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  1. Book ; Online: A Phase-Field Study on the Effects of Nanoparticles on Solidification and Grain Growth

    Kinzer, Bryan / Chandran, Rohini Bala

    2022  

    Abstract: Nanoparticle reinforced alloys offer the potential of high strength, high temperature alloys. While promising, during rapid solidification processes, alloys suffer from nanoparticle clustering, which can discount any strength benefit. An open-source ... ...

    Abstract Nanoparticle reinforced alloys offer the potential of high strength, high temperature alloys. While promising, during rapid solidification processes, alloys suffer from nanoparticle clustering, which can discount any strength benefit. An open-source phase-field model is developed using PRISMS-PF to explore the impact of nanoparticles and clustering on alloy solidification. Heterogenous nucleation and grain boundary pinning are explicitly included, and a wide range of nanoparticle area fractions and nucleation rates are modeled. At low area fractions less than 0.05, particle clustering increases grain size between 15-45% compared to a random distribution. Our quantitative analyses inform a modified Zener grain size relationship that not only depends on nanoparticle size and area fraction, but also on the nucleation rate. Grain size first drastically decreases before plateauing at higher nucleation rates. Our simulations reveal a strong preference of nanoparticles pinning grain boundaries. Pinning fraction increases rapidly with nucleation rate before saturating between 0.85-0.90. Across the range of area fractions and nucleation rates considered, the random and clustered grain sizes each collapse to a simple analytical expression that depends only on nanoparticle radius and pinning fraction. Comparisons against experimental data reveal the expressions deduced from our analyses fit reported grain sizes better than classic Zener analysis. A simple model of strength and cost tradeoffs indicates nanoparticles can be a cost-effective way to improve alloy strength.
    Keywords Condensed Matter - Materials Science
    Subject code 669
    Publishing date 2022-07-14
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article: Outcomes of Adult Ewing Sarcoma Treated with Multimodality Therapy: A Single-Institute Experience.

    Chandran, Ravi / Kuruva, Siva Prasad / Chennamaneni, Rachana / Bala, Stalin / Konatam, Meher Lakshmi / Gundeti, Sadashivudu

    South Asian journal of cancer

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 191–194

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Introduction
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-04
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2719571-5
    ISSN 2278-4306 ; 2278-330X
    ISSN (online) 2278-4306
    ISSN 2278-330X
    DOI 10.1055/s-0041-1723108
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Harnessing Photoelectrochemistry for Wastewater Nitrate Treatment Coupled with Resource Recovery

    Barrera, Luisa / Bala Chandran, Rohini

    ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering. 2021 Jan. 22, v. 9, no. 10

    2021  

    Abstract: Wastewater is a misplaced resource well suited to recover nutrients, value-added chemicals, energy, and clean water. A photoelectrochemical device is proposed to transform wastewater nitrates to ammonia and nitrous oxide, coupled with water oxidation. ... ...

    Abstract Wastewater is a misplaced resource well suited to recover nutrients, value-added chemicals, energy, and clean water. A photoelectrochemical device is proposed to transform wastewater nitrates to ammonia and nitrous oxide, coupled with water oxidation. Numerical models were developed to quantify the dependence of process efficiencies and nitrogen-removal rates on light absorber band gaps, electrocatalytic kinetic parameters, competing oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions, and the reacting nitrate species concentrations that affect the mass-transfer limited current densities. With a single light-absorber and state-of-the-art catalysts, optimal solar-to-chemical efficiencies of 7% and 10% and nitrogen-removal rates of 260 and 395 gN m–² day–¹ are predicted for nitrate reduction to ammonia and nitrous oxide, respectively. The influence of competing reactions on the performance depends on the nitrate concentration and band gap of the light absorber modeled. Oxygen reduction is more dominant than hydrogen evolution to compete with the nitrate reduction reaction, but it is mass-transfer limited. Even with kinetic parameters that enhanced the driving forces for the competing reactions, the performance is only minimally affected by these reactions for optimally selected band gaps and nitrate concentrations larger than 100 mM. Theoretically predicted peak nitrogen removal rates and specific energy intensities are competitive with reported estimates for electrochemical and Sharon–Anammox processes for ammonia recovery and nitrogen removal, respectively. This result, together with the added benefit of harnessing sunlight to produce value-added products, indicates promise in the photoelectrochemical approach as a tertiary pathway to recover nutrients and energy from wastewater nitrates.
    Keywords ammonia ; electrochemistry ; energy ; green chemistry ; hydrogen production ; mass transfer ; nitrate reduction ; nitrates ; nitrogen ; nitrous oxide ; oxidation ; oxygen ; solar radiation ; specific energy ; value added ; wastewater
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0122
    Size p. 3688-3701.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ISSN 2168-0485
    DOI 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07935
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: Single-Particle Measurements Reveal the Origin of Low Solar-to-Hydrogen Efficiency of Rh-Doped SrTiO

