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Article ; Online: Direct numerical simulation of the turbulent flow around a Flettner rotor.

Massaro, Daniele / Karp, Martin / Jansson, Niclas / Markidis, Stefano / Schlatter, Philipp

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 3004

Abstract: The three-dimensional turbulent flow around a Flettner rotor, i.e. an engine-driven rotating cylinder in an atmospheric boundary layer, is studied via direct numerical simulations (DNS) for three different rotation speeds ([Formula: see text]). This ... ...

Abstract	The three-dimensional turbulent flow around a Flettner rotor, i.e. an engine-driven rotating cylinder in an atmospheric boundary layer, is studied via direct numerical simulations (DNS) for three different rotation speeds ([Formula: see text]). This technology offers a sustainable alternative mainly for marine propulsion, underscoring the critical importance of comprehending the characteristics of such flow. In this study, we evaluate the aerodynamic loads produced by the rotor of height h, with a specific focus on the changes in lift and drag force along the vertical axis of the cylinder. Correspondingly, we observe that vortex shedding is inhibited at the highest [Formula: see text] values investigated. However, in the case of intermediate [Formula: see text], vortices continue to be shed in the upper section of the cylinder ([Formula: see text]). As the cylinder begins to rotate, a large-scale motion becomes apparent on the high-pressure side, close to the bottom wall. We offer both a qualitative and quantitative description of this motion, outlining its impact on the wake deflection. This finding is significant as it influences the rotor wake to an extent of approximately one hundred diameters downstream. In practical applications, this phenomenon could influence the performance of subsequent boats and have an impact on the cylinder drag, affecting its fuel consumption. This fundamental study, which investigates a limited yet significant (for DNS) Reynolds number and explores various spinning ratios, provides valuable insights into the complex flow around a Flettner rotor. The simulations were performed using a modern GPU-based spectral element method, leveraging the power of modern supercomputers towards fundamental engineering problems.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-53194-x
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Article ; Online: Abortion information-seeking experiences among women who obtained abortions in Kinshasa, DRC: Results from a qualitative study.

Ngondo, Denise / Karp, Celia / Kayembe, Dynah / Basile, Kisulu Samyonga / Moreau, Caroline / Akilimali, Pierre / Bell, Suzanne O

PLOS global public health

2024 Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) e0002383

Abstract: Little is known about the process of seeking information related to abortion care options among women in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Understanding how women obtain information can help identify opportunities for intervention to increase ... ...

Abstract	Little is known about the process of seeking information related to abortion care options among women in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Understanding how women obtain information can help identify opportunities for intervention to increase awareness and use of safe pregnancy termination options. Using qualitative data collected from women in Kinshasa, DRC who reported having an abortion in the last 10 years, this study aims to determine how women navigate obtaining information about their options for abortion and the role of their social network in their information-seeking processes. Data for this analysis come from a mixed-method study of abortion in Kinshasa conducted from December 2021 to April 2022. Fifty-two qualitative interviews followed a structured interview guide, including open-ended questions and probes, developed by a multidisciplinary team of researchers in Kinshasa and the United States. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted using Atlas.ti, and a thematic analysis matrix was used to describe the major themes and subthemes. Thematic analysis revealed two main themes with nested subthemes. The first and most salient theme highlighted the highly selective and narrow information search process women engaged in, involving no others or very few individuals (e.g., partners, women in one's community, or providers) that the pregnant woman chose strategically. The second theme revealed the heterogeneous and often stigmatizing nature of these interactions, including attempts at deterrence from many sources and information of varying completeness and accuracy. While the recent liberalization of the abortion law in the DRC is essential to improve access to safe abortion, public health gains will not materialize unless they are accompanied by community-level actions to raise awareness about the legality and availability of safe abortions services, including medication abortion pills for safe self-managed abortion.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2767-3375
ISSN (online)	2767-3375
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgph.0002383
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Article ; Online: Minimizing Nipple-Areolar Complex Complications in Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction After Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy.

Perez-Otero, Sofia / Hemal, Kshipra / Boyd, Carter J / Kabir, Raeesa / Sorenson, Thomas J / Jacobson, Alexis / Thanik, Vishal D / Levine, Jamie P / Cohen, Oriana D / Karp, Nolan S / Choi, Mihye

Annals of plastic surgery

2024 Volume 92, Issue 4S Suppl 2, Page(s) S179–S184

Abstract: ... skin loss involving the entirety of the NAC. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant ... 0.29-0.98; P < 0.05) and higher mastectomy weight (odds ratio, 1.1; CI, 1.01-1.20; P < 0.05). Prior ... necrosis (95% CI, 0.88-427.6; P = 0.06).: Conclusions: Nipple-areolar complex necrosis following ...

