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  1. Article: The Growing Heterogeneity in the Farm Sector and Its Implications

    Weersink, Alfons

    Canadian journal of agricultural economics. 2018 Mar., v. 66, no. 1

    2018  

    Abstract: The farm sector has moved from one that was very homogeneous to one with significant differences in size and/or orientation. The decline in the number of “average‐sized” farm and the growth in the number of large farms are due primarily to technological ... ...

    Abstract The farm sector has moved from one that was very homogeneous to one with significant differences in size and/or orientation. The decline in the number of “average‐sized” farm and the growth in the number of large farms are due primarily to technological innovations that push operations producing commodities to grow as a means of capturing economies of size. The increase in the relative number of small farms is also due partially to technical advances that allow for the production of food goods with the desired quality attributes to be delivered to the appropriate market. This market is continually being differentiated due to demographic and income shifts. The growing heterogeneity in farm structure complicates the assessment and design of farm policy. The social policy objective of improving the livelihood of farmers and their families could be achieved through farm support and extension programs when the sector was homogeneous. The policy objective has shifted toward improving the competitiveness of the sector, but for which of its components? The trend toward greater heterogeneity is likely to continue and thus so will the internal and external support for any policies targeted toward the farm sector.
    Keywords agricultural policy ; extension programs ; farm structure ; farmers ; income ; large farms ; livelihood ; markets ; products and commodities ; public policy ; small farms ; technology
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-03
    Size p. 27-41.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 417256-5
    ISSN 0008-3976
    ISSN 0008-3976
    DOI 10.1111/cjag.12163
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article: Limits to Profit Maximization as a Guide to Behavior Change

    Weersink, Alfons / Fulton, Murray

    Applied economic perspectives and policy. 2020 Mar., v. 42, no. 1

    2020  

    Abstract: Economists have long been interested in why farmers decide to adopt new technologies. Modeling decision making requires modeling behavior; the key behavioral assumption is profit maximization. In addition, most empirical studies assume a binary decision— ... ...

    Abstract Economists have long been interested in why farmers decide to adopt new technologies. Modeling decision making requires modeling behavior; the key behavioral assumption is profit maximization. In addition, most empirical studies assume a binary decision—adopt or not. This paper argues that adoption should be understood as a process with multiple stages in which the final decision to use the new technology only occurs if the previous stages are completed. While profit considerations are clearly important, particularly in the later stages of the process, they need to be supplemented with other social and cognitive considerations, particularly in the early stages. Understood this way, profit maximization assumptions can provide predictions for the upper or lower bounds of adoption. The adoption rate suggested by profit maximization will be an upper bound if noneconomic factors are expected to either slow down or deter adoption, while that rate will be a lower bound if noneconomic factors are expected to encourage adoption. To capture these elements, econometric models need to pay attention to the timing of decisions and use techniques that condition later‐stage decisions on previous stage outcomes. In addition, the paper suggests the use of expert systems that have economic, learning and social aspects explicitly built into them would be valuable.
    Keywords behavior change ; cognition ; issues and policy ; profit maximization
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-03
    Size p. 67-79.
    Publishing place Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2518384-9
    ISSN 2040-5790
    ISSN 2040-5790
    DOI 10.1002/aepp.13004
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  3. Article ; Online: Adoption of beneficial management practices to improve soil health

    Shah, Ananka / Weersink, Alfons / Vyn, Richard

    Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 2022 Apr. 22, v. 102, no. 4 p.825-834

    2022  

    Abstract: Healthy soils are fundamental to building prosperous and resilient farms and to efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance overall environmental impacts from agriculture. Understanding the adoption of beneficial management practices (BMPs) ... ...