    Zutter, Brian / Chen, Zejie / Barrera, Luisa / Gaieck, William / Lapp, Aliya S / Watanabe, Kenta / Kudo, Akihiko / Esposito, Daniel V / Bala Chandran, Rohini / Ardo, Shane / Talin, A Alec

    ACS nano

    2023  Volume 17, Issue 10, Page(s) 9405–9414

    Abstract: Solar-powered photochemical water splitting using suspensions of photocatalyst nanoparticles is an attractive route for economical production of green hydrogen. ... ...

    Abstract Solar-powered photochemical water splitting using suspensions of photocatalyst nanoparticles is an attractive route for economical production of green hydrogen. SrTiO
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1936-086X
    ISSN (online) 1936-086X
    DOI 10.1021/acsnano.3c01448
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Exploring the Potential of Bee-Derived Antioxidants for Maintaining Oral Hygiene and Dental Health: A Comprehensive Review.

    Choudhary, Poonam / Tushir, Surya / Bala, Manju / Sharma, Sanjula / Sangha, Manjeet Kaur / Rani, Heena / Yewle, Nileshwari Raju / Kumar, Parminder / Singla, Diksha / Chandran, Deepak / Kumar, Manoj / Mekhemar, Mohamed

    Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 7

    Abstract: Honey bee products comprise various compounds, including honey, propolis, royal jelly, bee pollen, bee wax and bee venom, which have long been recognized for their pharmacological and health-promoting benefits. Scientists have discovered that periodontal ...

    Abstract Honey bee products comprise various compounds, including honey, propolis, royal jelly, bee pollen, bee wax and bee venom, which have long been recognized for their pharmacological and health-promoting benefits. Scientists have discovered that periodontal disorders stem from dental biofilm, an inflammatory response to bacterial overgrowth produced by dysbiosis in the oral microbiome. The bee products have been investigated for their role in prevention of oral diseases, which are attributed to a myriad of biologically active compounds including flavonoids (pinocembrin, catechin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and galangin), phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, p-coumaric, ellagic, caffeic and ferulic acids) and terpenoids. This review aims to update the current understanding of role of selected bee products, namely, honey, propolis and royal jelly, in preventing oral diseases as well as their potential biological activities and mechanism of action in relation to oral health have been discussed. Furthermore, the safety of incorporation of bee products is also critically discussed. To summarize, bee products could potentially serve as a therapy option for people suffering from a variety of oral disorders.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2704216-9
    ISSN 2076-3921
    ISSN 2076-3921
    DOI 10.3390/antiox12071452
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Regional Anaesthesia in a Combat Setting

    Bala Chandran NAMBIAR / Bhavna PAHWA / Moumita GHATAK

    Modern Medicine, Vol 27, Iss 4, Pp 267-

    2020  Volume 272

    Abstract: Background: Recent advances in combat casualty care have contributed significantly to higher survival rates in previously fatal injuries from military trauma. However, most of the literature comes from international data during Operation Enduring Freedom ...

