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Article ; Online: Virtual accreditation visits for pharmacy programs in light of the COVID-19 pandemic: Team members' perspective.

Qandil, Amjad M / Esposito, Emily R / Cox, Arthur G / Al-Ghananeem, Abeer M

Currents in pharmacy teaching & learning

2022 Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) 521–525

Abstract: Purpose: This wisdom of experience commentary, from peer academic reviewers serving on accreditation teams, will discuss benefits and challenges of international and national virtual accreditation visits (VAVs) using a "What? So What? Now What?" ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: This wisdom of experience commentary, from peer academic reviewers serving on accreditation teams, will discuss benefits and challenges of international and national virtual accreditation visits (VAVs) using a "What? So What? Now What?" reflective model. Description: Onsite accreditation reviews for health professional education programs require investments in time, effort, and money to maintain program alignment with accreditation standards and continuously generate quality practitioners. When COVID-19 entered the accreditation world, reviewers had to pivot modalities to a VAV format. Analysis/interpretation: Adaptation and expectations of VAVs present several challenges. Barriers and advantages will be discussed as well as implications for the future. While medical and pharmacy education standardization has long been established, the authors propose national and international accrediting bodies will utilize the ingenuity of emergency COVID-19-driven onsite accreditation alternatives to develop protocols for novel accreditation methodology. Conclusions: Whether the continued mutation of COVID-19 prevents the return to previous accreditation visits or not, the experiences gained from the emergency-driven VAV, can inform and enrich accrediting bodies knowledge, theories, and practices of future VAVs. Implications: Higher-education institutions, accreditation bodies, and government entities will use experiences during COVID-19 to transform and improve academic requirements and future practices. Even if there is a full return to onsite reviews, such guidelines or improved versions of them can be applied to situations where immobility or restricted mobility is an issue, such as in illness, pregnancy, travel, war, etc. It is crucial for educators and accrediting bodies to evolve as we navigate these unprecedented times.
MeSH term(s)	Accreditation/methods ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pharmacies ; Pharmacy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2515217-8
ISSN	1877-1300 ; 1877-1297
ISSN (online)	1877-1300
ISSN	1877-1297
DOI	10.1016/j.cptl.2022.03.013
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Article: Formulation Challenges and Strategies to Develop Pediatric Dosage Forms.

Malkawi, Wedad A / AlRafayah, Enas / AlHazabreh, Mohammad / AbuLaila, Salam / Al-Ghananeem, Abeer M

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 9, Issue 4

Abstract: The development of pediatric-specific dose forms is particularly difficult due to a variety of factors relating to pediatric population differences from adult populations. The buccal dosage form is considered a good alternative to oral dosage form if the ...

Abstract	The development of pediatric-specific dose forms is particularly difficult due to a variety of factors relating to pediatric population differences from adult populations. The buccal dosage form is considered a good alternative to oral dosage form if the latter cannot be used in pediatric patients. Both oral and buccal dosage formulations uphold great application qualities for pediatric patients. This review sheds light on both oral and buccal, as they are the most convenient dosage forms for pediatrics. The use of adult drugs to treat children is a legislation concern, as it may result in incorrect dose, safety, and efficacy. The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (BPCA) and the Pediatric Research Equity Act (PREA) are two key pieces of legislation that encourage and regulate pediatric medication research. Both contribute to a well-balanced approach to emphasizing critical safety and efficacy warnings for the of medications within pediatric populations. These contributions are what enable companies to continue making significant investments in pediatric drug developments. Despite the importance of investigating medicines for children, there is still a demand for pediatric-specific formulations and dosage forms. Many formulations and dosage forms can be designed, among which the buccal drug delivery seems a good modality for pediatric-friendly dosage forms. The main issues associated with these pediatric dosage forms development, particularly clinical and physiological factors, are discussed in this review. In addition, formulation developments and regulatory expectations are highlighted. In turn, suggestions are made to potentially improve future pediatric formulation development.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2732685-8
ISSN	2227-9067
ISSN	2227-9067
DOI	10.3390/children9040488
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Article ; Online: Response to Letter on A Call to Action to Transform Pharmacy Education and Practice in the Arab World.

Al-Ghananeem, Abeer M / Malcom, Daniel R / Shammas, Samira / Aburjai, Talal Aburjai

American journal of pharmaceutical education

2019 Volume 83, Issue 6, Page(s) 7731

MeSH term(s)	Arab World ; Education, Pharmacy
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	603807-4
ISSN	1553-6467 ; 0002-9459
ISSN (online)	1553-6467
ISSN	0002-9459
DOI	10.5688/ajpe7731
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Article ; Online: A Call to Action to Transform Pharmacy Education and Practice in the Arab World.

