LIVIVO - Search results -

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 85

Search options

Article ; Online: ASAS-NANP SYMPOSIUM: Review of systems thinking concepts and their potential value in animal science research.

Stephens, Emma C

2021 Volume 99, Issue 2

Abstract: Worldwide, our collective research and policy institutions, including the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS), are calling for more systems-based research and analysis of society's most pressing and complex problems. However, the use of systems ... ...

Abstract	Worldwide, our collective research and policy institutions, including the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS), are calling for more systems-based research and analysis of society's most pressing and complex problems. However, the use of systems analysis within animal science remains limited and researchers may not have the tools to answer this call. This review thus introduces important concepts in systems thinking methodology, such as policy resistance, feedback processes, and dynamic complexity. An overall rationale for systems thinking and analysis is presented, along with examples of the application of these concepts in current animal science research. In order to contrast systems approaches to more frequently employed event-oriented research frameworks, both frameworks are then applied to the ASAS' identified "Grand Challenge" problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in order to compare these two kinds of analyses. Systems thinking stresses the importance of underlying system structures that lead to persistent problem behaviors vs a focus on unidirectional cause-and-effect relationships. A potential systems framework for animal production decisions to use antimicrobials is shown that more explicitly accounts for AMR in a way that can lead to different animal production decisions than the event-oriented framework. Acknowledging and accounting for fundamental system structures that can explain persistent AMR will lead to different potential solutions to this problem than would be suggested from more linear approaches. The challenges and benefits of incorporating systems methods into animal science research are then discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Systems Analysis ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	390959-1
ISSN	1525-3163 ; 0021-8812
ISSN (online)	1525-3163
ISSN	0021-8812
DOI	10.1093/jas/skab021
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Zs.A 1312: Show issues

Location:
Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

Order via subito

This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

Details ▾
- See ZB MED holdings
- Order with fees

Article: Editorial: Impacts of COVID-19 on agricultural and food systems worldwide and on progress to the sustainable development goals.

Stephens, Emma C / Martin, Guillaume / van Wijk, Mark / Timsina, Jagadish / Snow, Val

Agricultural systems

2020 Volume 183, Page(s) 102873

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	413255-5
ISSN	0308-521X
ISSN	0308-521X
DOI	10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102873
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Z 3165: Show issues

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Details ▾
- See ZB MED holdings
- Order with fees

Article: The immediate impact of the first waves of the global COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural systems worldwide: Reflections on the COVID-19 special issue for agricultural systems

Stephens, Emma C. / Timsina, Jagadish / Snow, Val / Martin, Guillaume / van Wijk, Mark / Klerkx, Laurens / Reidsma, Pytrik

Agricultural systems. 2022 May 19,

2022

Abstract: In May 2020, approximately four months into the COVID-19 pandemic, the journal's editorial team realized there was an opportunity to collect information from a diverse range of agricultural systems on how the pandemic was playing out and affecting the ... ...

Abstract	In May 2020, approximately four months into the COVID-19 pandemic, the journal's editorial team realized there was an opportunity to collect information from a diverse range of agricultural systems on how the pandemic was playing out and affecting the functioning of agricultural systems worldwide. The objective of the special issue was to rapidly collect information, analysis and perspectives from as many regions as possible on the initial impacts of the pandemic on global agricultural systems, The overall goal for the special issue was to develop a useful repository for this information as well as to use the journal's international reach to share this information with the agricultural systems research community and journal readership. The editorial team put out a call for a special issue to capture the initial effects of the pandemic on the agricultural sector. We also recruited teams from eight global regions to write papers summarizing the impacts of the first waves of the pandemic in their area. The work of the regional teams and the broader research community resulted in eight regional summary papers, as well as thirty targeted research articles. In these papers, we find that COVID-19 and global pandemic mitigation measures have had significant and sometimes unexpected impacts on our agricultural systems via shocks to agricultural labour markets, trade and value chains. And, given the high degree of overlap between low income populations and subsistence agricultural production in many regions, we also document significant shocks to food security for these populations, and the high potential for long term losses in terms of human, natural, institutional and economic capital. While we also documented instances of agricultural system resilience capacities, they were not universally accessible. We see particular need to shore up vulnerable agricultural systems and populations most negatively affected by the pandemic and to mitigate pandemic-related losses to preserve other agricultural systems policy objectives, such as improving food security, or addressing climate change. Despite rapid development of vaccines, the pandemic continues to roll on as of the time of writing (early 2022). Only time will tell how the dynamics described in this Special Issue will play out in the coming years. Evidence of agricultural system resilience capacities provides some hopeful perspectives, but also highlights the need to boost these capacities across a wider cross section of agricultural systems and encourage agri-food systems transformation to prepare for more challenges ahead.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; agricultural industry ; capital ; climate change ; farm labor ; food security ; humans ; income ; issues and policy ; pandemic ; trade
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0519
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	413255-5
ISSN	0308-521X
ISSN	0308-521X
DOI	10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103436
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Z 3165: Show issues

