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Article ; Online: Single-Surgeon in Vivo Experience with the Zeiss QEVO Microinspection Tool: An Analysis of Its Use for Extending the Reach of Operative Visualization.

Tomlinson, Samuel B / Hendricks, Benjamin K / Cohen-Gadol, Aaron

2021 Volume 147, Page(s) 268–272

Abstract: The operating microscope is a foundational tool in modern neurosurgery. Operating microscopes serve increasingly as the lynchpin for highly sophisticated visualization platforms incorporating many complementary technologies. The Zeiss QEVO ... ...

Abstract	The operating microscope is a foundational tool in modern neurosurgery. Operating microscopes serve increasingly as the lynchpin for highly sophisticated visualization platforms incorporating many complementary technologies. The Zeiss QEVO microinspection tool is a 45-degree viewing endoscopic instrument integrated into the Zeiss KINEVO 900 operating microscope (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany). The QEVO tool enables surgeons to "look around the corners" of the surgical field to optimize visualization within tight operative corridors. In this article, we document our experience using the QEVO microinspection tool in a series of complex cranial neurosurgery procedures. This report focuses on the handling, visualization, and overall utility of the QEVO tool for achieving optimal visualization in deep cranial corridors.
MeSH term(s)	Craniotomy/instrumentation ; Craniotomy/methods ; Ergonomics ; Humans ; Microscopy/instrumentation ; Microsurgery/instrumentation ; Microsurgery/methods ; Neuroendoscopes ; Neuroendoscopy/methods ; Neurosurgical Procedures/instrumentation ; Neurosurgical Procedures/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2534351-8
ISSN	1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
ISSN (online)	1878-8769
ISSN	1878-8750
DOI	10.1016/j.wneu.2020.12.036
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Article ; Online: In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding "Immersive Three-Dimensional Modeling and Virtual Reality for Enhanced Visualization of Operative Neurosurgical Anatomy".

Tomlinson, Samuel B / Hendricks, Benjamin K / Cohen-Gadol, Aaron

World neurosurgery

2020 Volume 137, Page(s) 502

MeSH term(s)	Neurosurgery ; User-Computer Interface ; Virtual Reality
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2534351-8
ISSN	1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
ISSN (online)	1878-8769
ISSN	1878-8750
DOI	10.1016/j.wneu.2020.02.177
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Article ; Online: Editorial. Innovations in neurosurgical education during the COVID-19 pandemic: is it time to reexamine our neurosurgical training models?

Tomlinson, Samuel B / Hendricks, Benjamin K / Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A

Journal of neurosurgery

2020 , Page(s) 1–2

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	3089-2
ISSN	1933-0693 ; 0022-3085
ISSN (online)	1933-0693
ISSN	0022-3085
DOI	10.3171/2020.4.JNS201012
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Article ; Online: Effect of Race and Insurance Type on Access to, and Outcomes of, Epilepsy Surgery: A Literature Review.

Howard, Susanna D / Campbell, Paige-Ashley / Montgomery, Canada T / Tomlinson, Samuel B / Ojukwu, Disep I / Chen, H Isaac / Chin, Marshall H

World neurosurgery

2023 Volume 178, Page(s) 202–212.e2

Abstract: Background: Despite higher rates of seizure freedom, a large proportion of patients with medically refractory seizures who could benefit from epilepsy surgery do not receive surgical treatment. This literature review describes the association of race ... ...

Abstract	Background: Despite higher rates of seizure freedom, a large proportion of patients with medically refractory seizures who could benefit from epilepsy surgery do not receive surgical treatment. This literature review describes the association of race and insurance status with epilepsy surgery access and outcomes. Methods: Searches in Scopus and PubMed databases related to disparities in epilepsy surgery were conducted. The inclusion criteria consisted of data that could be used to compare epilepsy surgery patient access and outcomes by insurance or race in the United States. Two independent reviewers determined article eligibility. Results: Of the 289 studies reviewed, 26 were included. Most of the studies were retrospective cohort studies (23 of 26) and national admissions database studies (13 of 26). Of the 17 studies that evaluated epilepsy surgery patient demographics, 11 showed that Black patients were less likely to receive surgery than were White patients or had an increased time to surgery from seizure onset. Nine studies showed that patients with private insurance were more likely to undergo epilepsy surgery and have shorter time to surgery compared with patients with public insurance. No significant association was found between the seizure recurrence rate after surgery with insurance or race. Conclusions: Black patients and patients with public insurance are receiving epilepsy surgery at lower rates after a prolonged waiting period compared with other patients with medically refractory epilepsy. These results are consistent across the current reported literature. Future efforts should focus on additional characterization and potential causes of these disparities to develop successful interventions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2534351-8
ISSN	1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
ISSN (online)	1878-8769
ISSN	1878-8750
DOI	10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.138
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Article ; Online: Immersive Three-Dimensional Modeling and Virtual Reality for Enhanced Visualization of Operative Neurosurgical Anatomy.