    Abstract Background: Recent advances in combat casualty care have contributed significantly to higher survival rates in previously fatal injuries from military trauma. However, most of the literature comes from international data during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Despite having conflicts, counter insurgency operations spanning over decades, very few studies in Indian scenario have analyzed injuries related to Combat and Military Trauma. Method: A retrospective observational study was done based on the records of management of military trauma cases in a zonal hospital deployed in an operational area. All trauma/ combat casualties over a one year period from Oct 2018 to Oct 2019 were included and data was segregated based on type of mechanism of trauma, limb injuries involved, and choice of anaesthesia given based on type of surgery. Results: Total 371 combat casualties were included in the study, maximum patients had splinter injuries with grenade blast (43.4%), followed by gunshot wounds (39.9%). Other injuries included mine blast (11.3%) and miscellaneous including road traffic accidents (5.4%). Due to predominant involvement of limbs, regional anaesthesia was used most commonly (78%) and general anaesthesia was used only in 23.7% of cases. Conclusion: In our study maximum casualties were peripheral limb injuries both upper and lower limbs. Regional anaesthesia, peripheral nerve blocks for upper limb injuries and sub arachnoid block for lower limb injuries, were more commonly used in comparison to general anaesthesia (GA), while injuries involving body regions other than limbs were performed exclusively under GA.
    Keywords anaesthesia ; combat ; military ; injury ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Media Med Publicis
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Book ; Online: Thermodynamic, Kinetic and Mechanical Modeling to Evaluate CO2-induced Corrosion via Oxidation and Carburization in Fe, Ni alloys

    Sundar, Aditya / Feinauer, Aaron / Kinzer, Bryan / Petrasch, Joerg / Qi, Liang / Chandran, Rohini Bala

    2023  

    Abstract: A computational framework integrating thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanical stress calculations is developed to study supercritical CO2 induced corrosion in model Fe-based MA956 and Ni-based H214 alloys. Empirical models parametrized using ... ...

    Abstract A computational framework integrating thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanical stress calculations is developed to study supercritical CO2 induced corrosion in model Fe-based MA956 and Ni-based H214 alloys. Empirical models parametrized using experimental data show surface oxidation and sub-surface carburization for a wide range of thermodynamic conditions (800-1200 {\deg}C, 1-250 bar). CALPHAD simulations based on empirical models demonstrate higher carburization resistance in H214 compared to MA956 below 900 {\deg}C and through-thickness carburization in both alloys at higher temperatures. Finite element modeling reveals enhanced volumetric misfit induced stresses at oxide and carbide interfaces, and its critical dependence on the carbide chemistry and concentration.
    Keywords Condensed Matter - Materials Science
    Publishing date 2023-05-31
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: IFI16, a nuclear innate immune DNA sensor, mediates epigenetic silencing of herpesvirus genomes by its association with H3K9 methyltransferases SUV39H1 and GLP.

    Roy, Arunava / Ghosh, Anandita / Kumar, Binod / Chandran, Bala

    eLife

    2019  Volume 8

    Abstract: IFI16, an innate immune DNA sensor, recognizes the nuclear episomal herpes viral genomes and induces the inflammasome and interferon-β responses. IFI16 also regulates cellular transcription and act as a DNA virus restriction factor. IFI16 knockdown ... ...

    Abstract IFI16, an innate immune DNA sensor, recognizes the nuclear episomal herpes viral genomes and induces the inflammasome and interferon-β responses. IFI16 also regulates cellular transcription and act as a DNA virus restriction factor. IFI16 knockdown disrupted the latency of Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and induced lytic transcripts. However, the mechanism of IFI16's transcription regulation is unknown. Here, we show that IFI16 is in complex with the H3K9 methyltransferase SUV39H1 and GLP and recruits them to the KSHV genome during de novo infection and latency. The resulting depositions of H3K9me2/me3 serve as a docking site for the heterochromatin-inducing HP1α protein leading into the IFI16-dependent epigenetic modifications and silencing of KSHV lytic genes. These studies suggest that IFI16's interaction with H3K9MTases is one of the potential mechanisms by which IFI16 regulates transcription and establish an important paradigm of an innate immune sensor's involvement in epigenetic silencing of foreign DNA.
    MeSH term(s) Autoantigens/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; DNA, Viral/metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Silencing ; Genes, Viral ; Golgi Matrix Proteins/metabolism ; Herpesvirus 8, Human/growth & development ; Herpesvirus 8, Human/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Methyltransferases/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Multimerization ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Autoantigens ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; DNA, Viral ; GOLGA6A protein, human ; Golgi Matrix Proteins ; Nuclear Proteins ; Phosphoproteins ; Repressor Proteins ; heterochromatin-specific nonhistone chromosomal protein HP-1 (107283-02-3) ; IFI16 protein, human (148998-64-5) ; SUV39H1 protein, human (EC 2.1.1.) ; Methyltransferases (EC 2.1.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.49500
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Book ; Online: Temperature-Dependent Diffuse Reflectance Measurements of Ceramic Powders in the Near- and Mid-Infrared Spectra