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Details ▾
- See ZB MED holdings
- Order with fees

Article ; Online: Agricultural Systems Editors' Picks for World Soil Day 2020

Snow, Val / Stephens, Emma C. / Martin, Guillaume / van Wijk, Mark / Timsina, Jagadish / Klerkx, Laurens

Agricultural Systems

2021 Volume 187

Keywords	Life Science
Language	English
Publishing country	nl
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	413255-5
ISSN	0308-521X
ISSN	0308-521X
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Z 3165: Show issues

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Details ▾

Article ; Online: Two hundred volumes of Agricultural Systems

Snow, Val / Stephens, Emma C. / Martin, G. / Wijk, Mark T. van / Timsina, J. / Reidsma, P. / Klerkx, Laurens / Topp, C. / Taffi, M.

Agricultural Systems

Common themes and trends

2022

Keywords	agriculture ; farming systems ; research
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-06T16:52:23Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article: Agricultural systems research and global food security in the 21st century: An overview and roadmap for future opportunities

Stephens, Emma C / Andrew D. Jones / David Parsons

Agricultural systems. 2018 June, v. 163

2018

Abstract: This article presents a brief history and overview of some key intersections between agricultural systems research and the literature on global food security. It also serves to contextualize the submissions for this special issue, which comprise selected ...

Abstract	This article presents a brief history and overview of some key intersections between agricultural systems research and the literature on global food security. It also serves to contextualize the submissions for this special issue, which comprise selected relevant research presented at the 2nd International Conference on Global Food Security, held at Cornell University in October 2015.
Keywords	agricultural research ; crop production ; food security ; models
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-06
Size	p. 1-6.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	413255-5
ISSN	0308-521X
ISSN	0308-521X
DOI	10.1016/j.agsy.2017.01.011
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Z 3165: Show issues

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Details ▾
- See ZB MED holdings
- Order with fees

Article ; Online: Placental Streptococcus agalactiae DNA is associated with neonatal unit admission and foetal pro-inflammatory cytokines in term infants.

Gaccioli, Francesca / Stephens, Katie / Sovio, Ulla / Jessop, Flora / Wong, Hilary S / Lager, Susanne / Cook, Emma / de Goffau, Marcus C / Le Doare, Kirsty / Peacock, Sharon J / Parkhill, Julian / Charnock-Jones, D Stephen / Smith, Gordon C S

Nature microbiology

2023 Volume 8, Issue 12, Page(s) 2338–2348

Abstract: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus; GBS) is a common cause of sepsis in neonates. Previous work detected GBS DNA in the placenta in ~5% of women before the onset of labour, but the clinical significance of this finding is unknown. Here we re- ...

Abstract	Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus; GBS) is a common cause of sepsis in neonates. Previous work detected GBS DNA in the placenta in ~5% of women before the onset of labour, but the clinical significance of this finding is unknown. Here we re-analysed this dataset as a case control study of neonatal unit (NNU) admission. Of 436 infants born at term (≥37 weeks of gestation), 7/30 with placental GBS and 34/406 without placental GBS were admitted to the NNU (odds ratio (OR) 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-7.8). We then performed a validation study using non-overlapping subjects from the same cohort. This included a further 239 cases of term NNU admission and 686 term controls: 16/36 with placental GBS and 223/889 without GBS were admitted to the NNU (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.6). Of the 36 infants with placental GBS, 10 were admitted to the NNU with evidence of probable but culture-negative sepsis (OR 4.8, 95% CI 2.2-10.3), 2 were admitted with proven GBS sepsis (OR 66.6, 95% CI 7.3-963.7), 6 were admitted and had chorioamnionitis (inflammation of the foetal membranes) (OR 5.3, 95% CI 2.0-13.4), and 5 were admitted and had funisitis (inflammation of the umbilical cord) (OR 6.7, 95% CI 12.5-17.7). Foetal cytokine storm (two or more pro-inflammatory cytokines >10 times median control levels in umbilical cord blood) was present in 36% of infants with placental GBS DNA and 4% of cases where the placenta was negative (OR 14.2, 95% CI 3.6-60.8). Overall, ~1 in 200 term births had GBS detected in the placenta, which was associated with infant NNU admission and morbidity.
MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Infant ; Female ; Placenta ; Streptococcus agalactiae/genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Streptococcal Infections ; Inflammation ; Sepsis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2058-5276
ISSN (online)	2058-5276
DOI	10.1038/s41564-023-01528-2
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: Food security outcomes in agricultural systems models

Nicholson, Charles F. / Stephens Emma C. / Kopainsky, Birgit / Jones, Andrew D. / Parsons, David / Garrett, James

Agricultural Systems

Current status and recommended improvements

2021

Abstract: Improvement of food security is a common objective for many agricultural systems analyses, but how food security has been conceptualized and evaluated within agricultural systems has not been systematically evaluated. We reviewed the literature on ... ...