Al-Ghananeem, Abeer M / Malcom, Daniel R / Shammas, Samira / Aburjai, Talal

American journal of pharmaceutical education

2018 Volume 82, Issue 9, Page(s) 7014

Abstract: Globally, pharmacy education is evolving to reflect a more patient-centered, interprofessional approach to clinical practice. In the 22 countries of the Arab world, advancements in regulatory support for pharmacy practice and changes to the health care ... ...

Abstract	Globally, pharmacy education is evolving to reflect a more patient-centered, interprofessional approach to clinical practice. In the 22 countries of the Arab world, advancements in regulatory support for pharmacy practice and changes to the health care system have been slower than in Europe, Asia, and the Americas. Significant cultural, logistical, and legal barriers exist in many countries, and a consensus approach to accreditation, educational outcomes, and curricula design is lacking. This commentary briefly examines the current state of both pharmacy education and practice in the Arab world, and it highlights recent reports of curricular reform and innovation. Additionally, it provides potential strategies for improving the quality of education and for expanding pharmacy practice to ensure graduates and practitioners have adequate experiential opportunities and institutional support.
MeSH term(s)	Accreditation ; Arab World ; Curriculum/standards ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education, Pharmacy/standards ; Education, Pharmacy/trends ; Global Health/education ; Global Health/standards ; Humans ; Pharmacy Service, Hospital/standards ; Students, Pharmacy ; Teaching/standards
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	603807-4
ISSN	1553-6467 ; 0002-9459
ISSN (online)	1553-6467
ISSN	0002-9459
DOI	10.5688/ajpe7014
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Article ; Online: Sublingual spray drug delivery of ketorolac-loaded chitosan nanoparticles.

Baltzley, Sarah / Malkawi, Azzam A / Alsmadi, Motasem / Al-Ghananeem, Abeer M

Drug development and industrial pharmacy

2018 Volume 44, Issue 9, Page(s) 1467–1472

Abstract: Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate ketorolac (KT) systemic absolute bioavailability after sublingual (SL) administration in vivo to conscious rabbits. Furthermore, the study investigated the potential use of chitosan nanoparticles as ...

Abstract	Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate ketorolac (KT) systemic absolute bioavailability after sublingual (SL) administration in vivo to conscious rabbits. Furthermore, the study investigated the potential use of chitosan nanoparticles as a delivery system to enhance the systemic bioavailability of KT following SL administration. Methods: Ketorolac-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared through ionotropic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate anions. The KT-nanoparticles were administered SL as a spray to rabbits and KT plasma concentration at predetermined time points was compared to SL spray administration of KT in solution. The concentrations of KT in plasma were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (UPLC/MS). Results: KT-loaded chitosan nanoparticles significantly (p < .05) enhanced systemic absorption with 97% absolute bioavailability as compared to 70% after SL administration of KT solution. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that SL absorption of KT illustrated flip-flop kinetics with prolonged persistence in the body compared to intravenous administration. Formulation of KT as chitosan nanoparticles has increased its systemic bioavailability after SL spray administration. The new delivery system could be an attractive approach for the delivery of KT.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Sublingual ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Chitosan/chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; Ketorolac/administration & dosage ; Ketorolac/chemistry ; Male ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Rabbits
Chemical Substances	Chitosan (9012-76-4) ; Ketorolac (YZI5105V0L)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	751874-2
ISSN	1520-5762 ; 0363-9045
ISSN (online)	1520-5762
ISSN	0363-9045
DOI	10.1080/03639045.2018.1460378
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Article ; Online: Pharmacokinetics of lofexidine hydrochloride in healthy volunteers.

Al-Ghananeem, Abeer M

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences

2009 Volume 98, Issue 1, Page(s) 319–326

Abstract: The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical pharmacokinetic profile of lofexidine after oral delivery. A single dose, cross-over study and a multidose study using healthy volunteers were conducted for that purpose. In the single dose ... ...

