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  1. Book ; Online: Using Substances to Enhance Performance: A Psychology of Neuroenhancement

    Brand, Ralf / Wolff, Wanja

    2017  

    Abstract: Neuroenhancement (NE) is a behavior conceptualized as the use of a potentially psychoactive substance to enhance ones' already proficient cognitive capacities. Depending on the specific definitions used, prevalence estimates vary greatly between very low ...

    Abstract Neuroenhancement (NE) is a behavior conceptualized as the use of a potentially psychoactive substance to enhance ones' already proficient cognitive capacities. Depending on the specific definitions used, prevalence estimates vary greatly between very low 0.3% (for illicit substances) to astonishingly high 89% (for freely available lifestyle substances). These variations indicate that further research and more conceptual and theoretical clarification of the NE construct is dearly needed. The contributions of this research topic aim to do just that. Specific questions addressed are: How prevalent is NE behavior? How can NE research profit from the already more evolved field of social science research on doping in sports? How is NE perceived by the public? What psychological processes and variables play a role in the decision to neuroenhance? A wide array of methodological approaches is used to investigate these questions. The topics contributions range from theoretical to experimental accounts on NE, and they utilize a diverse set of methods ranging from qualitative to neuroscientific approaches. The research presented here represents a first step towards what we have labeled a psychological approach to NE. By addressing the questions above this research topic hopefully advances our understanding of NE behavior. As with every new field of research, new answers always prompt new questions. In light of what we know now about NE, we hope that the findings presented here will be pursued by other researchers in the future. Clearly, the endeavor to understand NE behavior has only just begun
    Keywords Psychology ; Science (General)
    Size 1 electronic resource (114 p.)
    Publisher Frontiers Media SA
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English ; Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT020094998
    ISBN 9782889450756 ; 2889450759
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: Boredom Proneness Predicts Self-Assessed Decision Errors in Sports but Is Unrelated to Risk Taking in General.

    Wolff, Wanja / Bieleke, Maik / Keller, Lucas

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 6

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Introduction
    MeSH term(s) Athletes ; Boredom ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Personality ; Risk-Taking ; Sports
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph19063479
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Mind-over-body beliefs in sport and exercise: A driving force for training volume and performance, but with risks for exercise addiction.

    Schüler, Julia / Stähler, Johanna / Wolff, Wanja

    Psychology of sport and exercise

    2023  Volume 68, Page(s) 102462

    Abstract: We assume that athletic success is associated with certain beliefs that on the one hand promote performance-enhancing behavior (training volume), but on the other hand can also be detrimental to health (sports addiction). These beliefs are succinctly ... ...

    Abstract We assume that athletic success is associated with certain beliefs that on the one hand promote performance-enhancing behavior (training volume), but on the other hand can also be detrimental to health (sports addiction). These beliefs are succinctly characterized by the title of the 9-item "Mind-over-Body" scale presented here. They are the three beliefs that 1) athletic performance requires a high level of effort, 2) that willpower plays an important role in athletic success, and 3) that athletic success requires pain tolerance. A total of six web-survey-based studies with a total of 1121 participants (approximately gender parity), including individuals with different levels of athletic performance (no competition; amateur sport; regional, national, or international competition), examined the psychometric network and construct and criterion validity of the MoB scale. Exploratory graph analyses, which included the studies with the largest sample sizes, showed that the three belief components (effort, willpower, pain) form separable communities within the MoB network and that the MoB items form communities distinct from self-control and self-efficacy. Meta-analyzed correlations across all six studies showed low positive correlations with self-control and self-efficacy. In terms of criterion validity, MoB beliefs were positively correlated with training volume and exercise addiction. We discuss MoBs as "on the edge of unhealthy" and place MOBs within a framework of related but distinct concepts.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Exercise ; Athletic Performance ; Athletes ; Behavior, Addictive ; Pain
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1878-5476
    ISSN (online) 1878-5476
    DOI 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102462
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: It's not a bug, it's boredom: Effortful willpower balances exploitation and exploration.

