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Article ; Online: Russia invades Ukraine again: how can the health community respond?

McKee, Martin / Murphy, Adrianna

2022 Volume 376, Page(s) o548

MeSH term(s)	Armed Conflicts/history ; Global Health/history ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Russia ; Ukraine
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial ; Historical Article
ZDB-ID	1362901-3
ISSN	1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
ISSN	0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
DOI	10.1136/bmj.o548
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Article ; Online: Assessing the barriers and facilitators of access to diabetic retinopathy screening in sub- Saharan Africa: a literature review.

Achigbu, Eberechukwu Ogbeanu / Onyia, Onyinye Edith / Oguego, Ngozi Chinyelu / Murphy, Adrianna

Eye (London, England)

2023

Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working age adults. An increase in visual loss has been projected for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with the diabetes epidemic in the region. Screening is a cost-effective way to reduce this ... ...

Abstract	Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working age adults. An increase in visual loss has been projected for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with the diabetes epidemic in the region. Screening is a cost-effective way to reduce this scourge, but adequate services are scarce. This review aims to evaluate the evidence on barriers and facilitators of access to DR screening with a view to making evidence-based recommendations for the development of effective and sustainable programmes in SSA. A systematic literature search of Africa-Wide Information, Embase, Cochrane library, Global Health, and Medline databases was done using diabetic retinopathy, screening, and Sub-Saharan Africa as concepts. Google Scholar was also searched to identify relevant literature. Studies were included if they were done in SSA and reported on barriers and/or facilitators of access to DR screening. The database search yielded 616 papers and google scholar yielded 9223 papers. Of these, 54 papers were assessed for eligibility and 18 met the inclusion criteria. These were appraised with appropriate checklists. Fourteen themes were synthesised. Most were supply challenges affecting all dimensions of access and the six components of the health systems building blocks. Several studies had poor methodologies, and this has implications for the evidence provided. The findings of this review show a weakness in the health systems suggesting this is the major indirect barrier to DR screening in SSA. Measures to strengthen the health system for DR screening is strongly recommended.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	91001-6
ISSN	1476-5454 ; 0950-222X
ISSN (online)	1476-5454
ISSN	0950-222X
DOI	10.1038/s41433-023-02673-y
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Article ; Online: Can we do for other essential medicines what we are doing for the COVID-19 vaccine?

Kara Hanson / Lilian Mbau / Adrianna Murphy / Els Torreele

BMJ Global Health, Vol 6, Iss

2021 Volume 2

Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The health needs of refugees from Ukraine.

Murphy, Adrianna / Fuhr, Daniela / Roberts, Bayard / Jarvis, Christopher I / Tarasenko, Anna / McKee, Martin

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

2022 Volume 377, Page(s) o864

MeSH term(s)	Health Services Accessibility ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Refugees ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Ukraine
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1362901-3
ISSN	1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
ISSN	0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
DOI	10.1136/bmj.o864
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Article: Essential medicines for cardiovascular diseases in India: Rapid appraisal of policies and processes at the subnational level.

Garg, Ankur / Murphy, Adrianna / Krishna, Ashish / Sahoo, Swagata Kumar / Huffman, Mark D / Kishore, Sandeep P / Shivashankar, Roopa

The National medical journal of India

2023 Volume 35, Issue 6, Page(s) 357–363

Abstract: Background The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and response to health systems vary widely at the subnational level in India. Our study aimed to assess the variation in state-level access to medicines for CVDs by comparing the essential medicines ...

Abstract	Background The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and response to health systems vary widely at the subnational level in India. Our study aimed to assess the variation in state-level access to medicines for CVDs by comparing the essential medicines lists (EMLs) at the national and subnational levels in India and by rapid appraisal of the existing policies and processes of drug procurement. Methods We assessed the inclusion of six classes of medicines for CVDs in the recent and publicly available national and subnational EMLs from July to September 2018 in the states of Telangana and Madhya Pradesh. We examined the drug procurement and distribution policies and processes using documentary review and five key informant interviews between March and June 2018. Results The WHO's EML, India's national EML, and 21 of 28 publicly available (75%) Indian state and Union Territory EMLs included all six classes of essential medicines for CVDs. However, some medicines were not included in the policy packages of essential medicines meant for primary health centres. Both the states used centralized tendering and decentralized distribution as part of the public sector drug procurement process. The requirement was based on the previous year's consumption. The approximate time between procurement planning and distribution was 7-8 months in both the states. Conclusion Substantial variation exists in the selection of drugs for CVDs in EMLs at the subnational level in India. Improving forecasting techniques for requirement of medicines and reducing time lags between forecasting and distribution to health facilities may allow for better access to essential medicines.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Policy ; Drugs, Essential ; India/epidemiology ; Public Sector
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Essential
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-12
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	645116-0
ISSN	0970-258X
ISSN	0970-258X
DOI	10.25259/NMJI_35_6_357
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Article ; Online: Factors associated with the availability and affordability of essential cardiovascular disease medicines in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.

