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  1. Article ; Online: Giants in Chest Medicine: Donald C. Zavala, MD, FCCP.

    Kline, Joel N / Zabner, Joseph

    Chest

    2019  Volume 155, Issue 4, Page(s) 659–661

    MeSH term(s) Bronchoscopy/history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Lung Diseases/history ; Pulmonary Medicine/history ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Biography ; Historical Article ; Portrait ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 1032552-9
    ISSN 1931-3543 ; 0012-3692
    ISSN (online) 1931-3543
    ISSN 0012-3692
    DOI 10.1016/j.chest.2018.12.025
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  2. Article: Central nervous system influences in asthma.

    Kline, Joel N / Rose, Robert M

    Advances in experimental medicine and biology

    2014  Volume 795, Page(s) 309–319

    Abstract: Asthma is a biomedical disorder whose presentation can be markedly influenced by neurological and psychological factors. This chapter describes several approaches that provide insight into the role of psychological factors and brain function in asthma. ... ...

    Abstract Asthma is a biomedical disorder whose presentation can be markedly influenced by neurological and psychological factors. This chapter describes several approaches that provide insight into the role of psychological factors and brain function in asthma. These include the study of placebo responses and recent explorations using functional neuroimaging during the onset of asthma symptoms. Although the specific mechanisms involved remain uncertain, we are gaining an appreciation for some of the neurocircuitry that is involved. The insula and ACC may modulate inflammatory processes by their influence on neuroendocrine responses to stress, including highly studied effects on the HPA axis and its physiologic responses. However much we have recently learned, it is clear that further study of this topic is critical to fully explicate the role of the brain in asthma.
    MeSH term(s) Asthma/pathology ; Asthma/physiopathology ; Asthma/psychology ; Attention ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology ; Functional Neuroimaging ; Gyrus Cinguli/pathology ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiopathology ; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/pathology ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiopathology ; Inflammation/pathology ; Inflammation/physiopathology ; Inflammation/psychology ; Neurosecretory Systems/pathology ; Neurosecretory Systems/physiopathology ; Pituitary-Adrenal System/pathology ; Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiopathology ; Placebo Effect ; Psychological Tests ; Stress, Psychological/pathology ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ISSN 2214-8019 ; 0065-2598
    ISSN (online) 2214-8019
    ISSN 0065-2598
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8603-9_19
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  3. Article: Immunotherapy of asthma using CpG oligodeoxynucleotides.

    Kline, Joel N

    Immunologic research

    2007  Volume 39, Issue 1-3, Page(s) 279–286

    Abstract: Asthma and other atopic disorders have increased in prevalence and severity over the past three decades. Reduced risk of atopic disease associated with early life exposure to infections and microbes has raised the possibility that pathogen-associated ... ...

    Abstract Asthma and other atopic disorders have increased in prevalence and severity over the past three decades. Reduced risk of atopic disease associated with early life exposure to infections and microbes has raised the possibility that pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) may confer protection against allergic disorders, a concept that has been named the "Hygiene Hypothesis". This relationship is most likely mediated through the induction of specific patterns of anti-atopic immune responses that follow engagement of innate immune mechanisms. Bacterial DNA is one such immunostimulatory microbe-associated ligand, whose properties can be mimicked by oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotides in specific base sequences (CpG motifs), motifs characteristic of prokaryotic DNA that have been suppressed in eukaryotic DNA. Based initially on observations that CpG ODN induced Th1-type patterns of immune responses, we proposed that CpG ODN might represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of atopic disorders. Current understanding suggests multiple mechanisms of action of CpG ODN, but our initial hypothesis has been supported by extensive studies demonstrating, in animal models, efficacy in both incipient and established atopic asthma. These preclinical studies are now being translated into clinical trials exploring this new approach to immunotherapy for atopic disease.
    MeSH term(s) Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Animals ; Asthma/immunology ; Asthma/metabolism ; Asthma/prevention & control ; Asthma/therapy ; Cytokines/immunology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/immunology ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/metabolism ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/therapeutic use ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology
    Chemical Substances Adjuvants, Immunologic ; CPG-oligonucleotide ; Cytokines ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-10-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 632857-x
    ISSN 1559-0755 ; 0257-277X
    ISSN (online) 1559-0755
    ISSN 0257-277X
    DOI 10.1007/s12026-007-0083-2
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  4. Article: Eat dirt: CpG DNA and immunomodulation of asthma.