    Bieleke, Maik / Wolff, Wanja

    The Behavioral and brain sciences

    2021  Volume 44, Page(s) e33

    Abstract: The continuous revaluation of rewards lies at the core of Ainslie's account of willpower. Yet, he does not explicate the underlying experiential mechanisms. We draw upon theoretical, neuroscientific, and computational evidence to demonstrate that boredom ...

    Abstract The continuous revaluation of rewards lies at the core of Ainslie's account of willpower. Yet, he does not explicate the underlying experiential mechanisms. We draw upon theoretical, neuroscientific, and computational evidence to demonstrate that boredom evokes revaluation. By biasing behavior toward exploration, boredom necessitates effortful willpower to balance it against exploitation, thereby rendering suppression a highly adaptive function of willpower.
    MeSH term(s) Boredom ; Humans ; Male ; Reward
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 423721-3
    ISSN 1469-1825 ; 0140-525X
    ISSN (online) 1469-1825
    ISSN 0140-525X
    DOI 10.1017/S0140525X20001053
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
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  5. Article: Boredom is the root of all evil-or is it? A psychometric network approach to individual differences in behavioural responses to boredom.

    Bieleke, Maik / Ripper, Leonie / Schüler, Julia / Wolff, Wanja

    Royal Society open science

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 9, Page(s) 211998

    Abstract: Functional accounts of boredom propose that boredom serves as an impartial signal to change something about the current situation, which should give rise to adaptive and maladaptive behaviour alike. This seemingly contrasts with research on boredom ... ...

    Abstract Functional accounts of boredom propose that boredom serves as an impartial signal to change something about the current situation, which should give rise to adaptive and maladaptive behaviour alike. This seemingly contrasts with research on boredom proneness, which has overwhelmingly shown associations with maladaptive behaviour. To shed light on this discrepancy, we disentangled boredom proneness from individual differences in (i) the
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2787755-3
    ISSN 2054-5703
    ISSN 2054-5703
    DOI 10.1098/rsos.211998
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Getting trapped in a dead end? Trait self-control and boredom are linked to goal adjustment.

    Bieleke, Maik / Wolff, Wanja / Keller, Lucas

    Motivation and emotion

    2022  Volume 46, Issue 6, Page(s) 837–851

    Abstract: Disengaging from unattainable goals and reengaging in alternative goals is essential for effective goal pursuit; yet, surprisingly little is known about associated personality factors. Here, we focused on individual differences in self-control (domain- ... ...

    Abstract Disengaging from unattainable goals and reengaging in alternative goals is essential for effective goal pursuit; yet, surprisingly little is known about associated personality factors. Here, we focused on individual differences in self-control (domain-general self-control, if-then planning) and boredom (boredom proneness, boredom avoidance and escape tendencies). Concerning goal adjustment in everyday life (Study 1;
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2018072-X
    ISSN 1573-6644 ; 0146-7239
    ISSN (online) 1573-6644
    ISSN 0146-7239
    DOI 10.1007/s11031-022-09943-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: 24 Hours on the Run-Does Boredom Matter for Ultra-Endurance Athletes' Crises?

    Weich, Christian / Schüler, Julia / Wolff, Wanja

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 11

    Abstract: Sport and exercise can be boring. In the general population, thinking of sports as boring has been linked to exercising less. However, less is known about the role of boredom in people who participate in ultra-endurance competitions: Do these athletes ... ...

    Abstract Sport and exercise can be boring. In the general population, thinking of sports as boring has been linked to exercising less. However, less is known about the role of boredom in people who participate in ultra-endurance competitions: Do these athletes also associate their sports with boredom, and does boredom pose a self-regulatory challenge that predicts if they encounter a crisis during an ultra-endurance competition? Here, we investigate these questions with a sample of
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Athletes ; Boredom ; Female ; Humans ; Pain ; Physical Endurance ; Running
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph19116859
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Boredom is the root of all evil—or is it? A psychometric network approach to individual differences in behavioural responses to boredom

    Maik Bieleke / Leonie Ripper / Julia Schüler / Wanja Wolff

    Royal Society Open Science, Vol 9, Iss

    2022  Volume 9

    Abstract: Functional accounts of boredom propose that boredom serves as an impartial signal to change something about the current situation, which should give rise to adaptive and maladaptive behaviour alike. This seemingly contrasts with research on boredom ... ...