Lotfizadeh, Ali / Palafox, Benjamin / Takallou, Armin / Balabanova, Dina / McKee, Martin / Murphy, Adrianna

PLOS global public health

2022 Volume 2, Issue 3, Page(s) e0000072

Abstract: Despite their potential to prevent or delay the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), medicines for CVD remain unavailable and unaffordable to many in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We systematically reviewed the literature to ...

Abstract	Despite their potential to prevent or delay the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), medicines for CVD remain unavailable and unaffordable to many in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We systematically reviewed the literature to identify factors associated with availability and affordability of CVD medicines in LMICs. A protocol for this study was registered on the PROSPERO register of systematic reviews (CRD42019135393). We searched Medline, EMBASE, Global Health, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EconLit, Social Policy and Practice, and Africa Wide Information for studies analyzing factors associated with the presence of medicines (availability) or the price of these medicines as it relates to ability to pay (affordability) in LMICs. We performed a narrative synthesis of the results using an access to medicines framework that examines influences at different levels of the health system. We did not conduct a meta-analysis because of the differences in analytic approaches and outcome measures in different studies. The search was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Of 43 studies meeting inclusion criteria, 41 were cross-sectional. Availability and affordability were defined and measured in different ways. A range of factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, facility tier, presence of medicines on national essential medicine lists, and international subsidy programs were examined. The studies had variable quality and findings were often inconsistent. We find gaps in the literature on factors associated with availability and affordability of CVD medicines, particularly at the health program level. We conclude that there is a need for experimental and quasi-experimental studies that could identify causal factors and effective responses. Such studies would help further our understanding of how complex multifactorial influences impact these outcomes, which could inform policy decisions. Along with this, greater standardization of definitions and measurement approaches of availability and affordability are needed to allow for more effective comparisons.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2767-3375
ISSN (online)	2767-3375
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgph.0000072
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Implementing Single-Pill Combination Therapy for Hypertension: A Scoping Review of Key Health System Requirements in 30 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Bruyn, Eleanor / Nguyen, Long / Schutte, Aletta E / Murphy, Adrianna / Perel, Pablo / Webster, Ruth

Global heart

2022 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 6

Abstract: Objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) included single-pill combination (SPC) antihypertensive medications on their 2019 essential medicines list (EML) to encourage uptake and improved hypertension control. We documented key national-level ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) included single-pill combination (SPC) antihypertensive medications on their 2019 essential medicines list (EML) to encourage uptake and improved hypertension control. We documented key national-level facilitators (SPCs on national EMLs, recommendation for SPCs in national hypertension guidelines and availability of SPCs on the market) supporting uptake of SPCs in the 30 most populous low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: A hierarchical information gathering strategy was used including literature and web searches, the use of organisational databases and personal communications with colleagues to obtain information on (1) whether SPC antihypertensives are on national EMLs, (2) whether SPC antihypertensives are recommended in national hypertension guidelines and (3) whether SPCs are available on the market. Results: Eleven of 30 LMICs had all facilitators in place being Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, China, the Philippines, Thailand, Iran, Argentina, Colombia and Mexico. Twenty-six countries had national hypertension guidelines (or similar) in place with SPCs being recommended in 18 of these. Apart from Afghanistan, SPCs were available on the market in all countries. The facilitator least present was the inclusion of SPC antihypertensives on national EMLs at 12 of 29 (Turkey does not have an EML). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that many LMICs have made significant progress in their uptake of SPC antihypertensives and several had included SPCs on their EMLs and guidelines prior to their inclusion on the WHO EML. Despite this progress, the uptake of SPC antihypertensives in LMICs could be improved including through their further inclusion on EMLs.
MeSH term(s)	Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Developing Countries ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Essential/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Hypertension/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Antihypertensive Agents ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Essential
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2629633-0
ISSN	2211-8179 ; 2211-8160
ISSN (online)	2211-8179
ISSN	2211-8160
DOI	10.5334/gh.1087
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Implementing Single-Pill Combination Therapy for Hypertension

Eleanor Bruyn / Long Nguyen / Aletta E. Schutte / Adrianna Murphy / Pablo Perel / Ruth Webster

