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  1. Article ; Online: Mitigating the return of acute respiratory virus infections.

    Nazareth, Joshua / Fahad, Muhammad / Pareek, Manish

    BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    2023  Volume 380, Page(s) 352

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Infant ; Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; Acute Disease ; Virus Diseases/prevention & control
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1362901-3
    ISSN 1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    ISSN (online) 1756-1833
    ISSN 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    DOI 10.1136/bmj.p352
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Learning to live with covid-19: testing, vaccination, and mask wearing still play a key part in managing the pandemic.

    Arshad, Zaki / Nazareth, Joshua / Pareek, Manish

    BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    2023  Volume 383, Page(s) 2943

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Learning ; Vaccination ; Masks
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1362901-3
    ISSN 1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    ISSN (online) 1756-1833
    ISSN 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    DOI 10.1136/bmj.p2943
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  3. Article ; Online: Monitor unit verification for Varian TrueBeam VMAT plans using Monte Carlo calculations and phase space data.

    Pant, Ankit / Miri, Narges / Bhagroo, Stephen / Mathews, Joshua A / Nazareth, Daryl P

    Journal of applied clinical medical physics

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 10, Page(s) e14063

    Abstract: To use the open-source Monte Carlo (MC) software calculations for TPS monitor unit verification of VMAT plans, delivered with the Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator, and compare the results with a commercial software product, following the guidelines set ...

    Abstract To use the open-source Monte Carlo (MC) software calculations for TPS monitor unit verification of VMAT plans, delivered with the Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator, and compare the results with a commercial software product, following the guidelines set in AAPM Task Group 219. The TrueBeam is modeled in EGSnrc using the Varian-provided phase-space files. Thirteen VMAT TrueBeam treatment plans representing various anatomical regions were evaluated, comprising 37 treatment arcs. VMAT plans simulations were performed on a computing cluster, using 10
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods ; Computer Simulation ; Software ; Particle Accelerators ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Monte Carlo Method ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2010347-5
    ISSN 1526-9914 ; 1526-9914
    ISSN (online) 1526-9914
    ISSN 1526-9914
    DOI 10.1002/acm2.14063
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  4. Article ; Online: Interferon-gamma release assay conversion after Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure specifically associates with greater risk of progression to tuberculosis: A prospective cohort study in Leicester, UK.

    Kim, Jee Whang / Nazareth, Joshua / Lee, Joanne / Patel, Hemu / Woltmann, Gerrit / Verma, Raman / O'Garra, Anne / Haldar, Pranabashis

    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

    2024  Volume 141, Page(s) 106982

    Abstract: Objectives: We investigated whether quantifying the serial QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) response improves tuberculosis (TB) risk stratification in pulmonary TB (PTB) contacts.: Methods: A total of 297 untreated adult household PTB contacts, QFT tested ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: We investigated whether quantifying the serial QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) response improves tuberculosis (TB) risk stratification in pulmonary TB (PTB) contacts.
    Methods: A total of 297 untreated adult household PTB contacts, QFT tested at baseline and 3 months after index notification, were prospectively observed (median 1460 days). Normal variance of serial QFT responses was established in 46 extrapulmonary TB contacts. This informed categorisation of the response in QFT-positive PTB contacts as converters, persistently QFT-positive with significant increase (PP
    Results: In total, eight co-prevalent TB (disease ≤3 months after index notification) and 12 incident TB (>3 months after index notification) cases were diagnosed. Genetic linkage to the index strain was confirmed in all culture-positive progressors. The cumulative 2-year incident TB risk in QFT-positive contacts was 8.4% (95% confidence interval, 3.0-13.6%); stratifying by serial QFT response, significantly higher risk was observed in QFT converters (28%), compared with PP
    Conclusions: QFT conversion, rather than quantitative changes of a persistently positive serial QFT response, is associated with greater TB risk and exposure to rapidly progressive TB.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma Release Tests ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; Prospective Studies ; Tuberculin Test ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Latent Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Latent Tuberculosis/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-24
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1331197-9
    ISSN 1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
    ISSN (online) 1878-3511
    ISSN 1201-9712
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.02.025
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 4516: Show issues Location:
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    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article ; Online: PET-CT-guided characterisation of progressive, preclinical tuberculosis infection and its association with low-level circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in household contacts in Leicester, UK: a prospective cohort study.