Tomlinson, Samuel B / Hendricks, Benjamin K / Cohen-Gadol, Aaron

World neurosurgery

2019 Volume 131, Page(s) 313–320

Abstract: Learning the endless intricacies of operative neurosurgical anatomy requires that surgeons complement their intraoperative experiences with a variety of educational resources. In the past 2 decades, rapid improvements in digital graphics and computing ... ...

Abstract	Learning the endless intricacies of operative neurosurgical anatomy requires that surgeons complement their intraoperative experiences with a variety of educational resources. In the past 2 decades, rapid improvements in digital graphics and computing power have enabled a new generation of 3-dimensional (3D) virtual resources that overcome limitations of more traditional 2-dimensional materials. Today, dozens of immersive 3D visualization platforms exist for applications such as learning neuroanatomy, simulating operative techniques, and planning surgical interventions with patient-specific models. The purpose of this article is to identify current applications of 3D digital modeling and virtual reality in neurosurgery. In addition, we showcase a new series of freely available 3D virtual-reality models created to assist in learning complex cranial anatomy. We anticipate these models to have a wide range of educational, clinical, and research applications. Three-dimensional visualization is poised to modernize the ways we learn and teach neurosurgical anatomy outside of the operating room. Future generations of neurosurgeons are expected to benefit from these technologies from the earliest stages of training.
MeSH term(s)	Equipment Design ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Internet ; Internship and Residency/methods ; Models, Anatomic ; Neurosurgical Procedures/education ; Pedicle Screws ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Virtual Reality
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2534351-8
ISSN	1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
ISSN (online)	1878-8769
ISSN	1878-8750
DOI	10.1016/j.wneu.2019.06.081
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Article ; Online: Secondary generalization of focal-onset seizures: examining the relationship between seizure propagation and epilepsy surgery outcome.

Tomlinson, Samuel B / Venkataraman, Arun

Journal of neurophysiology

2016 Volume 117, Issue 4, Page(s) 1426–1430

Abstract: Surgical intervention often fails to achieve seizure-free results in patients with intractable epilepsy. Identifying features of the epileptic brain that dispose certain patients to unfavorable outcomes is critical for improving surgical candidacy ... ...

Abstract	Surgical intervention often fails to achieve seizure-free results in patients with intractable epilepsy. Identifying features of the epileptic brain that dispose certain patients to unfavorable outcomes is critical for improving surgical candidacy assessments. Recent research by Martinet, Ahmad, Lepage, Cash, and Kramer (
MeSH term(s)	Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy/diagnostic imaging ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Epilepsy/surgery ; Humans ; Neurosurgical Procedures/methods ; Seizures/surgery ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-10-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80161-6
ISSN	1522-1598 ; 0022-3077
ISSN (online)	1522-1598
ISSN	0022-3077
DOI	10.1152/jn.00739.2016
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Article ; Online: The Eyes Absent family members EYA4 and EYA1 promote PLK1 activation and successful mitosis through tyrosine dephosphorylation.

Nelson, Christopher B / Rogers, Samuel / Roychoudhury, Kaushik / Tan, Yaw Sing / Atkinson, Caroline J / Sobinoff, Alexander P / Tomlinson, Christopher G / Hsu, Anton / Lu, Robert / Dray, Eloise / Haber, Michelle / Fletcher, Jamie I / Cesare, Anthony J / Hegde, Rashmi S / Pickett, Hilda A

Nature communications

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 1385

Abstract: The Eyes Absent proteins (EYA1-4) are a biochemically unique group of tyrosine phosphatases known to be tumour-promoting across a range of cancer types. To date, the targets of EYA phosphatase activity remain largely uncharacterised. Here, we identify ... ...

Abstract	The Eyes Absent proteins (EYA1-4) are a biochemically unique group of tyrosine phosphatases known to be tumour-promoting across a range of cancer types. To date, the targets of EYA phosphatase activity remain largely uncharacterised. Here, we identify Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as an interactor and phosphatase substrate of EYA4 and EYA1, with pY445 on PLK1 being the primary target site. Dephosphorylation of pY445 in the G2 phase of the cell cycle is required for centrosome maturation, PLK1 localization to centrosomes, and polo-box domain (PBD) dependent interactions between PLK1 and PLK1-activation complexes. Molecular dynamics simulations support the rationale that pY445 confers a structural impairment to PBD-substrate interactions that is relieved by EYA-mediated dephosphorylation. Depletion of EYA4 or EYA1, or chemical inhibition of EYA phosphatase activity, dramatically reduces PLK1 activation, causing mitotic defects and cell death. Overall, we have characterized a phosphotyrosine signalling network governing PLK1 and mitosis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Tyrosine/metabolism ; Mitosis ; Centrosome/metabolism ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Tyrosine (42HK56048U) ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases (EC 3.1.3.2) ; EYA1 protein, human (EC 3.1.3.48) ; Nuclear Proteins ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.48) ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; EYA4 protein, human ; Trans-Activators
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-024-45683-4
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Editorial. Innovations in neurosurgical education during the COVID-19 pandemic: is it time to reexamine our neurosurgical training models?

