosis scored lower on the protective factors index, primarily driven by less prosocial involvement and fewer resilient personality traits.
    Conclusions: This is the first study to assess violence risk in CHR adolescents. Violence risk factors overlap with risk factors for psychosis in general, perhaps accounting for the association. These findings have implications for intervention efforts to reduce violence risk and bolster resiliency in CHR youth.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis ; Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology ; Schizophrenia/diagnosis ; Risk Factors ; North America ; Prodromal Symptoms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-10
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2272425-4
    ISSN 1751-7893 ; 1751-7885
    ISSN (online) 1751-7893
    ISSN 1751-7885
    DOI 10.1111/eip.13369
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  4. Article: The impact of early factors on persistent negative symptoms in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis.

    Devoe, Daniel J / Lui, Lu / Cannon, Tyrone D / Cadenhead, Kristin Suzanne / Cornblatt, Barbara A / Keshavan, Matcheri / McGlashan, Tom H / Perkins, Diana O / Seidman, Larry J / Stone, William S / Tsuang, Ming T / Woods, Scott W / Walker, Elaine F / Mathalon, Daniel H / Bearden, Carrie E / Addington, Jean

    Frontiers in psychiatry

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1125168

    Abstract: Introduction: Persistent negative symptoms (PNS) are described as continuing moderate negative symptoms. More severe negative symptoms have been associated with poor premorbid functioning in both chronic schizophrenia and first episode psychosis ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Persistent negative symptoms (PNS) are described as continuing moderate negative symptoms. More severe negative symptoms have been associated with poor premorbid functioning in both chronic schizophrenia and first episode psychosis patients. Furthermore, youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for developing psychosis may also present with negative symptoms and poor premorbid functioning. The aim of this current study was to: (1) define the relationship between PNS and premorbid functioning, life events, trauma and bullying, previous cannabis use, and resource utilization, and (2) to examine what explanatory variables best predicted PNS.
    Method: CHR participants (
    Results: There was significantly more males in the PNS group. Participants with PNS had significantly lower levels of premorbid adjustment in childhood, early adolescence, and late adolescence, compared to CHR participants without PNS. There were no differences between the groups in terms of trauma, bullying, and resource utilization. The non-PNS group had more cannabis use and more desirable and non-desirable life events.
    Conclusion: In terms of better understanding relationships between early factors and PNS, a prominent factor associated with PNS was premorbid functioning, in particular poor premorbid functioning in later adolescence.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564218-2
    ISSN 1664-0640
    ISSN 1664-0640
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1125168
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  5. Article ; Online: Ethnoracial discrimination and the development of suspiciousness symptoms in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis.

    Michaels, Timothy I / Carrión, Ricardo E / Addington, Jean / Bearden, Carrie E / Cadenhead, Kristin S / Cannon, Tyrone D / Keshavan, Matcheri / Mathalon, Daniel H / McGlashan, Thomas H / Perkins, Diana O / Seidman, Larry J / Stone, William S / Tsuang, Ming T / Walker, Elaine F / Woods, Scott W / Cornblatt, Barbara A

    Schizophrenia research

    2023  Volume 254, Page(s) 125–132

    Abstract: Background and hypothesis: While individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis experience higher levels of discrimination than healthy controls, it is unclear how these experiences contribute to the etiology of attenuated positive symptoms. The ... ...

    Abstract Background and hypothesis: While individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis experience higher levels of discrimination than healthy controls, it is unclear how these experiences contribute to the etiology of attenuated positive symptoms. The present study examined the association of perceived discrimination with positive symptoms in a cohort from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS2). It predicted that CHR individuals will report higher levels of lifetime and past year perceived discrimination related to their race and ethnicity (ethnoracial discrimination) and that this form of discrimination will be significantly associated with baseline positive symptoms.
    Study design: Participants included 686 CHR and 252 healthy controls. The present study examined data from the perceived discrimination (PD) scale, the Brief Core Schema Scale, and the Scale for the Psychosis-Risk Symptoms. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine whether negative schema of self and others mediated the relation of past year ethnoracial PD to baseline suspiciousness symptoms.
    Results: CHR individuals report higher levels of past year and lifetime PD compared to healthy controls. Lifetime ethnoracial PD was associated with suspiciousness and total positive symptoms. Negative schema of self and others scores partially mediated the relation of past year ethnoracial PD to suspiciousness, one of five positive symptom criteria for CHR.
    Conclusions: For CHR individuals, past year ethnoracial discrimination was associated with negative beliefs about themselves and others, which was associated with suspiciousness. These findings contribute to an emerging literature characterizing the mechanisms by which discrimination contributes to the positive symptoms characterizing the CHR syndrome.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Prodromal Symptoms ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis ; Ethnicity ; Latent Class Analysis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-27
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639422-x
    ISSN 1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
    ISSN (online) 1573-2509
    ISSN 0920-9964
    DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.021
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  6. Article: Premorbid adjustment, onset types, and prognostic scaling: still informative?