Abstract	Purpose: Nipple-areolar complex (NAC) viability remains a significant concern following prepectoral tissue expander (TE) reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM). This study assesses the impact of intraoperative TE fill on NAC necrosis and identifies strategies for mitigating this risk. Methods: A chart review of all consecutive, prepectoral TEs placed immediately after NSM was performed between March 2017 and December 2022 at a single center. Demographics, mastectomy weight, intraoperative TE fill, and complications were extracted for all patients. Partial NAC necrosis was defined as any thickness of skin loss including part of the NAC, whereas total NAC necrosis was defined as full-thickness skin loss involving the entirety of the NAC. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Forty-six patients (83 breasts) with an average follow-up of 22 months were included. Women were on average 46 years old, nonsmoker (98%), and nondiabetic (100%) and had a body mass index of 23 kg/m2. All reconstructions were performed immediately following prophylactic mastectomies in 49% and therapeutic mastectomies in 51% of cases. Three breasts (4%) were radiated, and 15 patients (33%) received chemotherapy. Mean mastectomy weight was 346 ± 274 g, median intraoperative TE fill was 150 ± 225 mL, and median final TE fill was 350 ± 170 mL. Partial NAC necrosis occurred in 7 breasts (8%), and there were zero instances of complete NAC necrosis. On univariate analysis, partial NAC necrosis was not associated with any patient demographic or operative characteristics, including intraoperative TE fill. In multivariable models controlling for age, body mass index, mastectomy weight, prior breast surgery, and intraoperative TE fill, partial NAC necrosis was associated with lower body mass index (odds ratio, 0.53; confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.98; P < 0.05) and higher mastectomy weight (odds ratio, 1.1; CI, 1.01-1.20; P < 0.05). Prior breast surgery approached significance, as those breasts had a 19.4 times higher odds of partial NAC necrosis (95% CI, 0.88-427.6; P = 0.06). Conclusions: Nipple-areolar complex necrosis following prepectoral TE reconstruction is a rare but serious complication. In this study of 83 breasts, 7 (8%) developed partial NAC necrosis, and all but one were able to be salvaged.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mastectomy/adverse effects ; Nipples/surgery ; Breast Neoplasms/complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Mastectomy, Subcutaneous/adverse effects ; Mammaplasty/adverse effects ; Necrosis/etiology ; Necrosis/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	423835-7
ISSN	1536-3708 ; 0148-7043
ISSN (online)	1536-3708
ISSN	0148-7043
DOI	10.1097/SAP.0000000000003906
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Article: CyanoCyc cyanobacterial web portal.

Moore, Lisa R / Caspi, Ron / Campbell, Douglas A / Casey, John R / Crevecoeur, Sophie / Lea-Smith, David J / Long, Bin / Omar, Naaman M / Paley, Suzanne M / Schmelling, Nicolas M / Torrado, Alejandro / Zehr, Jonathan P / Karp, Peter D

Frontiers in microbiology

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1340413

Abstract: CyanoCyc is a web portal that integrates an exceptionally rich database collection of information about cyanobacterial genomes with an extensive suite of bioinformatics tools. It was developed to address the needs of the cyanobacterial research and ... ...

Abstract	CyanoCyc is a web portal that integrates an exceptionally rich database collection of information about cyanobacterial genomes with an extensive suite of bioinformatics tools. It was developed to address the needs of the cyanobacterial research and biotechnology communities. The 277 annotated cyanobacterial genomes currently in CyanoCyc are supplemented with computational inferences including predicted metabolic pathways, operons, protein complexes, and orthologs; and with data imported from external databases, such as protein features and Gene Ontology (GO) terms imported from UniProt. Five of the genome databases have undergone manual curation with input from more than a dozen cyanobacteria experts to correct errors and integrate information from more than 1,765 published articles. CyanoCyc has bioinformatics tools that encompass genome, metabolic pathway and regulatory informatics; omics data analysis; and comparative analyses, including visualizations of multiple genomes aligned at orthologous genes, and comparisons of metabolic networks for multiple organisms. CyanoCyc is a high-quality, reliable knowledgebase that accelerates scientists' work by enabling users to quickly find accurate information using its powerful set of search tools, to understand gene function through expert mini-reviews with citations, to acquire information quickly using its interactive visualization tools, and to inform better decision-making for fundamental and applied research.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2024.1340413
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Article ; Online: Revisiting Reduction Mammaplasty: Complications of Oncoplastic and Symptomatic Macromastia Reductions.

Morrison, Kerry A / Frey, Jordan D / Karp, Nolan / Choi, Mihye

Plastic and reconstructive surgery

2022 Volume 151, Issue 2, Page(s) 267–276

Abstract: ... reduction (5.9%) was significantly different (P = 0.027). In univariate analysis, diabetes (P = 0.011 ... smoking (P = 0.007), higher body mass index (P = 0.003), larger reduction weight (P = 0.011), longer ... nipple-to-inframammary fold measurement (P = 0.014), and longer sternal notch-to-nipple measurement (P ...