Abstract	Improvement of food security is a common objective for many agricultural systems analyses, but how food security has been conceptualized and evaluated within agricultural systems has not been systematically evaluated. We reviewed the literature on agricultural systems analyses of food security at the household- and regional-levels, finding that the primary focus is on only one dimension of food security—agricultural output as a proxy for food availability. Given that food security comprises availability, access, utilization and stability dimensions, improved practice would involve more effort to incorporate food access and stability indicators into agricultural systems models. The empirical evidence base for including food access indicators and their determinants within agricultural systems models requires further development through appropriate short and long-term investments in data collection and analysis. Assessment of the stability dimension of food security (through time) is also particularly under-represented in previous work and requires the development and application of appropriate dynamic models of agricultural systems that include food security indicators, coupled with more formalized treatment of robustness and adaptability at both the regional and household levels. We find that agricultural systems models often conflate analysis of food security covariates that have the potential to improve food security (like agricultural yields) with an assessment of food security itself. Agricultural systems modelers should exercise greater caution in referring to analyses of agricultural output and food availability as representing food security more generally.
Keywords	food security ; farming systems ; food access ; stability ; seguridad alimentaria ; sistemas de explotación ; acceso a los alimentos
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-20T10:55:25Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: Quality assurance in surgical trials of arteriovenous grafts for haemodialysis: A systematic review, a narrative exploration and expert recommendations.

The journal of vascular access

2024 , Page(s) 11297298241236521

Abstract: Background: Introducing new procedures and challenging established paradigms requires well-designed randomised controlled trials (RCT). However, RCT in surgery present unique challenges with much of treatment tailored to the individual patient ... ...

Abstract	Background: Introducing new procedures and challenging established paradigms requires well-designed randomised controlled trials (RCT). However, RCT in surgery present unique challenges with much of treatment tailored to the individual patient circumstances, refined by experience and limited by organisational factors. There has been considerable debate over the outcomes of arteriovenous grafts (AVG) compared to AVF, but any differences may reflect differing practice and potential variability. It is essential, therefore, when considering an RCT of a novel surgical procedure or device that Method: The methods of this have been previously registered (PROSPERO: CRD420234284280) and published. In summary, a four-stage review was performed: identification of RCT of AVG, initial review, multidisciplinary appraisal of QA methods and reconciliation. QA measures were sought in four areas - generic, credentialing, standardisation and monitoring, with data abstracted by a multi-national, multi-speciality review body. Results: QA in RCT involving AVG in all four domains is highly variable, often sub-optimally described and has not improved over the past three decades. Few RCT established or defined a pre-RCT level of experience, none documented a pre-trial education programme, or had minimal standards of peri-operative management, no study had a defined pre-trial monitoring programme, and none assessed technical performance. Conclusion: QA in RCT is a relatively new area that is expanding to ensure evidence is reliable and reproducible. This review demonstrates that QA has not previously been detailed, but can be measured in surgical RCT of vascular access, and that a four-domain approach can easily be implemented into future RCT.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2252820-9
ISSN	1724-6032 ; 1129-7298
ISSN (online)	1724-6032
ISSN	1129-7298
DOI	10.1177/11297298241236521
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Zs.A 6414: Show issues

Location:
Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

Order via subito

Details ▾
- See ZB MED holdings
- Order with fees

Article ; Online: Randomized clinical trial: Direct-acting antivirals as treatment for hepatitis C in people who inject drugs: Delivered in needle and syringe programs via directly observed therapy versus fortnightly collection.

Beer, Lewis / Inglis, Sarah / Malaguti, Amy / Byrne, Christopher / Sharkey, Christian / Robinson, Emma / Gillings, Kirsty / Radley, Andrew / Hapca, Adrian / Stephens, Brian / Dillon, John

Journal of viral hepatitis

2022 Volume 29, Issue 8, Page(s) 646–653

Abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in people who inject drugs (PWID) is delivered within settings ...

Abstract	Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in people who inject drugs (PWID) is delivered within settings frequented by PWID, such as needle and syringe programs (NSP). The optimal direct-acting antiviral (DAA) dispensing regimen among NSP clients is unknown. This study compared cures (Sustained virologic response 12 weeks post-treatment, [SVR
MeSH term(s)	Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Directly Observed Therapy ; Drug Users ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy ; Humans ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology ; Syringes
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1212497-7
ISSN	1365-2893 ; 1352-0504
ISSN (online)	1365-2893
ISSN	1352-0504
DOI	10.1111/jvh.13701
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

Full text online

Accessible to users with ZB MED library card

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Zs.A 4119: Show issues

Location:
Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

Order via subito

Details ▾

To top

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito

Full text online

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito