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Article ; Online: Mechanistic elucidation of the catalytic activity of silver nanoclusters: exploring the predominant role of electrostatic surface.

Mahato, Paritosh / Shekhar, Shashi / Yadav, Rahul / Mukherjee, Saptarshi

2024 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) 806–820

Abstract: The core and the ligand shell of metal nanoclusters (MNCs) have an influential role in modulating their spectroscopic signatures and catalytic properties. The aspect of electrostatic interactions to regulate the catalytic properties of MNCs has not been ... ...

Abstract	The core and the ligand shell of metal nanoclusters (MNCs) have an influential role in modulating their spectroscopic signatures and catalytic properties. The aspect of electrostatic interactions to regulate the catalytic properties of MNCs has not been comprehensively addressed to date. Our present work conclusively delineates the role of the metal core and the electrostatic surface of MNCs involved in the reduction of nitroarenes. A facile surface modification of mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA)-templated AgNCs has been selectively achieved through Mg
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2515664-0
ISSN	2040-3372 ; 2040-3364
ISSN (online)	2040-3372
ISSN	2040-3364
DOI	10.1039/d3nr05235d
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Article: Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Due to Typhoid Fever.

Shekhar, Shekhar / Radhakrishnan, Rahul / Nagar, Vidya S

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 7, Page(s) e42175

Abstract: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially fatal hyper-inflammatory state that is caused by a highly activated but ineffective immune system. It can be primary or secondary to triggers like infections, malignancies, and autoimmune ... ...

Abstract	Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially fatal hyper-inflammatory state that is caused by a highly activated but ineffective immune system. It can be primary or secondary to triggers like infections, malignancies, and autoimmune conditions. The authors present the case of a young male with a fever and abdominal pain due to typhoid. He continued to have a high-spiking fever and developed dyspnea, requiring oxygen therapy despite being treated with appropriate antibiotics. Laboratory evaluation revealed cytopenias and deranged liver function tests, and abdominal imaging revealed hepatosplenomegaly. These clinical and laboratory findings raised suspicion of HLH secondary to typhoid fever. Further investigations were suggestive of hyperferritinemia and hypofibrinogenemia, and bone marrow aspirates showed hemophagocytes. The patient was treated with immunosuppression (dexamethasone) and antibiotics and showed remarkable recovery. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis should be suspected in patients with tropical infections like enteric fever, tuberculosis, malaria, dengue, etc. that worsen despite appropriate treatment, as late diagnosis is associated with greater mortality.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.42175
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Article: Does Lake Louise questionnaire interpret high-altitude headache as acute mountain sickness? Experience in the western Himalayas.

Unnikrishnan, Abhilash / Shekhar, Atul / Kumar, Dharmendra / Jaipurkar, Raksha / Sikri, Gaurav / Singh, Krishan / Manral, Rahul

The Indian journal of medical research

2024 Volume 159, Issue 2, Page(s) 241–245

Abstract: Background objectives: High-altitude headache (HAH) and headache in acute mountain sickness (AMS) are common among lowlanders ascending to the high altitude and are often confused with one another. A pilot study was undertaken to analyze HAH and AMS ... ...

Abstract	Background objectives: High-altitude headache (HAH) and headache in acute mountain sickness (AMS) are common among lowlanders ascending to the high altitude and are often confused with one another. A pilot study was undertaken to analyze HAH and AMS cases in Indian lowlanders ascending to Leh city (3500 m) in western Himalayas. Methods: A total number of 1228 Indian lowlanders, who ascended (fresh and re-inductees) by air and acclimatized, participated in this pilot study. The intensity of headache was assessed by the Visual Analogue Score. The parameters of HAH as per the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 and 2018 Revised Lake Louise Questionnaire (LLQ) were used to differentiate HAH and AMS. Results: Out of 1228 cases, 78 (6.4%) cases had headache, of which 24 (1.95%) cases were HAH only, 40 (3.25%) cases AMS only and 14 (1.14%) cases were defined as both HAH and AMS. There was a significant difference in heart rate [F (2,51) = (4.756), P =0.01] between these groups. It also showed a difference in the correlation between the parameters within the groups. The Odd's Ratio of AMS in fresh and re-inductees was found to be 4.5 and for HAH it was 4.33. Interpretation conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that LLQ has a tendency of overestimating AMS by including HAH cases. Furthermore differential parameters exhibit differences when AMS and HAH are considered separately. Re-inductees showed a lower incidence of HAH and AMS.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Altitude Sickness/complications ; Altitude Sickness/diagnosis ; Altitude Sickness/epidemiology ; Altitude ; Himalayas ; Pilot Projects ; Acute Disease ; Headache/epidemiology ; Headache/etiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390883-5
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
DOI	10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2127_21
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Article ; Online: Recent Progress and Challenges in Clinical Translation of Nanomedicines in Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer.