Abstract	Background: Oncoplastic breast reduction has been shown to be an effective and safe approach to breast conservation surgery in women with macromastia. However, there remains a paucity of data investigating the comparative outcomes. This study seeks to delineate the complication profiles for oncoplastic and symmetrizing breast reductions versus mammaplasty for benign macromastia. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all consecutively performed reduction mammaplasty cases at a single institution by two plastic surgeons over a 2-year period. Results: A total of 632 breasts were analyzed: 502 reduction mammaplasties, 85 symmetrizing reductions, and 45 oncoplastic reductions in 342 patients. Mean age was 43.9 ± 15.93 years, mean body mass index was 29.15 ± 5.66 kg/m2, and mean reduction weight was 610.03 ± 313.13 g. Regarding surgical technique, a medial pedicle was used in 86% of cases. There were similar postoperative complication outcomes for nipple necrosis, wound healing, scar revision, fat necrosis, seroma, hematoma, and overall complication rates for all procedures. However, the rate of postoperative revision among reduction mammaplasty (2%), oncoplastic reduction (6.7%), and symmetrizing reduction (5.9%) was significantly different (P = 0.027). In univariate analysis, diabetes (P = 0.011), smoking (P = 0.007), higher body mass index (P = 0.003), larger reduction weight (P = 0.011), longer nipple-to-inframammary fold measurement (P = 0.014), and longer sternal notch-to-nipple measurement (P = 0.039) were all significant risk factors for a surgical complication in reductions performed for any indication. Using a multivariate logistic regression model, diabetes (P = 0.047), smoking (P = 0.025), and higher body mass index (P = 0.002) were all retained as statistically significant risk factors. Conclusion: The complication profiles for both oncoplastic breast reductions and breast reductions for symptomatic macromastia are similar and acceptably low. Clinical question/level of evidence: Therapeutic, III.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Mammaplasty/adverse effects ; Mammaplasty/methods ; Hypertrophy/complications ; Nipples/surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Postoperative Complications/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208012-6
ISSN	1529-4242 ; 0032-1052 ; 0096-8501
ISSN (online)	1529-4242
ISSN	0032-1052 ; 0096-8501
DOI	10.1097/PRS.0000000000009828
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Article ; Online: Associations between social determinants of health and abdominal solid organ transplant wait-lists in the United States.

Johnson, Wali R / Rega, Scott A / Feurer, Irene D / Karp, Seth J

Clinical transplantation

2022 , Page(s) e14784

Abstract: ... community capital/urbanicity were independently associated with wait-listing (starting models: B = .40, P ... 010 Kidney; B = .36, P = .038 Liver) (final models: B = .31, P = .027 Kidney, B = .34, P = .015 Liver ... In contrast and surprisingly, no other covariates were associated with wait-listing (P ≥ .122).: Conclusions ...

Abstract	Background: Societal factors that influence wait-listing for transplantation are complex and poorly understood. Social determinants of health (SDOH) affect rates of and outcomes after transplantation. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the impact of SDOH on additions to state-level, 2017-2018 kidney and liver wait-lists. Principal components analysis, starting with 127 variables among 3142 counties, was used to derive novel, comprehensive state-level composites, designated (1) health/economics and (2) community capital/urbanicity. Stepwise multivariate linear regression with backwards elimination (n = 51; 50 states and DC) tested the effects of these composites, Medicaid expansion, and center density on adult disease burden-adjusted wait-list additions. Results: SDOH related to increased community capital/urbanicity were independently associated with wait-listing (starting models: B = .40, P = .010 Kidney; B = .36, P = .038 Liver) (final models: B = .31, P = .027 Kidney, B = .34, P = .015 Liver). In contrast and surprisingly, no other covariates were associated with wait-listing (P ≥ .122). Conclusions: These results suggest that deficits in community resources are important contributors to disparities in wait-list access. Our composite SDOH metrics may help identify at-risk communities, which can be the focus of local and national policy initiatives to improve access to organ transplantation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-27
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639001-8
ISSN	1399-0012 ; 0902-0063
ISSN (online)	1399-0012
ISSN	0902-0063
DOI	10.1111/ctr.14784
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Article ; Online: Propensity score matching versus coarsened exact matching in observational comparative effectiveness research.

Guy, David / Karp, Igor / Wilk, Piotr / Chin, Joseph / Rodrigues, George

Journal of comparative effectiveness research

2021 Volume 10, Issue 11, Page(s) 939–951

Abstract: Aim & methods: ...