    Mayer, J. Michael / Abraham, James A. / Kinzer, Bryan / Chandran, Rohini Bala

    2022  

    Abstract: This study focuses on experimentally measuring temperature-dependent diffuse reflectance in the near- and mid-infrared spectra for ceramic particles with applications as heat-transfer and thermal-storage media in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. ... ...

    Abstract This study focuses on experimentally measuring temperature-dependent diffuse reflectance in the near- and mid-infrared spectra for ceramic particles with applications as heat-transfer and thermal-storage media in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. Specifically, a commercially available sintered bauxite ceramic powder, ACCUCAST ID80, and its primary chemical constituents, alumina (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2), are measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) coupled with a specialized diffuse reflectance accessory and a heated stage. Room-temperature diffuse reflectance measurements show increased absorption in tests with greater mass fractions of the ceramic samples. There is a strong correlation in the measured reflectance spectra of ACCUCAST with alumina and silica in the spectral range 2000-500 cm-1. For the first time, temperature-dependent diffuse reflectance measurements are reported for ACCUCAST, including a novel technique for accessing reflectance values above the limiting temperature of the background material KBr. All three materials exhibit a calculated emittance of ~0.9 at room temperature. However, this value drops to 0.68 at 1000 C for ACCUCAST and ~0.43 for alumina and silica. Thermal cycling in air from 25 C to 1000 C resulted in a visible color change from dark grey to light orange for ACCUCAST and a subsequent 5X greater increase in reflectance at 4000 cm-1 as compared to ACCUCAST thermally cycled at 1000 C in vacuum. Alumina and silica spectra proved to be largely unaffected by thermal cycling under atmospheric and evacuated conditions.
    Keywords Condensed Matter - Materials Science ; Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ; Physics - Optics
    Subject code 660
    Publishing date 2022-04-13
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: IFI16, a nuclear innate immune DNA sensor, mediates epigenetic silencing of herpesvirus genomes by its association with H3K9 methyltransferases SUV39H1 and GLP

    Arunava Roy / Anandita Ghosh / Binod Kumar / Bala Chandran

    eLife, Vol

    2019  Volume 8

    Abstract: IFI16, an innate immune DNA sensor, recognizes the nuclear episomal herpes viral genomes and induces the inflammasome and interferon-β responses. IFI16 also regulates cellular transcription and act as a DNA virus restriction factor. IFI16 knockdown ... ...

    Abstract IFI16, an innate immune DNA sensor, recognizes the nuclear episomal herpes viral genomes and induces the inflammasome and interferon-β responses. IFI16 also regulates cellular transcription and act as a DNA virus restriction factor. IFI16 knockdown disrupted the latency of Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and induced lytic transcripts. However, the mechanism of IFI16’s transcription regulation is unknown. Here, we show that IFI16 is in complex with the H3K9 methyltransferase SUV39H1 and GLP and recruits them to the KSHV genome during de novo infection and latency. The resulting depositions of H3K9me2/me3 serve as a docking site for the heterochromatin-inducing HP1α protein leading into the IFI16-dependent epigenetic modifications and silencing of KSHV lytic genes. These studies suggest that IFI16’s interaction with H3K9MTases is one of the potential mechanisms by which IFI16 regulates transcription and establish an important paradigm of an innate immune sensor’s involvement in epigenetic silencing of foreign DNA.
    Keywords KSHV epigenetics ; IFI16 and KSHV gene silencing ; KSHV latency ; innate sensing ; host methyltransferases ; epigenetic silencing ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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