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  1. Article ; Online: Vitamin D and cathelicidin levels and susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection acquisition in household contacts.

    Ruiz-Tagle, Cinthya / Romero, Francisco / Naves, Rodrigo / Balcells, María Elvira

    Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

    2023  Volume 41, Issue 8, Page(s) 489–493

    Abstract: Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been proposed to confer susceptibility to acquiring tuberculosis infection by impairing the innate immune response.: Methods: In an exploratory study, we examined whether the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D: ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been proposed to confer susceptibility to acquiring tuberculosis infection by impairing the innate immune response.
    Methods: In an exploratory study, we examined whether the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D
    Results: Within a prospective cohort of 231 tuberculosis household contacts tested with repeated interferon-gamma release assays, we serially analyzed all the uninfected contacts acquiring tuberculosis infection at follow-up ("converters", n=18), and an age and sex-matched control group of contacts not acquiring tuberculosis infection ("non-converters", n=36). The median levels of serum 25(OH)D
    Conclusion: These data argue against a major role for hypovitaminosis D in tuberculosis infection susceptibility.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-25
    Publishing country Spain
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2529-993X
    ISSN (online) 2529-993X
    DOI 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.04.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: La relevancia actual de la vacuna BCG en la prevención de tuberculosis infantil.

    Morales, Pamela / Balcells, María Elvira

    Revista chilena de pediatria

    2020  Volume 90, Issue 6, Page(s) 579–580

    Title translation The importance of the BCG vaccine in the prevention of childhood tuberculosis.
    MeSH term(s) BCG Vaccine ; Child ; Chile/epidemiology ; Humans ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances BCG Vaccine
    Language Spanish
    Publishing date 2020-03-18
    Publishing country Chile
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 954077-5
    ISSN 0717-6228 ; 0034-7396 ; 0370-4106
    ISSN (online) 0717-6228
    ISSN 0034-7396 ; 0370-4106
    DOI 10.32641/rchped.v90i6.1379
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: In reply.

    Balcells, María Elvira

    The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

    2016  Volume 20, Issue 10, Page(s) 1416

    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-10
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1385624-8
    ISSN 1815-7920 ; 1027-3719
    ISSN (online) 1815-7920
    ISSN 1027-3719
    DOI 10.5588/ijtld.16.0459-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Intra-amniotic

    Gutiérrez, Norma Urbano / Vergara López, María José / Bustos, Camila Álvarez / Vidal, Cristian Contreras / Carvajal, Jorge A / Severino, Nicolás / Giordano, Ady / Baquedano, Soledad Urzúa / Feuerhake, Teo / Rabagliati, Ricardo / Balcells, María Elvira

    Open forum infectious diseases

    2024  Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) ofae047

    Abstract: Intra-amniotic infection ... ...

    Abstract Intra-amniotic infection with
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2757767-3
    ISSN 2328-8957
    ISSN 2328-8957
    DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofae047
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Reduced microbial diversity of the nasopharyngeal microbiome in household contacts with latent tuberculosis infection.

    Ruiz-Tagle, Cinthya / Ugalde, Juan A / Naves, Rodrigo / Araos, Rafael / García, Patricia / Balcells, María Elvira

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 7301

    Abstract: The upper respiratory tract is an obliged pathway for respiratory pathogens and a healthy microbiota may support the host's mucosal immunity preventing infection. We analyzed the nasopharyngeal microbiome in tuberculosis household contacts (HHCs) and its ...

    Abstract The upper respiratory tract is an obliged pathway for respiratory pathogens and a healthy microbiota may support the host's mucosal immunity preventing infection. We analyzed the nasopharyngeal microbiome in tuberculosis household contacts (HHCs) and its association with latent tuberculosis infection (TBI). A prospective cohort of HHCs was established and latent TBI status was assessed by serial interferon-γ release assay (IGRA). Nasopharyngeal swabs collected at baseline were processed for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The 82 participants included in the analysis were classified as: (a) non-TBI [IGRA negative at baseline and follow-up, no active TB (n = 31)], (b) pre-TBI [IGRA negative at baseline but converted to IGRA positive or developed active TB at follow-up (n = 16)], and (c) TBI [IGRA positive at enrollment (n = 35)]. Predominant phyla were Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidota. TBI group had a lower alpha diversity compared to non-TBI (p
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Latent Tuberculosis/microbiology ; Prospective Studies ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Tuberculosis ; Interferon-gamma Release Tests ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; Microbiota
    Chemical Substances RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-34052-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Unraveling the Role of MicroRNAs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Disease: Advances and Pitfalls.