    McGlashan, T H

    Schizophrenia bulletin

    2008  Volume 34, Issue 5, Page(s) 801–805

    Abstract: Efforts emerged to describe, quantify, and predict prognosis once it became clear that the outcomes of Kraepelinian dementia praecox could vary. The concepts and scales that have evolved focus on types of premorbid adjustment and illness onset. Enduring ... ...

    Abstract Efforts emerged to describe, quantify, and predict prognosis once it became clear that the outcomes of Kraepelinian dementia praecox could vary. The concepts and scales that have evolved focus on types of premorbid adjustment and illness onset. Enduring highlights of this literature will be described, and its current and future utility will be discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mental Health Services ; Prognosis ; Schizophrenia/classification ; Schizophrenia/diagnosis ; Schizophrenia/therapy ; Social Adjustment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-06-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 439173-1
    ISSN 1745-1701 ; 0586-7614
    ISSN (online) 1745-1701
    ISSN 0586-7614
    DOI 10.1093/schbul/sbn073
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  7. Article ; Online: Negative Symptom Trajectories in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Differences Based on Deficit Syndrome, Persistence, and Transition Status.

    Tran, Tanya / Spilka, Michael J / Raugh, Ian M / Strauss, Gregory P / Bearden, Carrie E / Cadenhead, Kristin S / Cannon, Tyrone D / Cornblatt, Barbara A / Keshavan, Matcheri / Mathalon, Daniel H / McGlashan, Thomas H / Perkins, Diana O / Seidman, Larry J / Stone, William S / Tsuang, Ming T / Walker, Elaine F / Woods, Scott W / Addington, Jean M

    Schizophrenia bulletin open

    2023  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) sgad014

    Abstract: Background and hypothesis: Negative symptom trajectory in clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis is ill defined. This study aimed to better characterize longitudinal patterns of change in negative symptoms, moderators of change, and differences in ... ...

    Abstract Background and hypothesis: Negative symptom trajectory in clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis is ill defined. This study aimed to better characterize longitudinal patterns of change in negative symptoms, moderators of change, and differences in trajectories according to clinical subgroups. We hypothesized that negative symptom course will be nonlinear in CHR. Clinical subgroups known to be more severe variants of psychotic illness-deficit syndrome (DS), persistent negative syndrome (PNS), and acute psychosis onset-were expected to show more severe baseline symptoms, slower rates of change, and less stable rates of symptom resolution.
    Study design: Linear, curvilinear, and stepwise growth curve models, with and without moderators, were fitted to negative symptom ratings from the NAPLS-3 CHR dataset (
    Study results: Negative symptoms followed a downward curvilinear trend, with marked improvement 0-6 months that subsequently stabilized (6-24 months), particularly among those with lower IQ and functioning. Clinical subgroups had higher baseline ratings, but distinct symptom courses; DS vs non-DS: more rapid initial improvement, similar stability of improvements; PNS vs non-PNS: similar rates of initial improvement and stability; transition vs no transition: slower rate of initial improvement, with greater stability of this rate.
    Conclusions: Continuous, frequent monitoring of negative symptoms in CHR is justified by 2 important study implications: (1) The initial 6 months of CHR program enrollment may be a key window for improving negative symptoms as less improvement is likely afterwards, (2) Early identification of clinical subgroups may inform distinct negative symptom trajectories and treatment needs.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2632-7899
    ISSN (online) 2632-7899
    DOI 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgad014
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  8. Article: At issue: is natural selection rendering schizophrenia less severe?

    McGlashan, T H

    Schizophrenia bulletin

    2006  Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 428–429

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Schizophrenia/genetics ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology ; Selection, Genetic ; Severity of Illness Index ; Time Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 439173-1
    ISSN 1745-1701 ; 0586-7614
    ISSN (online) 1745-1701
    ISSN 0586-7614
    DOI 10.1093/schbul/sbj081
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  9. Article ; Online: Bullying in clinical high risk for psychosis participants from the NAPLS-3 cohort.