    Kline, Joel N

    Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society

    2007  Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) 283–288

    Abstract: Asthma is a disorder of increasing prevalence and severity that has been linked with reduced early-life exposure to microbes and microbial products. Populations with increased environmental exposures to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (e.g., ... ...

    Abstract Asthma is a disorder of increasing prevalence and severity that has been linked with reduced early-life exposure to microbes and microbial products. Populations with increased environmental exposures to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (e.g., children who have large numbers of older siblings, who were raised on farms, and who have earlier out-of-home day-care attendance) have fewer and less severe atopic disorders. The mechanism(s) responsible for these observations remain uncertain, but modulation by pathogen-associated molecular patterns of the inflammatory milieu (and thus the setting in which allergens may be encountered) has received strong support. One microbial product with marked immunostimulatory properties is bacterial DNA, which differs from mammalian DNA in the frequency of cytosine-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides; many of the effects of bacterial DNA can be recapitulated by oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing CpG in specific base sequence motifs (CpG ODNs). Because CpG ODNs induce Th1-type cytokines (which can suppress the Th2-type responses that cause many of the manifestations of allergic disease), we speculated that they may be useful in preventing or reversing the eosinophilic inflammation of atopic asthma. We found this to be the case, using murine models of incipient and established allergic asthma, but learned that the Th1-type cytokines were not critical for efficacy. Subsequent work has suggested that induction of regulatory-type responses (from T cells and antigen-presenting cells) is involved in the protection provided by CpG ODNs. Ongoing clinical trials are examining the utility of CpG ODNs alone and as an adjuvant for immunotherapy in human populations with atopic disease.
    MeSH term(s) Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology ; Animals ; Asthma/immunology ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Immunity, Innate ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/pharmacology ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 9/agonists ; Toll-Like Receptor 9/immunology
    Chemical Substances Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Toll-Like Receptor 9
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2132421-9
    ISSN 1943-5665 ; 1546-3222
    ISSN (online) 1943-5665
    ISSN 1546-3222
    DOI 10.1513/pats.200701-019AW
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  5. Article ; Online: Radiomics-based Machine-learning Models Can Detect Pancreatic Cancer on Prediagnostic Computed Tomography Scans at a Substantial Lead Time Before Clinical Diagnosis.

    Mukherjee, Sovanlal / Patra, Anurima / Khasawneh, Hala / Korfiatis, Panagiotis / Rajamohan, Naveen / Suman, Garima / Majumder, Shounak / Panda, Ananya / Johnson, Matthew P / Larson, Nicholas B / Wright, Darryl E / Kline, Timothy L / Fletcher, Joel G / Chari, Suresh T / Goenka, Ajit H

    Gastroenterology

    2022  Volume 163, Issue 5, Page(s) 1435–1446.e3

    Abstract: ... of model with highest accuracy was further validated on an independent internal dataset (n = 176) and ... the public National Institutes of Health dataset (n = 80). Two radiologists (R4 and R5) independently ... findings of PDAC in control subjects (n = 83) (7% R4, 18% R5).: Conclusions: Radiomics-based ML models ...