    Ruiz-Tagle, Cinthya / Naves, Rodrigo / Balcells, María Elvira

    Infection and immunity

    2020  Volume 88, Issue 3

    Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease of extremely high epidemiological burden worldwide that is easily acquired through the inhalation of infected respiratory droplets. The complex pathogenesis of this infection spans from subjects never developing ...

    Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease of extremely high epidemiological burden worldwide that is easily acquired through the inhalation of infected respiratory droplets. The complex pathogenesis of this infection spans from subjects never developing this disease despite intense exposure, to others in which immune containment fails catastrophically and severe or disseminated forms of disease ensue. In recent decades, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained increasing attention due to their role as gene silencers and because of their altered expression in diverse human diseases, including some infections. Recent research regarding miRNAs and TB has revealed that the expression profile for particular miRNAs clearly changes upon
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Latent Tuberculosis/genetics ; Latent Tuberculosis/immunology ; Macrophages/immunology ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Microbial Viability ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/physiology ; Signal Transduction/immunology ; Tuberculosis/genetics ; Tuberculosis/immunology
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; MicroRNAs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 218698-6
    ISSN 1098-5522 ; 0019-9567
    ISSN (online) 1098-5522
    ISSN 0019-9567
    DOI 10.1128/IAI.00649-19
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Differential levels of anti-

    Ruiz-Tagle, Cinthya / Naves, Rodrigo / García, Patricia / Günther, Anna / Schneiderhan-Marra, Nicole / Balcells, María Elvira

    Frontiers in medicine

    2023  Volume 10, Page(s) 1267670

    Abstract: Introduction: Mucosal immunity is strongly elicited in early stages of many respiratory and enteric infections; however, its role in tuberculosis pathogenesis has been scarcely explored. We aimed to investigate : Methodology: A multiplex bead-based ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Mucosal immunity is strongly elicited in early stages of many respiratory and enteric infections; however, its role in tuberculosis pathogenesis has been scarcely explored. We aimed to investigate
    Methodology: A multiplex bead-based Luminex immunoassay was developed to detect specific IgA against 12 highly immunogenic Mtb antigens. A prospective cohort of household contacts (>14 years) of pulmonary TB cases was established in Santiago, Chile. Contacts were classified as Mtb-infected or not depending on serial interferon-γ release assay results. Saliva samples were collected and tested at baseline and at a 12-week follow-up.
    Results: Mtb-specific IgA was detectable at all visits in all participants (
    Conclusion: Saliva holds Mtb-specific IgA against several antigens with increased levels for anti-LAM, anti-PstS1, anti-CMF and anti-CFP found in household contacts with an established TBI. The role of these mucosal antibodies in TB pathogenesis, and their kinetics in different stages of Mtb infection merits further exploring.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-06
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2775999-4
    ISSN 2296-858X
    ISSN 2296-858X
    DOI 10.3389/fmed.2023.1267670
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Reduced microbial diversity of the nasopharyngeal microbiome in household contacts with latent tuberculosis infection

    Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle / Juan A. Ugalde / Rodrigo Naves / Rafael Araos / Patricia García / María Elvira Balcells

    Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 12

    Abstract: Abstract The upper respiratory tract is an obliged pathway for respiratory pathogens and a healthy microbiota may support the host's mucosal immunity preventing infection. We analyzed the nasopharyngeal microbiome in tuberculosis household contacts (HHCs) ...