    Braun, Amy / Liu, Lu / Bearden, Carrie E / Cadenhead, Kristin S / Cornblatt, Barbara A / Keshavan, Matcheri / Mathalon, Daniel H / McGlashan, Thomas H / Perkins, Diana O / Seidman, Larry J / Stone, William / Tsuang, Ming T / Walker, Elaine F / Woods, Scott W / Cannon, Tyrone D / Addington, Jean

    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology

    2022  Volume 57, Issue 7, Page(s) 1379–1388

    Abstract: Purpose: Bullying is associated with a heightened risk for poor outcomes, including psychosis. This study aimed to replicate previous findings on bullying prevalence in clinical high-risk (CHR) individuals, to assess the longitudinal course of clinical ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Bullying is associated with a heightened risk for poor outcomes, including psychosis. This study aimed to replicate previous findings on bullying prevalence in clinical high-risk (CHR) individuals, to assess the longitudinal course of clinical and functional variables between bullied and non-bullied CHR and the association of bullying with premorbid functioning, clinical outcome, transition to psychosis and risk of violence.
    Methods: The sample consisted of 691 CHR participants and 96 healthy controls. Participants reported whether they had experienced bullying and how long it had lasted. Assessments included DSM-5 diagnoses, attenuated psychotic symptoms, negative symptoms, social and role functioning, depression, stress, premorbid functioning, and risk of violence. The bullied and non-bullied CHR groups were compared at baseline and further longitudinally on clinical and functioning variables and transition to psychosis.
    Results: Bullying was more prevalent among CHR individuals than healthy controls. Bullied CHR had a higher prevalence of PTSD and more severe depression and stress at baseline than non-bullied CHR. There was no impact of bullying on clinical and functional variables over time. Bullying was not related to final clinical status or transition to psychosis. However, bullied participants had poorer premorbid functioning and a greater risk of violence.
    Conclusion: While bullying may not impact the likelihood of CHR individuals to transition to psychosis, it may be a risk factor for development of the at-risk state and may be related to a greater risk of violence. Future studies should consider bullying perpetration among CHR individuals.
    MeSH term(s) Bullying ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Prodromal Symptoms ; Psychotic Disorders/complications ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis ; Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-03
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 623071-4
    ISSN 1433-9285 ; 0037-7813 ; 0933-7954
    ISSN (online) 1433-9285
    ISSN 0037-7813 ; 0933-7954
    DOI 10.1007/s00127-022-02239-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  10. Article ; Online: Migrant status, clinical symptoms and functional outcome in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis: findings from the NAPLS-3 study.

    Barbato, Mariapaola / Liu, Lu / Bearden, Carrie E / Cadenhead, Kristin S / Cornblatt, Barbara A / Keshavan, Matcheri / Mathalon, Daniel H / McGlashan, Thomas H / Perkins, Diana O / Seidman, Larry J / Stone, William / Tsuang, Ming T / Walker, Elaine F / Woods, Scott W / Cannon, Tyrone D / Addington, Jean

    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology

    2022  Volume 58, Issue 4, Page(s) 559–568

    Abstract: Purpose: Migrant status is a known risk factor for psychosis, but the underlying causes of this vulnerability are poorly understood. Recently, studies have begun to explore whether migrant status predicts transition to psychosis in individuals at ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Migrant status is a known risk factor for psychosis, but the underlying causes of this vulnerability are poorly understood. Recently, studies have begun to explore whether migrant status predicts transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Results, however, have been inconclusive. The present study assessed the impact of migrant status on clinical symptoms and functional outcome in individuals at CHR for psychosis who took part in the NAPLS-3 study.
    Methods: Participants' migrant status was classified as native-born, first-generation, or second-generation migrant. Clinical symptoms were assessed using the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS); functional outcome was measured using the Global Functioning Scales:Social and Role (GF:S; GF:R). Assessments were conducted at baseline, 12-months, 18-months, and 24-months follow-up. Generalized linear mixed models for repeated measures were used to examine changes over time and differences between groups.
    Results: The overall sample included 710 individuals at CHR for psychosis (54.2% males; Age: M = 18.19; SD = 4.04). A mixed model analysis was conducted, and no significant differences between groups in symptoms or functioning were observed at any time point. Over time, significant improvement in symptoms and functioning was observed within each group. Transition rates did not differ across groups.
    Conclusion: We discuss potential factors that might explain the lack of group differences. Overall, migrants are a heterogeneous population. Discerning the impact of migration from that of neighborhood ethnic density, social disadvantage or socio-economic status of different ethnic groups could help better understand vulnerability and resilience to psychosis.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Female ; Transients and Migrants ; Longitudinal Studies ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis ; Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Prodromal Symptoms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-08
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 623071-4
    ISSN 1433-9285 ; 0037-7813 ; 0933-7954
    ISSN (online) 1433-9285
    ISSN 0037-7813 ; 0933-7954
    DOI 10.1007/s00127-022-02383-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

To top