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Article ; Online: Retainment of U.S. Orthopaedic Surgeons in Academia from 2016 to 2022.

Weintraub, Matthew / Ahn, David / Herzog, Isabel / Mendiratta, Dhruv / Zheng, Zheshi / Kaushal, Neil / Vosbikian, Michael / Chu, Alice

JB & JS open access

2024 Volume 9, Issue 1

Abstract: ... A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of U.S. academic orthopaedic surgeons affiliated with programs under ...

Abstract	Background: Academic medical centers greatly benefit from retaining their physicians; that ensures continuity in patient care, enhances resident education, and maintains a pool of experienced clinicians and researchers. Despite its importance, little research has been published on the retainment of academic faculty in orthopaedics. To address this gap, this study investigates the demographic trends of academic orthopaedic surgeons from 2016 to 2022. By analyzing data pertaining to gender distribution, years of practice, research productivity, and institutional rankings, we aimed to gain insights into the factors influencing faculty retainment, institution changes, and new entrants into academic orthopaedics. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of U.S. academic orthopaedic surgeons affiliated with programs under the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) in 2016 and 2022 was performed. Faculty present in both the 2016 and the 2022 data were classified as being "retained" in academia; those present only in 2016, as having "left" academia; and those present only in 2022, as being "new" to academia. The retained group was then divided into movers (those who moved to other institutions) and non-movers. Results: Retained orthopaedists had fewer years of practice, a higher h-index (Hirsch index), and more publications. Non-fellowship-trained orthopaedists had less retainment in academia, and orthopaedists with fellowships in oncology had more retainment in academia. Additionally, movers also had fewer years in practice but an equal level of scholarly productivity when compared with non-movers. Lastly, higher-ranked academic programs retained a greater proportion of orthopaedic surgeons. Conclusions: Over the study period, a majority of orthopaedists (56.99%) chose to remain in academia. Those retained tended to be in the earlier stages of their careers, yet demonstrated higher research output. Notably, the representation of female orthopaedists in academic orthopaedics is on the rise. Conversely, lower-ranked programs faced higher turnover rates, highlighting the challenges that they encounter in retaining faculty members. Clinical relevance: Academic medical centers benefit from retaining orthopaedic surgeons by maintaining patient relationships, having consistency in resident education, and building on clinical and research expertise. Likewise, orthopaedists benefit from understanding the trends in current academic employment, in order to optimize career planning decisions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2472-7245
ISSN (online)	2472-7245
DOI	10.2106/JBJS.OA.23.00111
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Article ; Online: Identifying factors associated with elevated suicidal intent among U.S. military veterans.

Nichter, Brandon / Na, Peter J / Stanley, Ian H / Marx, Brian P / Herzog, Sarah / Moynahan, Vanessa / Hill, Melanie L / Norman, Sonya B / Pietrzak, Robert H

Journal of psychiatric research

2022 Volume 155, Page(s) 68–74

Abstract: ... among U.S. military veterans, a population at high risk for suicide. This study examined vulnerability ... factors associated with suicidal intent in a population-based sample of U.S. veterans.: Methods: Data ... a representative sample of 4069 U.S. veterans. Analyses estimated the prevalence of current suicidal intent (i.e ...

Abstract	Objective: Suicidal intent is a risk factor for engagement in suicidal behavior, use of violent means, and suicide mortality. Yet, scarce research has examined factors associated with suicidal intent among U.S. military veterans, a population at high risk for suicide. This study examined vulnerability factors associated with suicidal intent in a population-based sample of U.S. veterans. Methods: Data were analyzed from the 2019-2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, which surveyed a representative sample of 4069 U.S. veterans. Analyses estimated the prevalence of current suicidal intent (i.e., veterans' report that they would likely attempt suicide in the future) and examined factors most strongly associated with suicidal intent. Results: Forty-nine veterans (1.4%; 95% confidence interval = 1.0-1.8%) reported suicidal intent. Recurrent past-year suicidal ideation (≥2 times), low dispositional gratitude, current depression, current insomnia, childhood sexual abuse, and a prior suicide attempt were most strongly associated with suicidal intent (7.1-50.1% of the total explained variance). Veterans with several of these co-occurring factors were at highest risk for suicidal intent; of veterans with 0, ≥1, ≥2, ≥3, and ≥4 of these factors, 0.1%, 4.4%, 10.8%, 19.5%, and 28.1% reported suicidal intent, respectively. Discussion: Specific vulnerability factors, particularly when co-occurring, may increase veterans' intention of attempting suicide. Findings underscore the importance for clinicians to continuously assess suicidal intent when working with this population, particularly as veterans' reports of suicidal thinking increases.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Offenses ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide, Attempted ; Veterans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3148-3
ISSN	1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
ISSN (online)	1879-1379
ISSN	0022-3956
DOI	10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.08.001
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Article ; Online: Factors associated with remission of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in U.S. military veterans with a history of suicide attempt.

Herzog, Sarah / Nichter, Brandon / Hill, Melanie L / Norman, Sonya B / Pietrzak, Robert H

Journal of psychiatric research

2022 Volume 149, Page(s) 62–67

Abstract: Suicide is a major public health problem in U.S. military veterans, but little is known ... protective correlates of remission from suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB) in U.S. veterans with a prior ...

Abstract	Suicide is a major public health problem in U.S. military veterans, but little is known about factors associated with remission from suicide attempts in this population. We aimed to identify risk and protective correlates of remission from suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB) in U.S. veterans with a prior suicide attempt. Data were analyzed from the 2019-2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study survey. A broad range of sociodemographic, military, physical and mental health, and psychosocial variable were assessed. Purpose in life, dispositional gratitude, and conscientiousness emerged as independent correlates of STB remission (24.3%-40.3% of explained variance), even after accounting for other relevant risk and protective factors. While the cross-sectional nature of the study precludes the ability to determine whether the identified protective factors are causally related to STB remission, results suggest three potentially modifiable targets for suicide prevention efforts in veterans. Longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the role of purpose in life, dispositional gratitude, and conscientiousness in promoting remission from STBs in veterans and other populations at risk for suicide.
MeSH term(s)	Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide, Attempted ; Veterans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	3148-3
ISSN	1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
ISSN (online)	1879-1379
ISSN	0022-3956
DOI	10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.021
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Article ; Online: Experimental upscaling analyses for a surfactant-enhanced in-situ chemical oxidation (S-ISCO) remediation design.

Herzog, Benjamin M / Kleinknecht, Simon M / Haslauer, Claus P / Klaas, Norbert

Journal of contaminant hydrology

2023 Volume 258, Page(s) 104230

Abstract: Surfactant-enhanced in-situ chemical oxidation (S-ISCO) is an emerging innovative remediation ... technology for the treatment of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). S-ISCO combines the solubilization ... remediation design. A proof of concept was provided by performing an S-ISCO medium-scale experiment (100 cm ...

Abstract	Surfactant-enhanced in-situ chemical oxidation (S-ISCO) is an emerging innovative remediation technology for the treatment of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). S-ISCO combines the solubilization of contaminants by means of surfactants with the chemical oxidation by an oxidizing agent, thus, potentially increasing the efficiency of the state-of-the-art ISCO technique. Scientific investigations are needed to enable the technology transfer for potential field applications based on the development of a remediation design under well-defined boundary conditions. For this purpose, experimental upscaling analyses were performed using the special infrastructure of the research facility for subsurface remediation (VEGAS). Batch tests showed that oxidation of the selected surfactant E-Mulse 3® (EM3) by activated persulfate (Na-PS) reduced the solubilization of the model contaminants 1,4-DCB, naphthalene, and PCE. As a consequence, the processes of contaminant solubilization and degradation were temporally and spatially separated in the developed remediation design. A proof of concept was provided by performing an S-ISCO medium-scale experiment (100 cm length, 70 cm height, 12.5 cm width), with 1,2-DCB as model DNAPL contaminant to be treated. A groundwater circulation well (GCW) was used to inject a 60 g/L Na-PS solution and to effectively mix the reagents. Sampling of the experiment's outflow and the soil material after treatment showed that neither rebound effects nor residual mass loadings on the soil material could be detected after termination of the S-ISCO treatment. To further evaluate the S-ISCO remediation design under field-like conditions, a large-scale S-ISCO experiment was conducted (6 m length, 3 m height, 1 m width), allowing for an extensive sampling campaign to monitor relevant processes. An efficient contaminant removal from the former source zone could be reached by surfactant solubilization, decreasing contaminant levels from initially over 2000 mg/L 1,2-DCB to final concentrations below 5 mg/L 1,2-DCB. The heterogeneously distributed contaminant degradation, implemented by a three-filter GCW, was attributed to density-induced migration processes that impeded an optimal reaction zone. A density-dependent numerical transport could qualitatively match the observations. By comparing different simulation scenarios, an adapted operation of the GCW was established that provides for a more efficient distribution of the density-influenced oxidant injection.
MeSH term(s)	Surface-Active Agents ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidants ; Soil/chemistry ; Groundwater/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Surface-Active Agents ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Oxidants ; Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1494766-3
ISSN	1873-6009 ; 0169-7722
ISSN (online)	1873-6009
ISSN	0169-7722
DOI	10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104230
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Article ; Online: Longitudinal courses of suicidal ideation in U.S. military veterans: a 7-year population-based, prospective cohort study.

Herzog, Sarah / Tsai, Jack / Nichter, Brandon / Kachadourian, Lorig / Harpaz-Rotem, Ilan / Pietrzak, Robert H

Psychological medicine

2021 , Page(s) 1–10

Abstract: ... of risk and protective factors.: Method: A national probability sample of 2291 U.S. veterans was ...

Abstract	Background: Varied longitudinal courses of suicidal ideation (SI) may be linked to unique sets of risk and protective factors. Method: A national probability sample of 2291 U.S. veterans was followed over four assessments spanning 7 years to examine how a broad range of baseline risk and protective factors predict varying courses of SI. Results: Most veterans (82.6%) denied SI at baseline and all follow-ups, while 8.7% had new onset SI, 5.4% chronic SI, and 3.3% remitted SI. Compared to the no-SI group, chronic SI was associated with childhood trauma, baseline major depressive and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (MDD/PTSD), physical health difficulties, and recent traumatic stressors. Remitted veterans had the highest risk of a prior suicide attempt (SA) compared to no-SI [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 3.31] and chronic SI groups (RRR = 4.65); and high rates of MDD/PTSD (RRR = 7.62). New onset SI was associated with recent stressors and physical health difficulties. All symptomatic SI groups reported decrements in protective factors, specifically, social connectedness, trait curiosity/exploration, and purpose in life. Conclusion: Nearly one-in-five veterans reported SI over a 7-year period, most of whom evidenced new onset or remitted SI courses. Chronic and remitted SI may represent particularly high-risk SI courses; the former was associated with higher rates of prospective SA, and psychiatric and physical distress, and the latter with increased likelihood of prior SA, and isolation from social and mental health supports. Physical disability, MDD/PTSD, and recent stressors may be important precipitating or maintaining factors of SI, while social connectedness may be a key target for suicide prevention efforts.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	217420-0
ISSN	1469-8978 ; 0033-2917
ISSN (online)	1469-8978
ISSN	0033-2917
DOI	10.1017/S0033291721000301
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Article ; Online: Differentiating U.S. military veterans who think about suicide from those who attempt suicide: A population-based study.

Nichter, Brandon / Monteith, Lindsey L / Norman, Sonya B / Maguen, Shira / Hill, Melanie L / Herzog, Sarah / Pietrzak, Robert H

General hospital psychiatry

2021 Volume 72, Page(s) 117–123

Abstract: Objective: Several vulnerability factors for suicidal behavior in U.S. veterans have been ... SA); and examined differences between veterans with a history of attempt(s), and SI without a history ... of attempt(s).: Results: A total 25.9% of U.S. veterans reported lifetime SI and 3.9% reported a SA ...

Abstract	Objective: Several vulnerability factors for suicidal behavior in U.S. veterans have been identified. However, little is known about factors that differentiate veterans who contemplate suicide from those who attempt suicide. This study examined sociodemographic and clinical characteristics that distinguish veterans who think about suicide from those who attempt suicide. Method: Data were analyzed from the 2019-2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, which surveyed a population-based sample of 4069 veterans. Analyses estimated the lifetime prevalence of suicide ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA); and examined differences between veterans with a history of attempt(s), and SI without a history of attempt(s). Results: A total 25.9% of U.S. veterans reported lifetime SI and 3.9% reported a SA. Several factors distinguished veterans with a history of SA from those with SI only: the strongest were younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95-0.98), nonsuicidal self-injury (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.11-3.03), adverse childhood experiences (OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.06-1.23), alcohol use disorder (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.28-3.12), lower household income (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.40-0.95), and physical disability (OR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.07-2.70). Conclusions: Although a quarter of U.S. veterans contemplate suicide in their lifetimes, the majority do not attempt suicide. Specific sociodemographic and clinical features may differentiate veterans who contemplate versus attempt suicide.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Risk Factors ; Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide, Attempted ; Veterans
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	392299-6
ISSN	1873-7714 ; 0163-8343
ISSN (online)	1873-7714
ISSN	0163-8343
DOI	10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.08.007
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Article ; Online: Factors associated with multiple suicide attempts in a nationally representative study of U.S. military veterans.