    Abstract Background & aims: Our purpose was to detect pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at the prediagnostic stage (3-36 months before clinical diagnosis) using radiomics-based machine-learning (ML) models, and to compare performance against radiologists in a case-control study.
    Methods: Volumetric pancreas segmentation was performed on prediagnostic computed tomography scans (CTs) (median interval between CT and PDAC diagnosis: 398 days) of 155 patients and an age-matched cohort of 265 subjects with normal pancreas. A total of 88 first-order and gray-level radiomic features were extracted and 34 features were selected through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-based feature selection method. The dataset was randomly divided into training (292 CTs: 110 prediagnostic and 182 controls) and test subsets (128 CTs: 45 prediagnostic and 83 controls). Four ML classifiers, k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), were evaluated. Specificity of model with highest accuracy was further validated on an independent internal dataset (n = 176) and the public National Institutes of Health dataset (n = 80). Two radiologists (R4 and R5) independently evaluated the pancreas on a 5-point diagnostic scale.
    Results: Median (range) time between prediagnostic CTs of the test subset and PDAC diagnosis was 386 (97-1092) days. SVM had the highest sensitivity (mean; 95% confidence interval) (95.5; 85.5-100.0), specificity (90.3; 84.3-91.5), F1-score (89.5; 82.3-91.7), area under the curve (AUC) (0.98; 0.94-0.98), and accuracy (92.2%; 86.7-93.7) for classification of CTs into prediagnostic versus normal. All 3 other ML models, KNN, RF, and XGBoost, had comparable AUCs (0.95, 0.95, and 0.96, respectively). The high specificity of SVM was generalizable to both the independent internal (92.6%) and the National Institutes of Health dataset (96.2%). In contrast, interreader radiologist agreement was only fair (Cohen's kappa 0.3) and their mean AUC (0.66; 0.46-0.86) was lower than each of the 4 ML models (AUCs: 0.95-0.98) (P < .001). Radiologists also recorded false positive indirect findings of PDAC in control subjects (n = 83) (7% R4, 18% R5).
    Conclusions: Radiomics-based ML models can detect PDAC from normal pancreas when it is beyond human interrogation capability at a substantial lead time before clinical diagnosis. Prospective validation and integration of such models with complementary fluid-based biomarkers has the potential for PDAC detection at a stage when surgical cure is a possibility.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Case-Control Studies ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/diagnostic imaging ; Machine Learning ; Retrospective Studies ; Pancreatic Neoplasms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 80112-4
    ISSN 1528-0012 ; 0016-5085
    ISSN (online) 1528-0012
    ISSN 0016-5085
    DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.06.066
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  6. Article ; Online: Rapid onset of effect of benralizumab on morning peak expiratory flow in severe, uncontrolled asthma.

    Chupp, Geoffrey / Lugogo, Njira L / Kline, Joel N / Ferguson, Gary T / Hirsch, Ian / Goldman, Mitchell / Zangrilli, James G / Trudo, Frank

    Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology

    2019  Volume 122, Issue 5, Page(s) 478–485

    Abstract: Background: Benralizumab is a unique eosinophil-depleting monoclonal antibody that significantly reduces asthma exacerbations, improves lung function and asthma symptoms, and permits the reduction of maintenance oral corticosteroid dosage for patients ... ...

    Abstract Background: Benralizumab is a unique eosinophil-depleting monoclonal antibody that significantly reduces asthma exacerbations, improves lung function and asthma symptoms, and permits the reduction of maintenance oral corticosteroid dosage for patients with severe, uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma.
    Objective: To assess benralizumab's onset of action and efficacy by examining change in morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) after initiation of treatment in the phase 3 clinical trials SIROCCO, CALIMA, and ZONDA.
    Methods: Mixed-model repeated-measures analysis was used to calculate PEF using daily least squares mean changes from baseline in morning PEF as well as differences between the benralizumab every 8 weeks (first 3 doses every 4 weeks) and placebo groups. A Bayesian nonlinear mixed-effects approach with an exponential relationship was used to model trial data to determine time to clinically meaningful improvement in morning PEF (defined as ≥25 L/min).
    Results: Least squares mean morning PEF improvement from baseline was numerically greater by Day 2 after initiation of benralizumab therapy in all 3 trials. The Bayesian nonlinear mixed-effects model indicated that PEF improvement reached the clinically meaningful threshold within 3 weeks in SIROCCO and CALIMA and 2 weeks in ZONDA.
    Conclusion: In 3 phase 3 randomized clinical trials, benralizumab provided notable improvement in morning PEF 2 days after initiation and clinically meaningful improvements within 3 weeks for patients with severe, uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma. The rapid improvement in PEF demonstrated in these trials suggests that benralizumab's unique mechanism of action rapidly improves lung function for patients with severe, eosinophilic asthma.
    Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT01928771 (SIROCCO), NCT01914757 (CALIMA), and NCT02075255 (ZONDA).
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Asthma/immunology ; Asthma/physiopathology ; Bayes Theorem ; Child ; Double-Blind Method ; Eosinophilia/drug therapy ; Eosinophilia/immunology ; Eosinophilia/physiopathology ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; benralizumab (71492GE1FX)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial, Phase III ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1228189-x
    ISSN 1534-4436 ; 0003-4738 ; 1081-1206
    ISSN (online) 1534-4436
    ISSN 0003-4738 ; 1081-1206
    DOI 10.1016/j.anai.2019.02.016
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  7. Article: DNA therapy for asthma.