Abstract	Aim & methods:
MeSH term(s)	Canada ; Comparative Effectiveness Research ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Male ; Propensity Score
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2042-6313
ISSN (online)	2042-6313
DOI	10.2217/cer-2021-0069
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Article ; Online: Evolution of the Surgical Technique for "Breast in a Day" Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction: Transitioning from Dual-Plane to Prepectoral Implant Placement.

Frey, Jordan D / Salibian, Ara A / Levine, Jamie P / Karp, Nolan S / Choi, Mihye

Plastic and reconstructive surgery

2020 Volume 145, Issue 3, Page(s) 647e–648e

MeSH term(s)	Breast ; Mammaplasty
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	208012-6
ISSN	1529-4242 ; 0032-1052 ; 0096-8501
ISSN (online)	1529-4242
ISSN	0032-1052 ; 0096-8501
DOI	10.1097/PRS.0000000000006566
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Article ; Online: Pathway size matters: the influence of pathway granularity on over-representation (enrichment analysis) statistics.

Karp, Peter D / Midford, Peter E / Caspi, Ron / Khodursky, Arkady

BMC genomics

2021 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 191

Abstract: ... that alternative pathway definitions can alter enrichment p-values by up to nine orders of magnitude ... whereas statistical corrections typically alter enrichment p-values by only two orders of magnitude. We present ... enrichment p-values than the much larger pathway definitions used in the KEGG database; we demonstrate ...

Abstract	Background: Enrichment or over-representation analysis is a common method used in bioinformatics studies of transcriptomics, metabolomics, and microbiome datasets. The key idea behind enrichment analysis is: given a set of significantly expressed genes (or metabolites), use that set to infer a smaller set of perturbed biological pathways or processes, in which those genes (or metabolites) play a role. Enrichment computations rely on collections of defined biological pathways and/or processes, which are usually drawn from pathway databases. Although practitioners of enrichment analysis take great care to employ statistical corrections (e.g., for multiple testing), they appear unaware that enrichment results are quite sensitive to the pathway definitions that the calculation uses. Results: We show that alternative pathway definitions can alter enrichment p-values by up to nine orders of magnitude, whereas statistical corrections typically alter enrichment p-values by only two orders of magnitude. We present multiple examples where the smaller pathway definitions used in the EcoCyc database produces stronger enrichment p-values than the much larger pathway definitions used in the KEGG database; we demonstrate that to attain a given enrichment p-value, KEGG-based enrichment analyses require 1.3-2.0 times as many significantly expressed genes as does EcoCyc-based enrichment analyses. The large pathways in KEGG are problematic for another reason: they blur together multiple (as many as 21) biological processes. When such a KEGG pathway receives a high enrichment p-value, which of its component processes is perturbed is unclear, and thus the biological conclusions drawn from enrichment of large pathways are also in question. Conclusions: The choice of pathway database used in enrichment analyses can have a much stronger effect on the enrichment results than the statistical corrections used in these analyses.
MeSH term(s)	Computational Biology ; Databases, Factual ; Metabolomics
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2164
ISSN (online)	1471-2164
DOI	10.1186/s12864-021-07502-8
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Article ; Online: A PEP grant's influence on change in a school district: One year post funding.

Egan, Cate A / Abel-Berei, Catherine P / Goc Karp, Grace

Evaluation and program planning

2021 Volume 87, Page(s) 101942

Abstract: ... instruction, assessment and curriculum, (c) collaboration, and (d) respect. Backsliding includes sub-themes ... directions includes sub-themes: (a) mastery learning, (b) during school physical activity, (c) stress, and (d ...

Abstract	This study examined teachers' and administrators' perceptions of the institutionalization phase of the Carol M. White Physical Education for Progress (PEP) grant. A qualitative exploratory single case study (Yin, 2014) was utilized to examine the elements of the PEP grant that sustained or did not sustain after its conclusion, along with elements that were institutionalized and influences on this process. The findings were represented in the following three themes: (a) positive shifts, (b) backsliding, and (c) new directions, each with their own subthemes. Positive shifts includes sub-themes: (a) philosophy, (b) instruction, assessment and curriculum, (c) collaboration, and (d) respect. Backsliding includes sub-themes: (a) wellness team functioning, (b) the loss of PD and collaboration time, and (c) reduced data collection. New directions includes sub-themes: (a) mastery learning, (b) during school physical activity, (c) stress, and (d) administrative support. The factors that were institutionalized were quality physical education leadership roles, change in teachers' philosophies that influenced their instruction and assessment, and garnered administrative support. These elements were embedded into the physical education program and the school so much so that principals now expect the same type of programming from any new hire.
MeSH term(s)	Curriculum ; Exercise ; Humans ; Physical Education and Training ; Program Evaluation ; Schools
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2013444-7
ISSN	1873-7870 ; 0149-7189
ISSN (online)	1873-7870
ISSN	0149-7189
DOI	10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2021.101942
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