    Abstract Healthy soils are fundamental to building prosperous and resilient farms and to efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance overall environmental impacts from agriculture. Understanding the adoption of beneficial management practices (BMPs) that promote soil health is necessary for these benefits to be obtained. Drawing from a survey of Ontario farmers (n = 247) with 60% being crop producers and 22% livestock farmers, we explore the variation in adoption for six soil health BMPs: cover crops, crop rotations, no-till, soil testing, conservation buffers, and organic amendments. Soil testing had the highest rate of adoption, while conservation buffers had the least. The majority of farmers (73%) implemented four or more BMPs as the use of practices such as a rotation with winter wheat, cover cropping, and no-till tend to be positively correlated. Adopters of the BMPs tend to operate larger farms both in the area operated and farm cash receipts than non-adopters. Improving soil health was the most widely selected motivation for adoption across all six BMPs. The most effective interventions to enhance adoption among non-adopters include financial incentives, easily accessible information and advice, and farmer-to-farmer learning. Our results suggest that farmers that adopt BMPs do so primarily to enhance soil health rather than solely for economic considerations. Encouraging use among non-adopters may require monitoring and promoting the benefits of soil health. The results should aid in the development of strategic frameworks that facilitate innovations in policy to enhance soil health.
    Keywords farms ; greenhouse gases ; issues and policy ; livestock ; motivation ; no-tillage ; soil ; soil quality ; surveys ; winter wheat ; Ontario ; adoption ; BMP ; soil health ; indicator
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0422
    Size p. 825-834.
    Publishing place Canadian Science Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 417254-1
    ISSN 1918-1841 ; 0008-4271
    ISSN (online) 1918-1841
    ISSN 0008-4271
    DOI 10.1139/cjss-2021-0187
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  4. Article: Long-Term Cover Cropping Suppresses Foliar and Fruit Disease in Processing Tomatoes.

    Trueman, Cheryl L / Awrey, Jessica C / Delaporte, Aaron / Kerr, Jamie / Weersink, Alfons / Van Eerd, Laura L

    Plant disease

    2023  Volume 107, Issue 7, Page(s) 2160–2168

    Abstract: While links between soil and plant health are implied, there are few opportunities to empirically evaluate this due to inherent differences among sites. An exception is a long-term experiment established in 2007 (repeated in 2008) in Ridgetown, ON, where ...

    Abstract While links between soil and plant health are implied, there are few opportunities to empirically evaluate this due to inherent differences among sites. An exception is a long-term experiment established in 2007 (repeated in 2008) in Ridgetown, ON, where improved soil health scores and changes in soil microbial communities were observed in the medium-term with annual cover crops (CC). This led us to hypothesize that CC-induced changes in soil health might affect bacterial spot (
    MeSH term(s) Solanum lycopersicum ; Fruit/microbiology ; Seasons ; Soil ; Crops, Agricultural
    Chemical Substances Soil
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 754182-x
    ISSN 0191-2917
    ISSN 0191-2917
    DOI 10.1094/PDIS-09-22-2095-RE
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Economic thoughts on the potential implications of COVID‐19 on the Canadian dairy and poultry sectors

    Weersink, Alfons / von Massow, Mike / McDougall, Brendan

    Canadian journal of agricultural economics. 2020 June, v. 68, no. 2

    2020  

    Abstract: The dumping of milk, the offering of hospitality size goods in grocery stores, and the closure of processing facilities are examples of the disruptions caused by the pandemic to the dairy, poultry, and egg sectors. These supply management sectors, ... ...

    Abstract The dumping of milk, the offering of hospitality size goods in grocery stores, and the closure of processing facilities are examples of the disruptions caused by the pandemic to the dairy, poultry, and egg sectors. These supply management sectors, however, are more resilient to the impacts of COVID‐19 than other sectors as producers are generally more financially stable, losses are pooled, and production/marketing efforts are coordinated.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; agricultural economics ; eggs ; milk ; pandemic ; poultry
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-06
    Size p. 195-200.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 417256-5
    ISSN 0008-3976
    ISSN 0008-3976
    DOI 10.1111/cjag.12240
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  6. Article: Re‐examining the implications of COVID‐19 on the Canadian dairy and poultry sectors

    Weersink, Alfons / von Massow, Michael / McDougall, Brendan / Bannon, Nicholas

    Canadian journal of agricultural economics. 2021 June, v. 69, no. 2

    2021  

    Abstract: The dairy and poultry sectors responded quickly to the initial adjustments in the quantity and nature of food products forced by the shuttering of the hospitality sector and the subsequent switch to buying food from grocery stores. In addition, these ... ...