Yadav, Bhavna / Chauhan, Mahima / Singh, Rahul Pratap / Sonali / Shekhar, Saurabh

Current drug targets

2023 Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 12–24

Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death across the world. There are numerous challenges in the early diagnosis and effective treatment of lung cancer, including developing multidrug resistance. However, the diagnosis of lung cancer could be ... ...

Abstract	Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death across the world. There are numerous challenges in the early diagnosis and effective treatment of lung cancer, including developing multidrug resistance. However, the diagnosis of lung cancer could be minimally invasive or non-invasive. Nowadays, nanomedicines offer solutions to several emerging challenges in drug delivery research areas. It has the potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of biologically and chemically active agents at the site of action. This approach can also be employed in molecular and cellular imaging, precise and early detection, screening, and targeting drugs for lung cancer treatment. A proper understanding of the disease and timely diagnosis using strategically designed effective nanocarriers can be a promising approach to effectively managing cancer. The present review explores issues related to lung cancer chemotherapy and the promises and hurdles of newer approaches like nanomedicine. The article also summarizes the preclinical studies on diagnosis and treatment, pitfalls, and challenges in the clinical translation of nanomedicines for lung cancer therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Nanomedicine/methods ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Treatment Outcome ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry ; Nanoparticles
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-06
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2064859-5
ISSN	1873-5592 ; 1389-4501
ISSN (online)	1873-5592
ISSN	1389-4501
DOI	10.2174/0113894501273651231201061144
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Zs.A 5578: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Polystyrene microplastics induced disturbances in neuronal arborization and dendritic spine density in mice prefrontal cortex.

Suman, Anjali / Mahapatra, Archisman / Gupta, Priya / Ray, Shubhendu Shekhar / Singh, Rahul Kumar

Chemosphere

2024 Volume 351, Page(s) 141165

Abstract: An increasing use of plastics in daily life leads to the accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in the environment, posing a serious threat to the ecosystem, including humans. It has been reported that MPs cause neurotoxicity, but the deleterious effect of ... ...

Abstract	An increasing use of plastics in daily life leads to the accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in the environment, posing a serious threat to the ecosystem, including humans. It has been reported that MPs cause neurotoxicity, but the deleterious effect of polystyrene (PS) MPs on neuronal cytoarchitectural morphology in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) region of mice brain remains to be established. In the present study, Swiss albino male mice were orally exposed to 0.1, 1, and 10 ppm PS-MPs for 28 days. After exposure, we found a significant accumulation of PS-MPs with a decreased number of Nissl bodies in the PFC region of the entire treated group compared to the control. Morphometric analysis in the PFC neurons using Golgi-Cox staining accompanied by Sholl analysis showed a significant reduction in basal dendritic length, dendritic intersections, nodes, and number of intersections at seventh branch order in PFC neurons of 1 ppm treated PS-MPs. In neurons of 0.1 ppm treated mice, we found only decrease in the number of intersections at the seventh branch order. While 10 ppm treated neurons decreased in basal dendritic length, dendritic intersections, followed by the number of intersections at the third and seventh branch order were observed. As well, spine density on the apical secondary branches along with mRNA level of BDNF was significantly reduced in all the PS-MPs treated PFC neurons, mainly at 1 ppm versus control. These results suggest that PS-MPs exposure affects overall basal neuronal arborization, with the highest levels at 1 and 10 ppm, followed by 0.1 ppm treated neurons, which may be related to the down-regulation of BDNF expression in PFC.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Dendritic Spines ; Polystyrenes/toxicity ; Microplastics ; Plastics/pharmacology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity
Chemical Substances	Polystyrenes ; Microplastics ; Plastics ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141165
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Zs.A 2540: Show issues

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Article: Mix-and-Match COVID-19 Vaccinations (Heterologous Boost): A Review.

Garg, Ishan / Sheikh, Abu Baker / Pal, Suman / Shekhar, Rahul

Infectious disease reports

2022 Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) 537–546

Abstract: Various safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines utilizing different platforms (mRNA, adenovirus vector, inactivated virus-based) are available against SARS-CoV-2 infection. A prime-boost regimen (administration of two doses) is recommended to induce an ... ...

