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Article ; Online: Do blood metals influence lipid profiles? Findings of a cross-sectional population-based survey.

Cakmak, Sabit / Mitchell, Kimberly / Lukina, Anna / Dales, Robert

2023 Volume 231, Issue Pt 2, Page(s) 116107

Abstract: Dyslipidemia, an imbalance of lipids and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, has been associated with elevated blood and urine levels of several heavy metals. Using data from a Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS), we tested associations ... ...

Abstract	Dyslipidemia, an imbalance of lipids and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, has been associated with elevated blood and urine levels of several heavy metals. Using data from a Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS), we tested associations between blood levels of cadmium, copper, mercury, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc, and the lipids triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL) and apolipoproteins A1 (APO A1), and B (APO B). All adjusted associations between single metals and lipids were positive and significant, except for APO A1 and HDL. The joint effect of an interquartile range increase in heavy metals was positively associated with percentage increases of TC, LDL and APO B of 8.82% (95%CI: 7.06, 10.57), 7.01% (95%CI: 2.51, 11.51) and 7.15% (95%CI: 0.51, 13.78), respectively. Future studies are warranted to determine if reducing environmental exposure to heavy metals favorably influences lipid profiles and the risk of cardiovascular disease.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Lipids ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Canada ; Apolipoproteins B ; Triglycerides ; Cholesterol, HDL
Chemical Substances	Lipoproteins ; Lipids ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoproteins B ; Triglycerides ; Cholesterol, HDL
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2023.116107
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Article ; Online: Acute effects of outdoor air pollution on forced expiratory volume in 1 s: a panel study of schoolchildren with asthma.

Dales, R / Chen, L / Frescura, A M / Liu, L / Villeneuve, P J

The European respiratory journal

2009 Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 316–323

Abstract: ... We recorded morning and evening forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) for 28 consecutive days in 182 ...

Abstract	Urban air pollution has been associated with morbidity but little information exists on how it affects diurnal variation of lung function in children with asthma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of traffic-related pollution on lung function among children with asthma. We recorded morning and evening forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) for 28 consecutive days in 182 elementary schoolchildren with physician-diagnosed asthma, and monitored ambient hourly air pollution concentrations. An interquartile range (IQR) increase (6.0 microg m(-3)) in the previous 24-h (20:00 h to 20:00 h) mean concentration of fine particulate matter 2.5 microm in diameter (PM(2.5)) was associated with a 0.54% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06-1.02) decrease in bedtime FEV(1) (p = 0.027). This association persisted in two-pollutant models with ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide. An IQR increase in mean daytime (08:00 h to 20:00 h) PM(2.5) of 6.5 microg m(-3) was associated with a 0.73% (95% CI 0.10-1.37) decrease in FEV(1) over the course of the day expressed as 100 x (FEV(1) bedtime - FEV(1) morning)/FEV(1) morning (p = 0.024). This study suggests that, in children with asthma, relatively low concentrations of urban air pollution worsen lung function over a short period of time, even within a day. Of the pollutants measured, PM(2.5 )appears to be the most important.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Air Pollutants ; Air Pollution ; Asthma/diagnosis ; Asthma/etiology ; Child ; Cities ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis ; Ozone/analysis ; Sulfur Dioxide/analysis
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Sulfur Dioxide (0UZA3422Q4) ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N) ; Nitrogen Dioxide (S7G510RUBH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	639359-7
ISSN	1399-3003 ; 0903-1936
ISSN (online)	1399-3003
ISSN	0903-1936
DOI	10.1183/09031936.00138908
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Article ; Online: The association between blood PFAS concentrations and clinical biochemical measures of organ function and metabolism in participants of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS).

Cakmak, Sabit / Lukina, Anna / Karthikeyan, Subramanian / Atlas, Ella / Dales, Robert

The Science of the total environment

2022 Volume 827, Page(s) 153900

Abstract: Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous and may persist in human tissue for several years. Only a small proportion of PFAS have been studied for human health effects. We tested the association between human blood levels of six PFAS and ...