    Abstract The dairy and poultry sectors responded quickly to the initial adjustments in the quantity and nature of food products forced by the shuttering of the hospitality sector and the subsequent switch to buying food from grocery stores. In addition, these sectors were less affected by the labor availability and health issues from COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease‐2019) that plagued others, such as red meat processors. While the overall impacts were less than most other parts of the agri‐food system, some elements of supply managed products, particularly poultry processors, have experienced a reduction in returns and are still adjusting to the new demand and supply situation. The extent of the impact is correlated with the degree to which the supply chain further upstream was connected to the downstream hospitality sector.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; agricultural economics ; labor ; poultry ; red meat ; supply chain
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-06
    Size p. 215-224.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 417256-5
    ISSN 0008-3976
    ISSN 0008-3976
    DOI 10.1111/cjag.12284
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  7. Article ; Online: Long-Term Cover Cropping Suppresses Foliar and Fruit Disease in Processing Tomatoes

    Trueman, Cheryl L. / Awrey, Jessica C. / Delaporte, Aaron / Kerr, Jamie / Weersink, Alfons / Van Eerd, Laura L.

    Plant Disease. 2023 July 01, v. 107, no. 7 p.2160-2168

    2023  

    Abstract: While links between soil and plant health are implied, there are few opportunities to empirically evaluate this due to inherent differences among sites. An exception is a long-term experiment established in 2007 (repeated in 2008) in Ridgetown, ON, where ...

    Abstract While links between soil and plant health are implied, there are few opportunities to empirically evaluate this due to inherent differences among sites. An exception is a long-term experiment established in 2007 (repeated in 2008) in Ridgetown, ON, where improved soil health scores and changes in soil microbial communities were observed in the medium-term with annual cover crops (CC). This led us to hypothesize that CC-induced changes in soil health might affect bacterial spot (Xanthomonas hordorum pv. gardneri) and anthracnose (Colletotrichum coccodes) development in processing tomato. Five CC treatments (no CC control, winter cereal rye, oat, radish, and mix of radish + rye) planted after winter wheat harvest were evaluated in 2019 and 2020 (CC grown nine times over 12 years). Fruit yields and net revenue were similar or greater with CC than without. In 2019, there was greater defoliation (area under the disease progress stairs = 4,370 ± 204), percent red fruit (71.0% ± 5.38), and rots (1.91% ± 0.5) in no CC than with radish (3,410, 39.1%, and 0.62%, respectively, P ≤ 0.0366), indicating earlier fruit maturity in no CC plots. Similarly, no CC had a greater incidence of red fruits with anthracnose (25.8% ± 2.89) compared with all CCs but rye (7.4 to 12.1% ± 2.89; P = 0.0029). Environmental conditions in 2020 were less favourable for disease development. Defoliation was not affected by CC treatment (P = 0.1254), and anthracnose incidence was low (≥90.3 ± 1.22% healthy fruit), which may have limited the ability to detect treatment effects (P = 0.2922). Long-term cover crops have the potential to produce greater or equivalent tomato yield with decreased defoliation and anthracnose fruit rot.
    Keywords Colletotrichum coccodes ; Xanthomonas ; anthracnose ; defoliation ; disease progression ; fruit maturity ; fruits ; income ; long term experiments ; oats ; plant rots ; radishes ; soil ; soil quality ; tomatoes ; winter rye ; winter wheat ; bacterial spot ; economic analyses ; nitrogen ; partial profit margins ; residue management ; Solanum lycopersicum L. ; Xanthomonas gardneri ; Xanthomonas hordorum pv. gardneri
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0701
    Size p. 2160-2168.
    Publishing place The American Phytopathological Society
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 754182-x
    ISSN 0191-2917
    ISSN 0191-2917
    DOI 10.1094/PDIS-09-22-2095-RE
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  8. Article ; Online: Business Risk Management Program and risk‐balancing in Ontario hog sector: An empirical analysis