Global Heart, Vol 17, Iss

A Scoping Review of Key Health System Requirements in 30 Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2022 Volume 1

Abstract	Objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) included single-pill combination (SPC) antihypertensive medications on their 2019 essential medicines list (EML) to encourage uptake and improved hypertension control. We documented key national-level facilitators (SPCs on national EMLs, recommendation for SPCs in national hypertension guidelines and availability of SPCs on the market) supporting uptake of SPCs in the 30 most populous low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: A hierarchical information gathering strategy was used including literature and web searches, the use of organisational databases and personal communications with colleagues to obtain information on (1) whether SPC antihypertensives are on national EMLs, (2) whether SPC antihypertensives are recommended in national hypertension guidelines and (3) whether SPCs are available on the market. Results: Eleven of 30 LMICs had all facilitators in place being Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, China, the Philippines, Thailand, Iran, Argentina, Colombia and Mexico. Twenty-six countries had national hypertension guidelines (or similar) in place with SPCs being recommended in 18 of these. Apart from Afghanistan, SPCs were available on the market in all countries. The facilitator least present was the inclusion of SPC antihypertensives on national EMLs at 12 of 29 (Turkey does not have an EML). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that many LMICs have made significant progress in their uptake of SPC antihypertensives and several had included SPCs on their EMLs and guidelines prior to their inclusion on the WHO EML. Despite this progress, the uptake of SPC antihypertensives in LMICs could be improved including through their further inclusion on EMLs.
Keywords	keywords: single-pill combination ; antihypertensives ; hypertension ; low- and middle-income countries ; essential medicines list ; hypertension treatment guidelines ; high blood-pressure ; Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ; RC666-701 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	380
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Ubiquity Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Factors associated with the availability and affordability of essential cardiovascular disease medicines in low- and middle-income countries

Ali Lotfizadeh / Benjamin Palafox / Armin Takallou / Dina Balabanova / Martin McKee / Adrianna Murphy

PLOS Global Public Health, Vol 2, Iss 3, p e

A systematic review.

2022 Volume 0000072

Abstract	Despite their potential to prevent or delay the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), medicines for CVD remain unavailable and unaffordable to many in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We systematically reviewed the literature to identify factors associated with availability and affordability of CVD medicines in LMICs. A protocol for this study was registered on the PROSPERO register of systematic reviews (CRD42019135393). We searched Medline, EMBASE, Global Health, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EconLit, Social Policy and Practice, and Africa Wide Information for studies analyzing factors associated with the presence of medicines (availability) or the price of these medicines as it relates to ability to pay (affordability) in LMICs. We performed a narrative synthesis of the results using an access to medicines framework that examines influences at different levels of the health system. We did not conduct a meta-analysis because of the differences in analytic approaches and outcome measures in different studies. The search was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Of 43 studies meeting inclusion criteria, 41 were cross-sectional. Availability and affordability were defined and measured in different ways. A range of factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, facility tier, presence of medicines on national essential medicine lists, and international subsidy programs were examined. The studies had variable quality and findings were often inconsistent. We find gaps in the literature on factors associated with availability and affordability of CVD medicines, particularly at the health program level. We conclude that there is a need for experimental and quasi-experimental studies that could identify causal factors and effective responses. Such studies would help further our understanding of how complex multifactorial influences impact these outcomes, which could inform policy decisions. Along with this, greater standardization of definitions and ...
Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: A Survey of Patient Attitudes Towards Topical Minoxidil in the Treatment of Hair Loss.

Nussbaum, Dillon / Murphy, Emily / Nelson, Kamaria / Gonzalez-Lopez, Adrianna / Qureshi, Azam / Schwartz, Julia / Friedman, Adam

Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD

2022 Volume 21, Issue 10, Page(s) 1140–1142

Abstract: Hair loss, specifically androgenetic alopecia (AGA), is a common outpatient dermatology complaint. AGA occurs in men and women, results from the effect of dihydrotestosterone miniaturizing scalp follicles, and commonly presents with thinning of the ... ...

Abstract	Hair loss, specifically androgenetic alopecia (AGA), is a common outpatient dermatology complaint. AGA occurs in men and women, results from the effect of dihydrotestosterone miniaturizing scalp follicles, and commonly presents with thinning of the bitemporal, frontal, and vertex scalp.
MeSH term(s)	Alopecia/diagnosis ; Alopecia/drug therapy ; Attitude ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Minoxidil ; Scalp ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Dihydrotestosterone (08J2K08A3Y) ; Minoxidil (5965120SH1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2145090-0
ISSN	1545-9616
ISSN	1545-9616
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