Nichter, Brandon / Maguen, Shira / Monteith, Lindsey L / Kachadourian, Lorig / Norman, Sonya B / Hill, Melanie L / Herzog, Sarah / Pietrzak, Robert H

Journal of psychiatric research

2021 Volume 140, Page(s) 295–300

Abstract: ... sample of U.S. military veterans.: Methods: Data were analyzed from the 2019-2020 National Health and ... Resilience in Veterans Study, which surveyed a representative sample of 4069 U.S. veterans.: Analyses ...

Abstract	Objective: Veterans with a history of multiple suicide attempts are at increased risk for suicide mortality relative to those with a single attempt. However, little is known about factors that differentiate veterans who attempt suicide once compared to more than once. This study examined factors that distinguish single suicide attempters (SSA) from multiple suicide attempters (MSA) in a nationally representative sample of U.S. military veterans. Methods: Data were analyzed from the 2019-2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, which surveyed a representative sample of 4069 U.S. veterans. Analyses: (a) estimated the lifetime prevalence of SSA and MSA; and (b) examined factors that differentiated veterans with a SSA from MSA. Results: The lifetime prevalences of SSA and MSA were 1.9% and 2.0%. The strongest correlates of MSA were history of lifetime depression (odds ratio [OR], 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-8.35), non-suicidal self-injury (OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.27-8.45), drug use disorder (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.67-9.54), and marital status (OR, 0.40, 95% CI, 0.18-0.87), which accounted for 15.5%-41.4% of the total explained variance in MSA. Discussion: Half of military veterans who have attempted suicide in the United States report more than one attempt, suggesting that suicide attempts are not a one-time occurrence for a substantial proportion of veterans. Veterans who attempt suicide more than once show more deliberate self-harm behavior and have greater psychiatric comorbidities relative to single attempters. Implications for future research examining risk factors for suicide attempts among veterans are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide, Attempted ; United States/epidemiology ; Veterans
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	3148-3
ISSN	1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
ISSN (online)	1879-1379
ISSN	0022-3956
DOI	10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.06.012
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Article ; Online: Risk factors for suicide attempts among U.S. military veterans: A 7-year population-based, longitudinal cohort study.

Nichter, Brandon / Stein, Murray B / Monteith, Lindsey L / Herzog, Sarah / Holliday, Ryan / Hill, Melanie L / Norman, Sonya B / Krystal, John H / Pietrzak, Robert H

Suicide & life-threatening behavior

2021 Volume 52, Issue 2, Page(s) 303–316

Abstract: Background: Population-based data on risk factors for suicide attempts among veterans remains limited.: Methods: A national probability sample of 2307 veterans was followed over the course of four timepoints spanning seven years to examine how a ... ...

Abstract	Background: Population-based data on risk factors for suicide attempts among veterans remains limited. Methods: A national probability sample of 2307 veterans was followed over the course of four timepoints spanning seven years to examine how a range of baseline risk factors predict incident suicide attempt. Suicide attempt data were aggregated into a single follow-up timepoint. Results: Sixty-two veterans (3.1%) reported attempting suicide during the 7-year period. The strongest risk factors for suicide attempts were higher baseline levels of loneliness, lower baseline levels of adaptive psychosocial traits (e.g., dispositional gratitude), baseline thoughts of self-harm, and greater post-baseline trauma exposures (12.3%-41.3% of explained variance). Veterans with multiple co-occurring risk factors were at greatest risk for attempts; of veterans with 0, 1, 2, 3, and all 4 of these factors, the predicted probability of suicide attempt was 2.0%, 5.3%, 13.5%, 30.4%, and 55.0%, respectively. Conclusions: Baseline loneliness, dispositional gratitude, thoughts of self-harm, and new-onset traumas emerged as the strongest risk factors for suicide attempts among veterans, underscoring the potential importance of targeting these factors in prevention efforts. Veterans with multiple co-occurring risk factors have substantially greater risk for suicide attempts, suggesting that examination of multiple coinciding vulnerability factors may help improve suicide risk prediction models.
MeSH term(s)	Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Risk Factors ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide, Attempted/psychology ; Veterans/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	750058-0
ISSN	1943-278X ; 0047-4592 ; 0363-0234
ISSN (online)	1943-278X
ISSN	0047-4592 ; 0363-0234
DOI	10.1111/sltb.12822
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Article ; Online: Zaposlitvene možnosti otrok s kronično ledvično boleznijo

Ana Herzog / Ivana Kreft Hausmeister

Zdravniški Vestnik, Vol 90, Iss 1-2, Pp 102-

2021 Volume 111

Abstract: Na zaposlenost bolnikov s kronično ledvično boleznijo (KLB), ki so zboleli v otroštvu, vpliva ... slabše nevrokognitivno delovanje in težave s telesnim zdravjem prispevajo k slabšemu učnemu uspehu, nižji ... anksioznost in depresivnost. Mladi odrasli s KLB so manj samostojni in dosežejo manj razvojnih mejnikov ter ...