    Sarker, Rakhal / Phan, Truc / Lee, Yu Na / Weersink, Alfons

    Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie. 2022 Dec., v. 70, no. 4 p.287-304

    2022  

    Abstract: Business risk management (BRM) has been an important focus of Canadian agricultural policy in the New Millennium. Safety net payments received by farmers can alter their investment portfolio and lead to risk‐balancing behavior in agriculture. Risk‐ ... ...

    Abstract Business risk management (BRM) has been an important focus of Canadian agricultural policy in the New Millennium. Safety net payments received by farmers can alter their investment portfolio and lead to risk‐balancing behavior in agriculture. Risk‐balancing is an unintended consequence of the farm safety net program and has a direct implication for future growth and sustainability of farm business. Does risk‐balancing exist in Ontario agriculture? This question is addressed in this paper using data for the hog sector in Ontario. While safety net programs were designed to address Business Risk (BR) for all farms, our empirical results indicate that CAIS/AgriStability payments reduced BR for small, medium, and large farms. The results from our fixed effect panel regression analysis demonstrate that there is a significant risk‐balancing behavior among medium hog farms in Ontario. Our results also reveal that the presence of risk‐balancing behavior in Ontario hog sector does not pose any problem for future growth of the hog sector or the long‐term sustainability of the farm safety net program.
    Keywords Nutrition Education and Training program ; agricultural health and safety ; agricultural policy ; empirical research ; farms ; regression analysis ; risk ; risk management ; swine ; Ontario
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-12
    Size p. 287-304.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 417256-5
    ISSN 0008-3976
    ISSN 0008-3976
    DOI 10.1111/cjag.12321
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  9. Article: Adoption barriers for precision agriculture technologies in Canadian crop production

    Mitchell, Sean / Weersink, Alfons / Bannon, Nicholas

    Canadian journal of plant science. 2020 Dec. 8, v. 101, no. 3

    2020  

    Abstract: Although precision agriculture is touted to enhance both farm returns and environmental quality, its perceived uptake is not as widespread as would be expected. The objective of this paper was to update and compare the adoption rates for precision ... ...

    Abstract Although precision agriculture is touted to enhance both farm returns and environmental quality, its perceived uptake is not as widespread as would be expected. The objective of this paper was to update and compare the adoption rates for precision agriculture technologies in Ontario. Geographic service technologies were the most adopted technology and showed an increase in adoption between 2017 and 2019. The survey was extended to include crop input suppliers across the country. Increasing adoption rates for precision agriculture technologies requires overcoming barriers, specifically reducing the cost and providing demonstrated value.
    Keywords crop production ; environmental quality ; farms ; precision agriculture ; surveys ; Ontario
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-1208
    Size p. 412-416.
    Publishing place Canadian Science Publishing
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 417255-3
    ISSN 1918-1833 ; 0008-4220
    ISSN (online) 1918-1833
    ISSN 0008-4220
    DOI 10.1139/cjps-2020-0234
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  10. Article ; Online: Economic thoughts on the potential implications of COVID‐19 on the Canadian dairy and poultry sectors

    Weersink, Alfons / Massow, Mike / McDougall, Brendan

    Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie

    2020  Volume 68, Issue 2, Page(s) 195–200

    Keywords Agronomy and Crop Science ; Ecology ; Economics and Econometrics ; Animal Science and Zoology ; Global and Planetary Change ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Wiley
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 417256-5
    ISSN 0008-3976
    ISSN 0008-3976
    DOI 10.1111/cjag.12240
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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