Tomlinson, Samuel B / Hendricks, Benjamin K / Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A

J Neurosurg

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #72112
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Stereoelectroencephalography before 2 years of age.

Rahman, Raphia K / Tomlinson, Samuel B / Katz, Joshua / Galligan, Kathleen / Madsen, Peter J / Tucker, Alexander M / Kessler, Sudha Kilaru / Kennedy, Benjamin C

Neurosurgical focus

2022 Volume 53, Issue 4, Page(s) E3

Abstract: Objective: Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is a widely used technique for localizing seizure onset zones prior to resection. However, its use has traditionally been avoided in children under 2 years of age because of concerns regarding pin fixation ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is a widely used technique for localizing seizure onset zones prior to resection. However, its use has traditionally been avoided in children under 2 years of age because of concerns regarding pin fixation in the immature skull, intraoperative and postoperative electrode bolt security, and stereotactic registration accuracy. In this retrospective study, the authors describe their experience using SEEG in patients younger than 2 years of age, with a focus on the procedure's safety, feasibility, and accuracy as well as surgical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective review of children under 2 years of age who had undergone SEEG while at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between November 2017 and July 2021 was performed. Data on clinical characteristics, surgical procedure, imaging results, electrode accuracy measurements, and postoperative outcomes were examined. Results: Five patients younger than 2 years of age underwent SEEG during the study period (median age 20 months, range 17-23 months). The mean age at seizure onset was 9 months. Developmental delay was present in all patients, and epilepsy-associated genetic diagnoses included tuberous sclerosis (n = 1), KAT6B (n = 1), and NPRL3 (n = 1). Cortical lesions included tubers from tuberous sclerosis (n = 1), mesial temporal sclerosis (n = 1), and cortical dysplasia (n = 3). The mean number of placed electrodes was 11 (range 6-20 electrodes). Bilateral electrodes were placed in 1 patient. Seizure onset zones were identified in all cases. There were no SEEG-related complications, including skull fracture, electrode misplacement, hemorrhage, infection, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, electrode pullout, neurological deficit, or death. The mean target point error for all electrodes was 1.0 mm. All patients proceeded to resective surgery, with a mean follow-up of 21 months (range 8-53 months). All patients attained a favorable epilepsy outcome, including Engel class IA (n = 2), IC (n = 1), ID (n = 1), and IIA (n = 1). Conclusions: SEEG can be safely, accurately, and effectively utilized in children under age 2 with good postoperative outcomes using standard SEEG equipment. With minimal modification, this procedure is feasible in those with immature skulls and guides the epilepsy team's decision-making for early and optimal treatment of refractory epilepsy through effective localization of seizure onset zones.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistant Epilepsy/surgery ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Epilepsy/diagnostic imaging ; Epilepsy/surgery ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Humans ; Infant ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures/surgery ; Stereotaxic Techniques ; Tuberous Sclerosis/surgery
Chemical Substances	GTPase-Activating Proteins ; NPRL3 protein, human ; Histone Acetyltransferases (EC 2.3.1.48) ; KAT6B protein, human (EC 2.3.1.48)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2026589-X
ISSN	1092-0684 ; 1092-0684
ISSN (online)	1092-0684
ISSN	1092-0684
DOI	10.3171/2022.7.FOCUS22336
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Article: Stereoelectroencephalography in Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery.

Tomlinson, Samuel B / Buch, Vivek P / Armstrong, Dallas / Kennedy, Benjamin C

Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society

2019 Volume 62, Issue 3, Page(s) 302–312

Abstract: Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is an invasive technique used during the surgical management of medically refractory epilepsy. The utility of SEEG rests in its ability to survey the three-dimensional organization of the epileptogenic zone as well as ... ...

Abstract	Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is an invasive technique used during the surgical management of medically refractory epilepsy. The utility of SEEG rests in its ability to survey the three-dimensional organization of the epileptogenic zone as well as nearby eloquent cortices. Once concentrated to specialized centers in Europe and Canada, the SEEG methodology has gained worldwide popularity due to its favorable morbidity profile, superior coverage of deep structures, and ability to perform multilobar explorations without the need for craniotomy. This rapid shift in practice represents both a challenge and an opportunity for pediatric neurosurgeons familiar with the subdural grid approach. The purpose of this review is to discuss the indications, technique, and safety of long-term SEEG monitoring in children. In addition to reviewing the conceptual and technical points of the diagnostic evaluation, attention will also be given to SEEG-based interventions (e.g., radiofrequency thermo-coagulation).
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-01
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2253817-3
ISSN	1598-7876 ; 2005-3711 ; 1225-8245
ISSN (online)	1598-7876
ISSN	2005-3711 ; 1225-8245
DOI	10.3340/jkns.2019.0015
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