Abstract	Na zaposlenost bolnikov s kronično ledvično boleznijo (KLB), ki so zboleli v otroštvu, vpliva celoten potek razvoja bolezni med odraščanjem in tudi kasneje v odraslosti. Pogoste odsotnosti od pouka, slabše nevrokognitivno delovanje in težave s telesnim zdravjem prispevajo k slabšemu učnemu uspehu, nižji stopnji dosežene izobrazbe in čustvenim težavam, kot so slabša samopodoba, občutek osamljenosti, anksioznost in depresivnost. Mladi odrasli s KLB so manj samostojni in dosežejo manj razvojnih mejnikov ter kasneje kot zdravi vrstniki. Zaradi nižje dosežene izobrazbe in predvideno pogostih bolniških odsotnosti so manj privlačni za delodajalce. Na kakovost življenja in zaposljivost bolnikov s KLB pomembno vplivata tudi starost, pri kateri nastopi končna ledvična odpoved, in način nadomestnega zdravljenja. Kljub vsem težavam se večina bolnikov čuti sposobne za delo in si želi zaposlitve. Smiselno je ozaveščati učitelje in delodajalce o omejitvah KLB ter pomagati bolnikom pri iskanju zaposlitve.
Keywords	kronična ledvična bolezen ; otroci ; začetek v otroštvu ; zaposlitev ; socialno-ekonomski status ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Slovenian Medical Association
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Dissociative Symptoms in a Nationally Representative Sample of Trauma-Exposed U.S. Military Veterans: Prevalence, Comorbidities, and Suicidality.

Herzog, Sarah / Fogle, Brienna M / Harpaz-Rotem, Ilan / Tsai, Jack / Pietrzak, Robert H

Journal of affective disorders

2020 Volume 272, Page(s) 138–145

Abstract: ... representative sample of trauma-exposed U.S. veterans irrespective of PTSD diagnostic status. We then compared ... independent of comorbidities.: Results: A total 20.8% of U.S. veterans reported experiencing mild-to-severe ... prevalent in U.S. veterans and may be an important transdiagnostic marker of heightened risk for suicidality ...

Abstract	Background: Dissociative symptoms have been documented in diverse clinical and non-clinical populations, and are associated with poor mental health outcomes. Yet, research on dissociative symptoms is frequently limited to PTSD samples, and therefore little is known about the prevalence, clinical correlates, and risk factors related to dissociative symptoms in broader, representative trauma-exposed populations. Methods: The current study assessed dissociative symptoms in a contemporary, nationally representative sample of trauma-exposed U.S. veterans irrespective of PTSD diagnostic status. We then compared sociodemographic, military, and psychiatric characteristics, trauma histories, level of functioning, and quality of life in veterans with dissociative symptoms to those without dissociative symptoms; and determined the incremental association between dissociative symptoms, and suicidality, functioning, and quality of life, independent of comorbidities. Results: A total 20.8% of U.S. veterans reported experiencing mild-to-severe dissociative symptoms. Compared to veterans without dissociative symptoms, veterans with dissociative symptoms were younger, and more likely to be non-white, unmarried/partnered and unemployed, had lower education and income, and were more likely to have been combat-exposed and use the VA are their primary source of healthcare. They also had elevated rates of psychiatric comorbidities, lower functioning and quality of life, and a 5-fold greater likelihood of current suicidal ideation and 4-fold greater likelihood of lifetime suicide attempt history. Limitations: Cross-sectional data limit inference of the directionality of findings, and results may not generalize to non-veteran populations. Conclusions: Dissociative symptoms are prevalent in U.S. veterans and may be an important transdiagnostic marker of heightened risk for suicidality and psychiatric comorbidities. These results underscore the importance of assessing, monitoring, and treating dissociative symptoms in this population.
MeSH term(s)	Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Suicide ; United States/epidemiology ; Veterans
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	135449-8
ISSN	1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
ISSN (online)	1573-2517
ISSN	0165-0327
DOI	10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.177
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