    Kline, Joel N

    Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology

    2002  Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) 69–73

    Abstract: Asthma therapy, like other therapies, has been moving towards a molecular basis for several years. This year, there have been several preclinical studies published which utilize attributes or facets of DNA to address asthma therapeutics. These include ... ...

    Abstract Asthma therapy, like other therapies, has been moving towards a molecular basis for several years. This year, there have been several preclinical studies published which utilize attributes or facets of DNA to address asthma therapeutics. These include antisense oligonucleotides (against the nuclear transcription factor GATA-3 and the mast cell chemotactic agent, stem cell factor), gene transfer (of interleukin-18, both by plasmid and viral vectors), and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (which suppress Th2 and stimulate Th1 responses). No clinical experience has yet been reported for any of these areas of research in asthma, but clinical trials are ongoing utilizing CpG oligonucleotides.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antisense Elements (Genetics)/therapeutic use ; Asthma/therapy ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Interleukin-18/genetics ; Interleukin-18/therapeutic use ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/pharmacology ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/therapeutic use ; Ovum/metabolism ; Ovum/parasitology ; Plasmids/administration & dosage ; Schistosoma/parasitology ; Schistosoma/pathogenicity ; Trans-Activators/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antisense Elements (Genetics) ; CPG-oligonucleotide ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; GATA3 protein, human ; Gata3 protein, mouse ; Interleukin-18 ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Trans-Activators
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-04-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2088710-3
    ISSN 1528-4050
    ISSN 1528-4050
    DOI 10.1097/00130832-200202000-00011
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  8. Article ; Online: Use of CpG oligonucleotides in treatment of asthma and allergic disease.

    Fonseca, David E / Kline, Joel N

    Advanced drug delivery reviews

    2009  Volume 61, Issue 3, Page(s) 256–262

    Abstract: In the last several decades, there has been a marked increase in the prevalence of atopic disorders including asthma in "Western" societies; a relationship has been identified between lack of early-life exposure to microbes or microbial products and ... ...

    Abstract In the last several decades, there has been a marked increase in the prevalence of atopic disorders including asthma in "Western" societies; a relationship has been identified between lack of early-life exposure to microbes or microbial products and increased susceptibility to atopic disorders. The innate immune system is activated by early microbial exposures, many of which utilize one of the Toll-like receptors, and there has been significant interest in studying how ligation of TLRs may be therapeutically useful. CpG oligonucleotides (CpG-ODN, resembling bacterial DNA) engage TLR-9 on B-cells, dendritic cells and other cell types, resulting in a cascade that includes induction of Th1-type and T-regulatory-type immune responses. Preclinical models of asthma have demonstrated that CpG-ODN are potent inhibitors of atopic responses, suppressing Th2 cytokine and, reducing airway eosinophilia, systemic levels of IgE, and bronchial hyperreactivity-in short the critical attributes of the asthmatic phenotype. In models of chronic allergen exposure, CpG-ODN are also effective at preventing the development of airway remodeling. In established asthma, CpG-ODN can reverse manifestations of disease, both when used alone or in combination with allergen immunotherapy. Early clinical trials have had mixed results, including a significant benefit when CpG-ODN were conjugated to ragweed allergen in an allergic rhinitis immunotherapy study, but only limited efficacy seen when administered prior to allergen challenge in asthmatics. Further study of CpG-ODNs for the treatment of asthma and other atopic disorders is warranted by existing data.
    MeSH term(s) Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Asthma/immunology ; Asthma/metabolism ; CpG Islands ; Cytokines/immunology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/drug therapy ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/metabolism ; Immunotherapy ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/therapeutic use ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology
    Chemical Substances Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Anti-Allergic Agents ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; CPG-oligonucleotide ; Cytokines ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-03-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639113-8
    ISSN 1872-8294 ; 0169-409X
    ISSN (online) 1872-8294
    ISSN 0169-409X
    DOI 10.1016/j.addr.2008.12.007
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  9. Article: Toll-like receptor 9 activation with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides for asthma therapy.