    Kim, Jee Whang / Bowman, Karen / Nazareth, Joshua / Lee, Joanne / Woltmann, Gerrit / Verma, Raman / Sharifpour, Meedya / Shield, Christopher / Rees, Catherine / Kamil, Anver / Swift, Benjamin / Haldar, Pranabashis

    The Lancet. Microbe

    2024  Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) e119–e130

    Abstract: Background: Incipient tuberculosis, a progressive state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection with an increased risk of developing into tuberculosis disease, remains poorly characterised. Animal models suggest an association of progressive infection ... ...

    Abstract Background: Incipient tuberculosis, a progressive state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection with an increased risk of developing into tuberculosis disease, remains poorly characterised. Animal models suggest an association of progressive infection with bacteraemia. Circulating M tuberculosis DNA has previously been detected in pulmonary tuberculosis by use of Actiphage, a bacteriophage-based real-time PCR assay. We aimed to investigate whether serial [
    Methods: We did a prospective 12-month cohort study in healthy, asymptomatic adults (aged ≥16 years) who were household contacts of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and who had a clinical phenotype of latent tuberculosis infection, in Leicester, UK. Actiphage testing of participants' blood samples was done at baseline, and [
    Findings: 20 contacts were recruited between Aug 5 and Nov 5, 2020; 16 of these participants had a positive result on IFNγ release assay (QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus [QFT]) indicating tuberculosis infection. Baseline PET-CT scans were positive in ten contacts (all QFT positive), indeterminate in six contacts (three QFT positive), and negative in four contacts (three QFT positive). Four of eight PET-CT-positive contacts sampled had M tuberculosis identified (three through culture, one through Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra test) from intrathoracic lymph nodes or bronchial wash and received full antituberculosis treatment. Two further unsampled PET-CT-positive contacts were also treated: one with [
    Interpretation: Microbiological and inflammatory features of incipient tuberculosis can be visualised on PET-CT and are associated with M tuberculosis detection in the blood, supporting the development of pathogen-directed blood biomarkers of tuberculosis risk.
    Funding: MRC Confidence in Concept.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Latent Tuberculosis/diagnostic imaging ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; Prospective Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Tuberculosis/diagnostic imaging ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Antitubercular Agents
    Chemical Substances Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D) ; Antitubercular Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2666-5247
    ISSN (online) 2666-5247
    DOI 10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00289-6
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  6. Article ; Online: Discrimination, feeling undervalued, and health-care workforce attrition: an analysis from the UK-REACH study.

    Martin, Christopher A / Medisauskaite, Asta / Gogoi, Mayuri / Teece, Lucy / Nazareth, Joshua / Pan, Daniel / Carr, Sue / Khunti, Kamlesh / Nellums, Laura B / Woolf, Katherine / Pareek, Manish

    Lancet (London, England)

    2023  Volume 402, Issue 10405, Page(s) 845–848

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Emotions ; Workforce ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 3306-6
    ISSN 1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    ISSN (online) 1474-547X
    ISSN 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01365-X
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    Zs.MG 94: Show issues

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  7. Article ; Online: Are clinical outcomes from COVID-19 improving in ethnic minority groups?

    Pan, Daniel / Sze, Shirley / Irizar, Patricia / George, Nisha / Chaka, Aasiya / Lal, Zainab / Martin, Christopher A / Nazareth, Joshua / Baggaley, Rebecca F / Gray, Laura J / Katikireddi, S Vittal / Nellums, Laura B / Khunti, Kamlesh / Pareek, Manish

    EClinicalMedicine

    2023  Volume 61, Page(s) 102091

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-5370
    ISSN (online) 2589-5370
    DOI 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102091
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  8. Article ; Online: Secondary monitor unit calculations for VMAT using parallelized Monte Carlo simulations.

    Bhagroo, Stephen / French, Samuel B / Mathews, Joshua A / Nazareth, Daryl P

    Journal of applied clinical medical physics

    2019  Volume 20, Issue 6, Page(s) 60–69

    Abstract: We have developed a fast and accurate in-house Monte Carlo (MC) secondary monitor unit (MU) check method, based on the EGSnrc system, for independent verification of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment planning system dose calculations, in ... ...

    Abstract We have developed a fast and accurate in-house Monte Carlo (MC) secondary monitor unit (MU) check method, based on the EGSnrc system, for independent verification of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment planning system dose calculations, in accordance with TG-114 recommendations. For a VMAT treatment plan created for a Varian Trilogy linac, DICOM information was exported from Eclipse. An open-source platform was used to generate input files for dose calculations using the EGSnrc framework. The full VMAT plan simulation employed 10
    MeSH term(s) Brain Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Humans ; Male ; Monte Carlo Method ; Particle Accelerators/instrumentation ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2010347-5
    ISSN 1526-9914 ; 1526-9914
    ISSN (online) 1526-9914
    ISSN 1526-9914
    DOI 10.1002/acm2.12605
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  9. Article: Investigating the impact of financial concerns on symptoms of depression in UK healthcare workers: data from the UK-REACH nationwide cohort study.