Abstract	Various safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines utilizing different platforms (mRNA, adenovirus vector, inactivated virus-based) are available against SARS-CoV-2 infection. A prime-boost regimen (administration of two doses) is recommended to induce an adequate and sustained immune response. Most of these vaccines follow a homologous regimen (the same type of vaccine as priming and booster doses). However, there is a growing interest in a heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimen to potentially help address concerns posed by fluctuating vaccine supplies, serious adverse effects (anaphylaxis and thromboembolic episodes following adenovirus-based vaccines), new emerging virulent strains, inadequate immune response in immunocompromised individuals, and waning immunity. Various studies have demonstrated that heterologous prime-boost vaccination may induce comparable or higher antibody (spike protein) titers and a similar reactogenicity profile to the homologous prime-boost regimen. Based on these considerations, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention has issued guidance supporting the "mix-and-match" heterologous boost COVID-19 vaccine strategy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2036-7430
ISSN	2036-7430
DOI	10.3390/idr14040057
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Article: Impact of COVID-19 on the Changing Patterns of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections.

Garg, Ishan / Shekhar, Rahul / Sheikh, Abu Baker / Pal, Suman

Infectious disease reports

2022 Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) 558–568

Abstract: Seasonal epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of hospitalization and mortality among children. Preventive measures implemented to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2, including facemasks, stay-at-home orders, closure of ...

Abstract	Seasonal epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of hospitalization and mortality among children. Preventive measures implemented to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2, including facemasks, stay-at-home orders, closure of schools and local-national borders, and hand hygiene, may have also prevented the transmission of RSV and influenza. However, with the easing of COVID-19 imposed restrictions, many regions are noticing a delayed RSV outbreak. Some of these regions have also noted an increase in severity of these delayed RSV outbreaks partly due to a lack of protective immunity in the community following a lack of exposure from the previous season. Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic can be implemented for controlling RSV outbreaks, including: (1) measures to reduce the spread, (2) effective vaccine development, and (3) genomic surveillance tools and computational modeling to predict the timing and severity of RSV outbreaks. These measures can help reduce the severity and prepare the health care system to deal with future RSV outbreaks by appropriate and timely allocation of health care resources.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2036-7430
ISSN	2036-7430
DOI	10.3390/idr14040059
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Article ; Online: Solvent-Induced Modulation in the Optical Properties of Copper Nanoclusters and Revealing the Isomeric Effect of Templates.

Mahato, Paritosh / Thomas, Amar S / Yadav, Rahul / Rai, Saurabh / Shekhar, Shashi / Mukherjee, Saptarshi

Chemistry, an Asian journal

2023 Volume 18, Issue 16, Page(s) e202300442

Abstract: The solvent plays an influential role in controlling the nucleation process of metal nanoclusters (MNCs) and thereby significantly modulates their optical signatures. Herein, we have demonstrated the solvent-induced modulation in the optical properties ... ...

Abstract	The solvent plays an influential role in controlling the nucleation process of metal nanoclusters (MNCs) and thereby significantly modulates their optical signatures. Herein, we have demonstrated the solvent-induced modulation in the optical properties of copper nanoclusters (CuNCs), primarily governed by the solvent polarity. During the preparation of para-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA)-templated CuNCs, the simultaneous formation of blue-emitting CuNCs (B-CuNCs) and red-emitting CuNCs (R-CuNCs) were observed up to 7 h of reaction time, reflected from the systematic increment in the photoluminescence (PL) intensity at 420 nm and 615 nm, respectively. However, after 7 h of reaction time, the exclusive formation of B-CuNCs was observed. Such simultaneous growth and depletion dynamics of CuNCs result in a significant modulation in their optical properties. The variation of the solvent from water to less polar solvents such as DMSO and DMF restricts this inter-cluster dynamics by stabilizing both the CuNCs (B-CuNCs and R-CuNCs). Thereby, a single-component White Light Emission (WLE) was realized in DMSO with CIE coordinates (0.37, 0.36). The isomeric effect of the templates has also been investigated which extensively controls the optical and catalytic properties of the CuNCs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2233006-9
ISSN	1861-471X ; 1861-4728
ISSN (online)	1861-471X
ISSN	1861-4728
DOI	10.1002/asia.202300442
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Article ; Online: Fabrication, in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo characterization of transferrin-targeted micelles containing cisplatin and gadolinium for improved theranostic applications in lung cancer therapy.