Abstract	Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous and may persist in human tissue for several years. Only a small proportion of PFAS have been studied for human health effects. We tested the association between human blood levels of six PFAS and several clinical measures of organ and metabolic function in a nationally representative sample of 6768 participants aged 3-79 years old who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Cross-sectional associations were assessed by generalized linear mixed models incorporating survey-specific sampling weights. An increase in perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) equivalent to the magnitude of its geometric mean (GM) of 2.0 μg/L was associated with percentage (95% CI) increases in serum enzymes reflecting liver function: aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 3.7 (1.1, 6.4), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) 11.8 (2.5, 21.8), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 3.2 (0.5, 5.9), and bilirubin 3.6 (2.7, 4.5). A GM increase in perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) of 0.2 μg/L was positively associated with percentage increases in GGT, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, and calcium with respective increases of 15.5 (2.2, 30.4), 7.0 (1.0, 13.2), 10.7 (5.5, 16.1), 2.8 (0.2, 5.3), and 0.8 (0.3, 1.3). PFOA, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), PFDA and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were positively associated with GGT. All six congeners were positively associated with at least one biomarker of lipid metabolism, and 5 of 6, PFOA, PFOS, PFDA, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and PFNA were positively associated with serum calcium. Exposure to selected PFAS is associated with clinical blood tests reflecting metabolism and the function of several organ systems. These relatively small changes may possibly indicate early pathology that is clinically inapparent and may possibly be of significance in a general population or in individuals exposed to very high levels of PFAS.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alkanesulfonic Acids ; Calcium ; Canada ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cholesterol ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Environmental Pollutants ; Fluorocarbons/analysis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Alkanesulfonic Acids ; CHM protein, human ; Environmental Pollutants ; Fluorocarbons ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153900
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Article ; Online: Does ambient air pollution influence biochemical markers of liver injury? Findings of a cross-sectional population-based survey.

Dales, Robert / Mitchell, Kimberly / Lukina, Anna / Brook, Jeffrey / Karthikeyan, Subramanian / Cakmak, Sabit

Chemosphere

2023 Volume 340, Page(s) 139859

Abstract: Background: There is limited evidence supporting an adverse effect of ambient air pollution on the liver.: Objectives: To test the association between exposure to residential air pollution and serum biochemical indicators of liver injury.: Methods!# ...

Abstract	Background: There is limited evidence supporting an adverse effect of ambient air pollution on the liver. Objectives: To test the association between exposure to residential air pollution and serum biochemical indicators of liver injury. Methods: We used a nationally representative sample of 32,989 participants aged 3-79 years old who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey between 2007 and 2019. Cross-sectional associations were assessed by generalized linear mixed models incorporating survey-specific sampling weights. Results: The joint effect of an interquartile range (IQR) increase in nitrogen dioxide (NO Discussion: These findings suggest that ambient air pollution may have a relatively small impact on the liver, but these changes may have significant impact from a population health perspective, considering the ubiquitous nature of air pollution, or for individuals exposed to very high levels of air pollution.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Canada ; Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Liver ; Biomarkers
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139859
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Article ; Online: Activity-related dyspnea in older adults participating in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Verschoor, Chris P / Cakmak, Sabit / Lukina, Anna O / Dales, Robert E

Journal of general internal medicine

2022 Volume 37, Issue 13, Page(s) 3302–3309

Abstract: Background: Dyspnea is associated with functional impairment and impaired quality of life. There is limited information on the potential risk factors for dyspnea in an older adult population.: Objectives: Among older adults aged 45 to 85 years of age, ...

Abstract	Background: Dyspnea is associated with functional impairment and impaired quality of life. There is limited information on the potential risk factors for dyspnea in an older adult population. Objectives: Among older adults aged 45 to 85 years of age, what sociodemographic, environmental, and disease related factors are correlated with dyspnea? Design: We used cross-sectional questionnaire data collected on 28,854 participants of the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging (CLSA). Multinomial regression was used to assess the independent effect of individual variables adjusting for the other variables of interest. Key results: The adjusted odds ratios for dyspnea "walking on flat surfaces" were highest for obesity (OR, 5.71; 95%CI, 4.71-6.93), lung disease (OR, 3.91; 95%CI, 3.41-4.49), and depression (OR, 3.68; 95%CI, 3.15-4.29), and were greater than 2 for lower income, and heart disease. The effect of diabetes remained significant after adjusting for sociodemographics, heart disease and BMI (OR, 1.61; 95%CI, 1.39-1.86). Those with both respiratory disease and depression had a 12.78-fold (95%CI, 10.09-16.19) increased odds of exertional dyspnea, while the corresponding OR for the combination of heart disease and depression was 18.31 (95%CI, 13.4-25.01). Conclusions: In a community sample of older adults, many correlates of dyspnea exist which have significant independent and combined effects. These factors should be considered in the clinical context where dyspnea is out of proportion to the degree of heart and lung disease. Whether or not diabetes may possibly be a risk factor for dyspnea merits further investigation.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aging ; Canada/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dyspnea/epidemiology ; Dyspnea/etiology ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Lung Diseases ; Quality of Life
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639008-0
ISSN	1525-1497 ; 0884-8734
ISSN (online)	1525-1497
ISSN	0884-8734
DOI	10.1007/s11606-021-07374-4
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Article ; Online: Is residential ambient air limonene associated with asthma? Findings from the Canadian Health Measures Survey.