    McBride, Martin / Martin, Christopher A / Teece, Lucy / Irizar, Patricia / Batson, Megan / Lagrata, Susie / Papineni, Padmasayee / Nazareth, Joshua / Pan, Daniel / Leary, Alison / Woolf, Katherine / Pareek, Manish

    BJPsych open

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) e124

    Abstract: Background: Exploration of the association between financial concerns and depression in UK healthcare workers (HCWs) is paramount given the current 'cost of living crisis', ongoing strike action and recruitment/retention problems in the National Health ... ...

    Abstract Background: Exploration of the association between financial concerns and depression in UK healthcare workers (HCWs) is paramount given the current 'cost of living crisis', ongoing strike action and recruitment/retention problems in the National Health Service.
    Aims: To assess the impact of financial concerns on the risk of depression in HCWs, how these concerns have changed over time and what factors might predict financial concerns.
    Method: We used longitudinal survey data from a UK-wide cohort of HCWs to determine whether financial concerns at baseline (December 2020 to March 2021) were associated with depression (measured with the Public Health Questionnaire-2) at follow-up (June to October 2022). We used logistic regression to examine the association between financial concerns and depression, and ordinal logistic regression to establish predictors of developing financial concerns.
    Results: A total of 3521 HCWs were included. Those concerned about their financial situation at baseline had higher odds of developing depressive symptoms at follow-up. Financial concerns increased in 43.8% of HCWs and decreased in 9%. Those in nursing, midwifery and other nursing roles had over twice the odds of developing financial concerns compared with those in medical roles.
    Conclusions: Financial concerns are increasing in prevalence and predict the later development of depressive symptoms in UK HCWs. Those in nursing, midwifery and other allied nursing roles may have been disproportionately affected. Our results are concerning given the potential effects on sickness absence and staff retention. Policy makers should act to alleviate financial concerns to reduce the impact this may have on a discontent workforce plagued by understaffing.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2829557-2
    ISSN 2056-4724
    ISSN 2056-4724
    DOI 10.1192/bjo.2023.520
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  10. Article ; Online: Transmission of monkeypox/mpox virus: A narrative review of environmental, viral, host, and population factors in relation to the 2022 international outbreak.

    Pan, Daniel / Nazareth, Joshua / Sze, Shirley / Martin, Christopher A / Decker, Jonathan / Fletcher, Eve / Déirdre Hollingsworth, T / Barer, Michael R / Pareek, Manish / Tang, Julian W

    Journal of medical virology

    2023  Volume 95, Issue 2, Page(s) e28534

    Abstract: Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has spread globally. Emerging studies have now provided evidence regarding MPXV transmission, that can inform rational evidence-based policies and reduce misinformation on this topic. We aimed to review the evidence on transmission ...

    Abstract Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has spread globally. Emerging studies have now provided evidence regarding MPXV transmission, that can inform rational evidence-based policies and reduce misinformation on this topic. We aimed to review the evidence on transmission of the virus. Real-world studies have isolated viable viruses from high-touch surfaces for as long as 15 days. Strong evidence suggests that the current circulating monkeypox (mpox) has evolved from previous outbreaks outside of Africa, but it is yet unknown whether these mutations may lead to an inherently increased infectivity of the virus. Strong evidence also suggests that the main route of current MPXV transmission is sexual; through either close contact or directly, with detection of culturable virus in saliva, nasopharynx, and sperm for prolonged periods and the presence of rashes mainly in genital areas. The milder clinical presentations and the potential presence of presymptomatic transmission in the current circulating variant compared to previous clades, as well as the dominance of spread amongst men who have sex with men (MSMs) suggests that mpox has a developed distinct clinical phenotype that has increased its transmissibility. Increased public awareness of MPXV transmission modalities may lead to earlier detection of the spillover of new cases into other groups.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Monkeypox virus ; Mpox (monkeypox) ; Homosexuality, Male ; Semen ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Disease Outbreaks
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 752392-0
    ISSN 1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
    ISSN (online) 1096-9071
    ISSN 0146-6615
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.28534
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