Yadav, Bhavna / Chauhan, Mahima / Sonali / Dinkar, Ritu / Shekhar, Saurabh / Singh, Rahul Pratap

European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V

2023 Volume 193, Page(s) 44–57

Abstract: The targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents is quite challenging in lung cancer therapy. Thus, lung cancer causes high mortality across the world. Herein, we developed TPGS-PF127 micelles containing cisplatin (CDDP) as a model anticancer drug ...

Abstract	The targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents is quite challenging in lung cancer therapy. Thus, lung cancer causes high mortality across the world. Herein, we developed TPGS-PF127 micelles containing cisplatin (CDDP) as a model anticancer drug and gadolinium (Gd) as a diagnostic agent by a slightly modified solvent casting method, further, the surface of the micelles was modified using TPGS-transferrin (TPGS-Tf) conjugate to improve targeted delivery of micelles to the lung cancer cells. Prior to this, the binding affinity of Tf over TfR (1E7U) and TfR (1E8W) was investigated with the help of in-silico studies. In-silico results showed good docking scores -7.8 and -7.2 kcal/mol of Tf -ligand towards 1E8W and 1E7U respectively promoting PI3K inhibition. Micelles have shown an average particle size range of 80-200 nm and have shown spherical morphology. The encapsulation efficiency of cisplatin (CDDP) in the CPT, CGPT, and CGPT-Tf micelles ranged from 75.63 % ± 1.58 % to 85.07 % ± 2.65 %. Furthermore, the encapsulation efficiency of gadolinium (Gd) in the CGPT and CGPT-Tf micelles was found to be 67.50 ± 0.32 % and 62.52 ± 0.52 %, respectively. CGPT-Tf micelles exhibited sustained release fashion for CDDP up to 48 h in physiological conditions. In the cytotoxicity study, CGPT-Tf micelles achieved higher cytotoxicity and caused a more antiproliferative effect in A549 cells compared to a commercial CDDP injection (Ciszest 50), after 24 h of treatment. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic studies have proven the pharmacological effectiveness of developed CGPT-Tf micelles by achieving higher C
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Micelles ; Cisplatin/pharmacology ; Transferrin/chemistry ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Gadolinium ; Precision Medicine ; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Lung ; Cell Line, Tumor
Chemical Substances	Micelles ; Cisplatin (Q20Q21Q62J) ; Transferrin ; Gadolinium (AU0V1LM3JT) ; Polyethylene Glycols (3WJQ0SDW1A) ; Antineoplastic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1065368-5
ISSN	1873-3441 ; 0939-6411
ISSN (online)	1873-3441
ISSN	0939-6411
DOI	10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.10.015
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Zs.B 1651: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Applications of nanomaterials for gastrointestinal tumors: A review.

Kanaoujiya, Rahul / Porwal, Dipiti / Srivastava, Shekhar

Frontiers in medical technology

2022 Volume 4, Page(s) 997123

Abstract: Nanotechnology is the emerging and advance field of research for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. With the development of nanotechnology, different nanoparticles are used in the treatment of cancer due to their unique optical properties, ... ...

Abstract	Nanotechnology is the emerging and advance field of research for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. With the development of nanotechnology, different nanoparticles are used in the treatment of cancer due to their unique optical properties, excellent biocompatibility, surface effects, and small size effects. Nanoparticles are the particles which have the particular size from 1 to 100 nm. These nanoparticles are zero dimension, one dimension, two dimension and three dimension etc. In present scenario a variety of research is focused on the tailored synthesis of nanoparticles for medicinal applications that can be used for cancer treatment based on the morphology, composition, interaction with target cell. The gastrointestinal (GI) tumors are found one of the deadest cancer types with highest reoccurrence rates. The diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer is very challenging due to its deep location and complicated surgery. Nanotechnology provides fast diagnosis and immediate treatment for the gastrointestinal disease. A variety of nanomaterials are used for the diagnosis and treatment of GI disease. Nanoparticles target directly to the tumor cell as diagnostic and therapeutic tools facilitating the identification and removal of tumor cells. A number of nanoparticles are developed for the uses are quantum dots (QDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), Dendrimers etc. This review article gives an overview of the most promising nanomaterials used for the diagnosis and treatment of GI diseases. This review attempts to incorporate numerous uses for the most current nanomaterials, which have great potential for treating gastrointestinal diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2673-3129
ISSN (online)	2673-3129
DOI	10.3389/fmedt.2022.997123
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