    Abstract Functional accounts of boredom propose that boredom serves as an impartial signal to change something about the current situation, which should give rise to adaptive and maladaptive behaviour alike. This seemingly contrasts with research on boredom proneness, which has overwhelmingly shown associations with maladaptive behaviour. To shed light on this discrepancy, we disentangled boredom proneness from individual differences in (i) the urge to avoid and escape boredom and (ii) adaptive and maladaptive ways of dealing with boredom by developing corresponding trait scales. In a study with N = 636 participants, psychometric network modelling revealed tight associations between boredom proneness and less adaptive and (especially) more maladaptive ways of dealing with boredom. However, its associations with the urge to avoid and escape boredom were rather weak. Importantly, a higher urge to avoid and escape boredom was linked not only to more maladaptive but also to more adaptive ways of dealing with boredom. This pattern of results was robust across various specific behaviours that have previously been linked to boredom. Our findings provide novel evidence for functional accounts of boredom from an individual difference perspective, cautioning against a shallow view of boredom as being associated with purely maladaptive behaviour.
    Keywords boredom proneness ; functional theories of emotion ; adaptive and maladaptive behaviour ; psychometric network modelling ; boredom avoidance and escape ; dealing with boredom ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher The Royal Society
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Tracking Self-Control - Task Performance and Pupil Size in a Go/No-Go Inhibition Task.

    Timme, Sinika / Wolff, Wanja / Englert, Chris / Brand, Ralf

    Frontiers in psychology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 915016

    Abstract: There is an ongoing debate about how to test and operationalize self-control. This limited understanding is in large part due to a variety of different tests and measures used to assess self-control, as well as the lack of empirical studies examining the ...

    Abstract There is an ongoing debate about how to test and operationalize self-control. This limited understanding is in large part due to a variety of different tests and measures used to assess self-control, as well as the lack of empirical studies examining the temporal dynamics during the exertion of self-control. In order to track changes that occur over the course of exposure to a self-control task, we investigate and compare behavioral, subjective, and physiological indicators during the exertion of self-control. Participants completed both a task requiring inhibitory control (Go/No-Go task) and a control task (two-choice task). Behavioral performance and pupil size were measured during the tasks. Subjective vitality was measured before and after the tasks. While pupil size and subjective vitality showed similar trajectories in the two tasks, behavioral performance decreased in the inhibitory control-demanding task, but not in the control task. However, behavioral, subjective, and physiological measures were not significantly correlated. These results suggest that there is a disconnect between different measures of self-control with high intra- and interindividual variability. Theoretical and methodological implications for self-control theory and future empirical work are discussed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.915016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: What Brings Out the Best and Worst of People With a Strong Explicit Achievement Motive? The Role of (Lack of) Achievement Incentives for Performance in an Endurance Task.

    Schüler, Julia / Wolff, Wanja

    Frontiers in psychology

    2020  Volume 11, Page(s) 932

    Abstract: An explicit achievement motive is intuitively related to good performance. In contrast, the present paper directs attention to conditions where individuals with a strong explicit achievement motive display poor performance. We hypothesized that ... ...

    Abstract An explicit achievement motive is intuitively related to good performance. In contrast, the present paper directs attention to conditions where individuals with a strong explicit achievement motive display poor performance. We hypothesized that participants with a strong achievement motive perform worse in a bicycle ergometer task when task instructions lack achievement incentives than when the instructions include achievement incentives. Furthermore, we expected that, when achievement incentives are lacking, they show even worse performance than participants with a weak achievement motive. For the latter, we assumed that they are relatively unaffected by the achievement incentive content of the instructions. In a within-subject experimental design (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00932
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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