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  1. Book: Wolbachia

    Fallon, Ann M.

    methods and protocols

    (Methods in molecular biology ; 2739 ; Springer protocols)

    2024  

    Author's details edited by Ann M. Fallon
    Series title Methods in molecular biology ; 2739
    Springer protocols
    Collection
    Language English
    Size x, 380 Seiten, Illustrationen
    Publisher Humana Press
    Publishing place New York, NY
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT030595641
    ISBN 978-1-0716-3552-0 ; 9781071635537 ; 1-0716-3552-2 ; 1071635530
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  2. Article ; Online: Wolbachia: Advancing into a Second Century.

    Fallon, Ann M

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2023  Volume 2739, Page(s) 1–13

    Abstract: Wolbachia pipientis had its scientific debut nearly a century ago and has recently emerged as a target for therapeutic treatment of filarial infections and an attractive tool for control of arthropod pests. Wolbachia was known as a biological entity ... ...

    Abstract Wolbachia pipientis had its scientific debut nearly a century ago and has recently emerged as a target for therapeutic treatment of filarial infections and an attractive tool for control of arthropod pests. Wolbachia was known as a biological entity before DNA was recognized as the molecule that carries the genetic information on which life depends, and before arthropods and nematodes were grouped in the Ecdysozoa. Today, some investigators consider Wolbachia the most abundant endosymbiont on earth, given the numbers of its hosts and its diverse mutualistic, commensal, and parasitic roles in their life histories. Recent advances in molecular technologies have revolutionized our understanding of Wolbachia and its associated reproductive phenotypes. New models have emerged for its investigation, and substantial progress has been made towards Wolbachia-based interventions in medicine and agriculture. Here I introduce Wolbachia, with a focus on aspects of its biology that are covered in greater detail in subsequent chapters.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Wolbachia/genetics ; Filarioidea ; Arthropods ; Symbiosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-3553-7_1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Preparation of Infectious Wolbachia from a Mosquito Cell Line.

    Fallon, Ann M

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2023  Volume 2739, Page(s) 157–171

    Abstract: Eventual genetic engineering of Wolbachia will require maximizing recovery of infectious bacteria, maintaining Wolbachia in a viable state for efficient manipulation, and reinfection of host cells for propagation and expansion of recombinant progeny. ... ...

    Abstract Eventual genetic engineering of Wolbachia will require maximizing recovery of infectious bacteria, maintaining Wolbachia in a viable state for efficient manipulation, and reinfection of host cells for propagation and expansion of recombinant progeny. Challenges to manipulating Wolbachia arise from its obligate intracellular lifestyle and inability to divide outside a host cell, requiring modifications of standard bacteriological methods. The Aedes albopictus C7-10 cell line has proven to be a good recipient for the Wolbachia supergroup B strain, wStri, from the planthopper Laodelphax striatellus; the persistently infected C/wStri1 population provides a source of wStri inoculum that can be used systematically to explore conditions that increase yields of infectious material from input Wolbachia and identify conditions conducive to Wolbachia replication. After reintroduction into naive, uninfected C7-10 cells, wStri recovery, relative to the input inoculum, is influenced by diverse conditions, such as the cell cycle arrest that follows treatment of infected host cells with the insect steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone. Pretreatment of recipient cells with mitomycin C, which cross-links DNA and inhibits host cell replication, can improve recovery from low levels of input Wolbachia. This protocol describes preparation of infectious inoculum from Aedes albopictus C/wStri1 cells and amplification of Wolbachia in mitomycin C-treated, uninfected C7-10 cells, followed by a brief description of conditions used for various small-scale manipulations of Wolbachia in infected cells.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Wolbachia/genetics ; Mitomycin ; Cell Line ; Aedes
    Chemical Substances Mitomycin (50SG953SK6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-3553-7_10
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: From Mosquito Ovaries to Ecdysone; from Ecdysone to

    Fallon, Ann M

    Insects

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 8

    Abstract: In anautogenous mosquitoes, synchronous development of terminal ovarian follicles after a blood meal provides an important model for studies on insect reproduction. Removal and implantation of ovaries, in vitro culture of dissected tissues and ... ...

    Abstract In anautogenous mosquitoes, synchronous development of terminal ovarian follicles after a blood meal provides an important model for studies on insect reproduction. Removal and implantation of ovaries, in vitro culture of dissected tissues and immunological assays for vitellogenin synthesis by the fat body showed that the
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2662247-6
    ISSN 2075-4450
    ISSN 2075-4450
    DOI 10.3390/insects13080756
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Muramidase, nuclease, or hypothetical protein genes intervene between paired genes encoding DNA packaging terminase and portal proteins in Wolbachia phages and prophages.

    Fallon, Ann M

    Virus genes

    2022  Volume 58, Issue 4, Page(s) 327–349

    Abstract: Genomes of the obligate intracellular alpha proteobacterium Wolbachia pipientis often encode prophage-like regions, and in a few cases, purified particles have been recovered. Because the structure of a conserved WO phage genome has been difficult to ... ...

    Abstract Genomes of the obligate intracellular alpha proteobacterium Wolbachia pipientis often encode prophage-like regions, and in a few cases, purified particles have been recovered. Because the structure of a conserved WO phage genome has been difficult to establish, we examined paired terminase and portal genes in Wolbachia phages and prophages, relative to those encoded by the gene transfer agent RcGTA from the free-living alpha proteobacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. Terminase and portal proteins from Wolbachia have higher similarity to orthologs encoded by RcGTA than to orthologs encoded by bacteriophage lambda. In lambdoid phages, these proteins play key roles in assembly of mature phage particles, while in less well-studied gene transfer agents, terminase and portal proteins package random fragments of bacterial DNA, which could confound elucidation of WO phage genomes. In WO phages and prophages, terminase genes followed by a short gpW gene may be separated from the downstream portal gene by open-reading frames encoding a GH_25 hydrolase/muramidase, a PD-(D/E)XK nuclease, a hypothetical protein and/or a RelE/ParE toxin-antitoxin module. These aspects of gene organization, coupled with evidence for a low, non-inducible yield of WO phages, and the small size of WO phage particles described in the literature raise the possibility that Wolbachia prophage regions participate in processes that extend beyond conventional bacteriophage lysogeny and lytic replication. These intervening genes, and their possible relation to functions associated with GTAs, may contribute to variability among WO phage genomes recovered from physical particles and impact the ability of WO phages to act as transducing agents.
    MeSH term(s) Bacteriophages/genetics ; DNA Packaging ; Endodeoxyribonucleases ; Muramidase/genetics ; Prophages/genetics ; Wolbachia/genetics
    Chemical Substances Endodeoxyribonucleases (EC 3.1.-) ; terminase (EC 3.1.-) ; Muramidase (EC 3.2.1.17)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639496-6
    ISSN 1572-994X ; 0920-8569
    ISSN (online) 1572-994X
    ISSN 0920-8569
    DOI 10.1007/s11262-022-01907-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Mitotically inactivated mosquito cells support robust Wolbachia infection and replication.

    Fallon, Ann M

    In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal

    2022  Volume 58, Issue 9, Page(s) 780–787

    Abstract: Wolbachia is an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects many species of insects, and has been of particular interest in recent efforts to reduce disease transmission by mosquitoes. Two aspects of Wolbachia biology underlie its applications for ... ...

    Abstract Wolbachia is an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects many species of insects, and has been of particular interest in recent efforts to reduce disease transmission by mosquitoes. Two aspects of Wolbachia biology underlie its applications for insect control: first, the bacterium behaves as a natural gene drive agent and, second, when introduced into mosquitoes that do not harbor Wolbachia in nature, infection reduces survival of pathogens. These properties support efforts to explore the basic biology of Wolbachia in insect cell lines, which can produce sufficient infectious material for microbiological studies and microinjection into novel hosts. When introduced into naïve C7-10 Aedes albopictus mosquito cells, the yield of Wolbachia strain wStri improves, roughly in proportion to the size of the inoculum, as exponential growth of the host cell ceases. Wolbachia yields also increase when persistently infected C/wStri1 cells or naive, newly infected cells are treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), which inhibits growth in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. These observations suggest that Wolbachia infection and replication are independent of exponential growth and mitosis of host cells. To explore yields of infectious bacteria in cells arrested prior to infection, I tested host cells pre-treated with mitomycin C, an agent that crosslinks DNA and prevents cell division that is used to produce "feeder layers" with mammalian cells. Yields of wStri per plate increased by about 50-fold relative to exponentially growing cells, and the multiplicity of infection necessary for a robust infection was reduced to a single bacterium per cell. These results suggest that Wolbachia infection and replication are supported by mitotically arrested cells and provide new insights into biological processes that influence maintenance of a widespread obligate intracellular bacterium.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Wolbachia ; Aedes ; Cell Line ; Mammals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-21
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1077810-x
    ISSN 1543-706X ; 0883-8364 ; 1071-2690
    ISSN (online) 1543-706X
    ISSN 0883-8364 ; 1071-2690
    DOI 10.1007/s11626-022-00726-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Virus-like Particles from

    Fallon, Ann M / Carroll, Elissa M

    Insects

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 6

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Wolbachia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662247-6
    ISSN 2075-4450
    ISSN 2075-4450
    DOI 10.3390/insects14060516
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Growth and Maintenance of

    Fallon, Ann M

    Insects

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 8

    Abstract: The obligate intracellular microbe, ...