Dales, Robert E / Cakmak, Sabit

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

2018 Volume 244, Page(s) 966–970

Abstract: Asthma is a common chronic disease. Exposure to limonene is commonplace because it may be used in the manufacture of personal care products and household cleaners. We investigated the influence of limonene on asthma in a population-based sample of ... ...

Abstract	Asthma is a common chronic disease. Exposure to limonene is commonplace because it may be used in the manufacture of personal care products and household cleaners. We investigated the influence of limonene on asthma in a population-based sample of approximately 3000 Canadians. During the Canada Health Measures Survey, carried out between 2012 and 2013, participants were asked if they wheezed or had a diagnosis of asthma, and underwent spirometry and measurement of the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). These variables were tested for an association with limonene concentrations measured in their household air samples, using linear regression analysis A 100% increase in air limonene concentration was associated with an approximate 17% adjusted relative increase wheezing with an odds ratio of 1.17 (95%CI 1.16, 1.18). The percent change in FeNO for a 100% increase in limonene was twice as large for children, 2.89% (95% CI 1.88, 4.43) compared to adults, 1.44% (95%CI 1.16, 1.79). Among boys, the odds ratio was 1.50 (95%CI 1.48, 1.52) between a 100% increase in limonene and a diagnosis of asthma. This study provides evidence that household exposure to limonene may increase the prevalence of asthma in the general population.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Breath Tests ; Canada ; Child ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Exhalation ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Limonene/analysis ; Male ; Nitric Oxide/analysis ; Prevalence ; Spirometry
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Limonene (9MC3I34447)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.072
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Article ; Online: The Association Between Air Pollution and Hospitalization of Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Chile: A Daily Time Series Analysis.

Dales, Robert / Blanco-Vidal, Claudia / Cakmak, Sabit

Chest

2020 Volume 158, Issue 2, Page(s) 630–636

Abstract: Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) causes progressive dyspnea, hypoxemia, and death within a few years. Little is known about the effect of air pollution on disease exacerbations.: Research question: Are acute increases in air pollution ... ...

Abstract	Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) causes progressive dyspnea, hypoxemia, and death within a few years. Little is known about the effect of air pollution on disease exacerbations. Research question: Are acute increases in air pollution a risk factor for hospitalization of patients with a primary diagnosis of IPF. Study design and methods: Hospital admissions for IPF are coded J84.1 by the International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision. Using ambient air pollution and climate data from seven air monitoring stations distributed in the seven urban centers in Santiago, Chile, along with daily patient hospitalization data from 2001 to 2012, a linear association between daily ambient air pollution and daily J84.1 hospital admissions was tested using generalized linear models. Results: Average pollutant levels for all regions were as follows: carbon monoxide was 0.96 ppm, ozone was 64 ppb, nitrogen dioxide (NO Interpretation: Our findings suggest that acute increases in air pollution are a risk factor for hospitalization of patients with a primary diagnosis of IPF.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Chile/epidemiology ; Female ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Symptom Flare Up
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1032552-9
ISSN	1931-3543 ; 0012-3692
ISSN (online)	1931-3543
ISSN	0012-3692
DOI	10.1016/j.chest.2020.02.017
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Zs.MO 349: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Metal Imbalance in Neurodegenerative Diseases with a Specific Concern to the Brain of Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Dales, Jean-Philippe / Desplat-Jégo, Sophie

International journal of molecular sciences

2020 Volume 21, Issue 23

Abstract: There is increasing evidence that deregulation of metals contributes to a vast range of neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) manifesting disability and ... ...