    Abstract Abstract The upper respiratory tract is an obliged pathway for respiratory pathogens and a healthy microbiota may support the host's mucosal immunity preventing infection. We analyzed the nasopharyngeal microbiome in tuberculosis household contacts (HHCs) and its association with latent tuberculosis infection (TBI). A prospective cohort of HHCs was established and latent TBI status was assessed by serial interferon-γ release assay (IGRA). Nasopharyngeal swabs collected at baseline were processed for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The 82 participants included in the analysis were classified as: (a) non-TBI [IGRA negative at baseline and follow-up, no active TB (n = 31)], (b) pre-TBI [IGRA negative at baseline but converted to IGRA positive or developed active TB at follow-up (n = 16)], and (c) TBI [IGRA positive at enrollment (n = 35)]. Predominant phyla were Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidota. TBI group had a lower alpha diversity compared to non-TBI (padj = 0.04) and pre-TBI (padj = 0.04). Only TBI and non-TBI had beta diversity differences (padj = 0.035). Core microbiomes’ had unique genera, and genus showed differential abundance among groups. HHCs with established latent TBI showed reduced nasopharyngeal microbial diversity with distinctive taxonomical composition. Whether a pre-existing microbiome feature favors, are a consequence, or protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis needs further investigation.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Rare Mycobacteria and HIV in Children: Two Case Reports.

    Johnson, Sarah M / Piñera, Cecilia / Whittaker, Elizabeth / Kirkhope, Natalie / Kon, Onn M / Satta, Giovanni / Balcells, Maria Elvira / Foster, Caroline

    Clinical drug investigation

    2022  Volume 42, Issue 6, Page(s) 541–547

    MeSH term(s) Child ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Humans ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium Infections/microbiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-16
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Case Reports ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 1220136-4
    ISSN 1179-1918 ; 0114-2402 ; 1173-2563
    ISSN (online) 1179-1918
    ISSN 0114-2402 ; 1173-2563
    DOI 10.1007/s40261-022-01153-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Barriers for research activities in residency programs: A mix-methods study.

    Merino, Tomas / Rojas, Viviana / Fuentes-López, Eduardo / Sánchez, Cesar / Pizarro, Margarita / Fuentes-Cimma, Javiera / Cifuentes, Lorena / Cuello, Mauricio / Carvajal, Jorge / Balcells, Maria Elvira / Riquelme, Arnoldo

    Medwave

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) e2627

    Abstract: Introduction: Research activities have a positive impact on the performance of residents. However, information on research conducted by residents from developing countries is scarce. Our study sought to identify the barriers and facilitators for ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Research activities have a positive impact on the performance of residents. However, information on research conducted by residents from developing countries is scarce. Our study sought to identify the barriers and facilitators for developing research in medical residency programs in a Latin-American faculty of medicine. Methods: A mixed methodology study design was carried out. We used a grounded theory approach for the qualitative phase, collecting data through semi-structured interviews and focus groups with faculty and residents. For the quantitative phase, surveys were administered to residents and teachers. We used factor analysis and scree plot (validity), Cronbach's alpha, and Intraclass correlation coefficient (reliability) to evaluate the surveys' psychometric properties. Results: Focus groups involving ten faculty members and 15 residents were conducted, and the following domains were identified: a) facilitators for resident participation, b) barriers, c) strategies for introducing research into the curriculum, d) arguments supporting research activities throughout medical residency, and e) profile of research-motivated residents. Both residents and faculty members identified a lack of protected time and adequate mentoring as the major barriers. A gender gap was found related to international publications (34% vs. 66% women/men); women perceived that research activities 'compete with other activities' (OR: 2.04, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.07). Conclusions: Research is highly valued by both residents and faculty members at a Latin-American university with a strong academic output. Major barriers to promoting research in this context include lack of protected time and effective mentoring, and gender gaps. Strategies proposed to improve research within medical residency programs include: establishing an interdisciplinary mentoring program between residents and researchers, promoting elective rotations, and rewarding proposals that consider gender equity.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Internship and Residency ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Curriculum ; Research
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-03
    Publishing country Chile
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2818022-7
    ISSN 0717-6384 ; 0717-6384
    ISSN (online) 0717-6384
    ISSN 0717-6384
    DOI 10.5867/medwave.2023.01.2627
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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