    Abstract The obligate intracellular microbe,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-06
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2075-4450
    ISSN 2075-4450
    DOI 10.3390/insects12080706
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Assessment of mitotically inactivated mosquito cell feeder layers produced with mitomycin C.

    Fallon, Ann M

    In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal

    2021  Volume 57, Issue 6, Page(s) 583–586

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Coculture Techniques ; Culicidae/drug effects ; Culicidae/genetics ; Feeder Cells/drug effects ; Humans ; Mitomycin/pharmacology ; Mitosis
    Chemical Substances Mitomycin (50SG953SK6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-28
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1077810-x
    ISSN 1543-706X ; 0883-8364 ; 1071-2690
    ISSN (online) 1543-706X
    ISSN 0883-8364 ; 1071-2690
    DOI 10.1007/s11626-021-00597-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: DNA recombination and repair in Wolbachia: RecA and related proteins.

    Fallon, Ann M

    Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG

    2021  Volume 296, Issue 2, Page(s) 437–456

    Abstract: Wolbachia is an obligate intracellular bacterium that has undergone extensive genomic streamlining in its arthropod and nematode hosts. Because the gene encoding the bacterial DNA recombination/repair protein RecA is not essential in Escherichia coli, ... ...

    Abstract Wolbachia is an obligate intracellular bacterium that has undergone extensive genomic streamlining in its arthropod and nematode hosts. Because the gene encoding the bacterial DNA recombination/repair protein RecA is not essential in Escherichia coli, abundant expression of this protein in a mosquito cell line persistently infected with Wolbachia strain wStri was unexpected. However, RecA's role in the lytic cycle of bacteriophage lambda provides an explanation for retention of recA in strains known to encode lambda-like WO prophages. To examine DNA recombination/repair capacities in Wolbachia, a systematic examination of RecA and related proteins in complete or nearly complete Wolbachia genomes from supergroups A, B, C, D, E, F, J and S was undertaken. Genes encoding proteins including RecA, RecF, RecO, RecR, RecG and Holliday junction resolvases RuvA, RuvB and RuvC are uniformly absent from Wolbachia in supergroup C and have reduced representation in supergroups D and J, suggesting that recombination and repair activities are compromised in nematode-associated Wolbachia, relative to strains that infect arthropods. An exception is filarial Wolbachia strain wMhie, assigned to supergroup F, which occurs in a nematode host from a poikilothermic lizard. Genes encoding LexA and error-prone polymerases are absent from all Wolbachia genomes, suggesting that the SOS functions induced by RecA-mediated activation of LexA do not occur, despite retention of genes encoding a few proteins that respond to LexA induction in E. coli. Three independent E. coli accessions converge on a single Wolbachia UvrD helicase, which interacts with mismatch repair proteins MutS and MutL, encoded in nearly all Wolbachia genomes. With the exception of MutL, which has been mapped to a eukaryotic association module in Phage WO, proteins involved in recombination/repair are uniformly represented by single protein annotations. Putative phage-encoded MutL proteins are restricted to Wolbachia supergroups A and B and show higher amino acid identity than chromosomally encoded MutL orthologs. This analysis underscores differences between nematode and arthropod-associated Wolbachia and describes aspects of DNA metabolism that potentially impact development of procedures for transformation and genetic manipulation of Wolbachia.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Arthropods/microbiology ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; DNA Repair ; Host Specificity ; Multigene Family ; Nematoda/microbiology ; Rec A Recombinases/genetics ; Rec A Recombinases/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Serine Endopeptidases/genetics ; Species Specificity ; Wolbachia/classification ; Wolbachia/genetics ; Wolbachia/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Proteins ; LexA protein, Bacteria ; Rec A Recombinases (EC 2.7.7.-) ; Serine Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.21.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-28
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2044817-X
    ISSN 1617-4623 ; 1617-4615
    ISSN (online) 1617-4623
    ISSN 1617-4615
    DOI 10.1007/s00438-020-01760-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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