Abstract	There is increasing evidence that deregulation of metals contributes to a vast range of neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) manifesting disability and neurological symptoms. The precise origin of MS is unknown, but the disease is characterized by focal inflammatory lesions in the CNS associated with an autoimmune reaction against myelin. The treatment of this disease has mainly been based on the prescription of immunosuppressive and immune-modulating agents. However, the rate of progressive disability and early mortality is still worrisome. Metals may represent new diagnostic and predictive markers of severity and disability as well as innovative candidate drug targets for future therapies. In this review, we describe the recent advances in our understanding on the role of metals in brain disorders of neurodegenerative diseases and MS patients.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Inflammation/pathology ; Metals/metabolism ; Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Metals
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms21239105
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Article: SJL/J resistance to mouse hepatitis virus-JHM-induced neurologic disease can be partially overcome by viral variants of S and host immunosuppression.

Pasick, J M / Wilson, G A / Morris, V L / Dales, S

Microbial pathogenesis

1992 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–15

Abstract: ... Since S, the virion's major spike glycoprotein, is known to facilitate the spread of infection due ... by primary SJL/J glial cells. Variants possessing deletions within the S coding region were able to grow ... of neurologic disease in SJL/J mice following intracranial inoculation with either wt JHMV or the S deletion variant ...

Abstract	The basis of the resistance of SJL/J mice to various strains of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) has been the subject of some debate, especially as it relates to the number and nature of the determinants involved. Our previous work demonstrated that resistance by primary SJL/J glial cultures may involve events subsequent to viral gene expression, possibly due to a defect in cell-to-cell spread of the infection. Since S, the virion's major spike glycoprotein, is known to facilitate the spread of infection due to its syncytiogenic properties, we decided to investigate the role of this viral structural protein in resistance by primary SJL/J glial cells. Variants possessing deletions within the S coding region were able to grow in SJL/J glial cells 10-100 times easier and fuse five-times more efficiently than wt virus. Induction of neurologic disease in SJL/J mice following intracranial inoculation with either wt JHMV or the S deletion variant, AT11f cord, was age-dependent, occurring only in animals inoculated under 4 weeks of age. Resistance in older animals to wt and variant viruses could be abrogated by immunosuppression with cyclosporin A. However, both disease incidence and viral brain titers were higher in animals receiving the JHM variant AT11f cord virus, suggesting that SJL/J resistance to neurologic disease may manifest itself through interactions between inefficient cell-to-cell spread of the infection and protective aspects of the immune response.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Central Nervous System Diseases/genetics ; Central Nervous System Diseases/immunology ; Central Nervous System Diseases/microbiology ; Disease Susceptibility ; Genetic Variation ; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/genetics ; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/immunology ; Immunity, Innate/drug effects ; Immunosuppression ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Murine hepatitis virus/genetics ; Murine hepatitis virus/immunology ; Neuroglia/microbiology ; Sequence Deletion ; Spinal Cord/microbiology ; Viral Structural Proteins/genetics ; Virus Replication
Chemical Substances	Viral Structural Proteins
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	1992-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632772-2
ISSN	1096-1208 ; 0882-4010
ISSN (online)	1096-1208
ISSN	0882-4010
DOI	10.1016/0882-4010(92)90027-l
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Article ; Online: The association between air pollution and hospitalization for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Chile: A daily time series analysis.

Cakmak, Sabit / Blanco-Vidal, Claudia / Lukina, Anna O / Dales, Robert

Environmental research

2020 Volume 192, Page(s) 110469

Abstract: Genetic and environmental factors are thought to influence the activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but relatively little is known about the effects of ambient air pollution. Using pollution data from air monitoring stations in the urban ... ...

Abstract	Genetic and environmental factors are thought to influence the activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but relatively little is known about the effects of ambient air pollution. Using pollution data from air monitoring stations in the urban centers in Santiago Chile, along with daily patient hospitalization data from 2001 to 2012, an association between ambient air pollution and daily hospital admissions for SLE was tested using generalized linear models. Averaged over all regions pollutant mean 24 h concentrations were: 0.96 ppm carbon monoxide (CO), 64 ppb ozone (O
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollutants/toxicity ; Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Chile/epidemiology ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/chemically induced ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology ; Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis ; Ozone/analysis ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Particulate Matter/toxicity ; Sulfur Dioxide/analysis ; Sulfur Dioxide/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Sulfur Dioxide (0UZA3422Q4) ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N) ; Nitrogen Dioxide (S7G510RUBH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2020.110469
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