    Kline, Joel N / Krieg, Arthur M

    Drug news & perspectives

    2008  Volume 21, Issue 8, Page(s) 434–439

    Abstract: Prokaryotic DNA has long been recognized as immunostimulatory. In the last decade the role played by CpG motifs (nucleotide sequence motifs centered on a cytosine-guanine dinucleotide) in bacterial and viral DNA has been elucidated. CpG motifs are ... ...

    Abstract Prokaryotic DNA has long been recognized as immunostimulatory. In the last decade the role played by CpG motifs (nucleotide sequence motifs centered on a cytosine-guanine dinucleotide) in bacterial and viral DNA has been elucidated. CpG motifs are detected by the innate immune pattern recognition receptor Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9, the ligation of which activates multiple signal cascades in responding cells. A restricted pattern of TLR9 expression to certain dendritic cells and B cells appears to provide relative specificity in responses, especially in comparison to other TLR ligands. TLR9 activation induces a Th1-like pattern of cytokine release which led to interest in the use of synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) for the prevention and treatment of Th2-associated atopic disorders such as asthma. Interestingly, Th1 cytokines do not appear to be necessary for a therapeutic response in preclinical models of atopic asthma. Additional potential mechanisms of action include induction of regulatory-type responses (involving interleukin-10 release), and expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. CpG ODN have been shown to prevent and reverse antigen-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation in animal models; human trials are ongoing with encouraging early results when used as a ragweed vaccine adjuvant in allergic upper airway disease.
    MeSH term(s) Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology ; Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Asthma/immunology ; Humans ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/pharmacology ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/therapeutic use ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 9/agonists
    Chemical Substances Adjuvants, Immunologic ; CPG-oligonucleotide ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Toll-Like Receptor 9
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-11-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 885125-6
    ISSN 2013-0139 ; 0214-0934
    ISSN (online) 2013-0139
    ISSN 0214-0934
    DOI 10.1358/dnp.2008.21.8.1272133
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  10. Article ; Online: A four-dimensional computed tomography comparison of healthy and asthmatic human lungs.

    Jahani, Nariman / Choi, Sanghun / Choi, Jiwoong / Haghighi, Babak / Hoffman, Eric A / Comellas, Alejandro P / Kline, Joel N / Lin, Ching-Long

    Journal of biomechanics

    2017  Volume 56, Page(s) 102–110

    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore new insights in non-linearity, hysteresis and ventilation heterogeneity of asthmatic human lungs using four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) image data acquired during tidal breathing. Volumetric image data ...

    Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore new insights in non-linearity, hysteresis and ventilation heterogeneity of asthmatic human lungs using four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) image data acquired during tidal breathing. Volumetric image data were acquired for 5 non-severe and one severe asthmatic volunteers. Besides 4D-CT image data, function residual capacity and total lung capacity image data during breath-hold were acquired for comparison with dynamic scans. Quantitative results were compared with the previously reported analysis of five healthy human lungs. Using an image registration technique, local variables such as regional ventilation and anisotropic deformation index (ADI) were estimated. Regional ventilation characteristics of non-severe asthmatic subjects were similar to those of healthy subjects, but different from the severe asthmatic subject. Lobar airflow fractions were also well correlated between static and dynamic scans (R
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Asthma/diagnostic imaging ; Asthma/physiopathology ; Female ; Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Lung/physiology ; Lung/physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiration
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218076-5
    ISSN 1873-2380 ; 0021-9290
    ISSN (online) 1873-2380
    ISSN 0021-9290
    DOI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.03.012
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