Abstract	The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical pharmacokinetic profile of lofexidine after oral delivery. A single dose, cross-over study and a multidose study using healthy volunteers were conducted for that purpose. In the single dose study the average time to maximum concentration was observed at approximately 3 h for the single doses tested (1.2 mg dose and 2.0 mg). Area under the curve from time zero to infinity (AUC(0-infinity)) demonstrated a degree of dose proportionality with a 1.72-fold increase as the dose increased by a factor of 1.67. Elimination rates and terminal half-lives were comparable between dose levels. The average elimination rates for the 1.2 mg and the 2.0 mg doses were 0.063 and 0.065 h(-1), respectively. In the multidose study, the average maximum concentration observed after the first dose of 0.4 mg was 433 ng/L and ranged from 338 to 586 ng/L. This was slightly lower in proportion to the maximum concentration observed in the single dose study where C(max) was 1755 ng/L at the 1.2 mg dose (normalized to 585 ng/L for 0.4 mg dose) and for the 2.0 mg dose (normalized to 559 ng/L for 0.4 mg dose). The average time to maximum concentration (T(max)) was 3.33 h which is comparable to values observed in the single dose study. The pharmacokinetic data indicate that lofexidine has a consistent profile. Steady state seems to be reached after 2 days on lofexidine, which is consistent with the lofexidine elimination half-life of approximately 11 h. Evaluation of the T(max), elimination rate, and terminal half-life are consistent across all dose levels studied, suggesting that changing the dose does not affect the absorption or elimination rates of lofexidine HCl. Thus, although preliminary due to the limited number of subjects, these findings are the first to document lofexidine clinical pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy volunteers using a highly sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric analysis.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Clonidine/analogs & derivatives ; Clonidine/blood ; Clonidine/pharmacokinetics ; Cross-Over Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Pilot Projects ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Clonidine (MN3L5RMN02) ; lofexidine (UI82K0T627)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3151-3
ISSN	1520-6017 ; 0022-3549
ISSN (online)	1520-6017
ISSN	0022-3549
DOI	10.1002/jps.21401
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Article ; Online: Development of a Sustained Antiplaque and Antimicrobial Chewing Gum of a Decapeptide.

Al-Ghananeem, Abeer M / Leung, Kai P / Faraj, Jabar / DeLuca, Patrick P

AAPS PharmSciTech

2017 Volume 18, Issue 6, Page(s) 2240–2247

Abstract: The objective of this paper was to design a chewing gum formulation delivery system in situations where typical dental hygiene practice is not practical. Thus, an analog of decapeptide KSL (KSL-W), known to possess antimicrobial and antiplaque activity, ... ...

Abstract	The objective of this paper was to design a chewing gum formulation delivery system in situations where typical dental hygiene practice is not practical. Thus, an analog of decapeptide KSL (KSL-W), known to possess antimicrobial and antiplaque activity, was incorporated into a chewing gum formulation containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). The effect of the excipients, xylitol, and peppermint oil on active ingredients in vitro release was also assessed. Gum formulations were prepared with different excipient parameters, including heating xylitol and gum base at 65 or 85°C, using ground and unground xylitol, and the addition of 1.5, 3, and 7% peppermint oil, to determine the effect of these changes on the in vitro release of KSL-W and CPC using a chewing machine. The antimicrobial and antiplaque activities of solutions released from chewed gum formulation as well as prepared standard solutions with different concentrations were tested against placebo. The optimal temperature to avoid crystallization of xylitol during preparation was 65°C. Grinding xylitol to 104.5 μm improved release of active ingredients as compared to commercially unground xylitol. Peppermint oil had opposite effects on release of KSL-W and CPC. Peppermint oil at 1.5% was determined to be suitable (91 and 88% of KSL-W and CPC released, respectively, after 40 min). The gum formulation illustrated good sustained release of KSL-W and CPC with antibacterial and antiplaque activities after chewing. An effective antimicrobial and antiplaque chewing gum formulation was developed. This formulation has the potential to overcome oral hygiene issues in those unable to follow normal dental protocols.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1530-9932
ISSN (online)	1530-9932
DOI	10.1208/s12249-016-0706-9
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Article ; Online: Cultural Sensitivity and Global Pharmacy Engagement in the Arab World.

Alsharif, Naser Z / Khanfar, Nile M / Brennan, Lisa F / Chahine, Elias B / Al-Ghananeem, Abeer M / Retallick, Jillian / Schaalan, Mona / Sarhan, Neven

American journal of pharmaceutical education

2018 Volume 83, Issue 4, Page(s) 7228

Abstract: Objective. ...

Abstract	Objective.
MeSH term(s)	Arabs ; Cultural Competency ; Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration ; Education, Pharmacy/organization & administration ; Faculty, Pharmacy/organization & administration ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Middle East ; Schools, Pharmacy/organization & administration ; Students, Pharmacy ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	603807-4
ISSN	1553-6467 ; 0002-9459
ISSN (online)	1553-6467
ISSN	0002-9459
DOI	10.5688/ajpe7228
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Article ; Online: Intranasal drug delivery of olanzapine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles.

Baltzley, Sarah / Mohammad, Atiquzzaman / Malkawi, Ahmad H / Al-Ghananeem, Abeer M

AAPS PharmSciTech

2014 Volume 15, Issue 6, Page(s) 1598–1602

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate olanzapine (OZ) systemic absolute bioavailability after intranasal (i.n.) administration in vivo to conscious rabbits. Furthermore, the study investigated the potential use of chitosan nanoparticles as a delivery ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to investigate olanzapine (OZ) systemic absolute bioavailability after intranasal (i.n.) administration in vivo to conscious rabbits. Furthermore, the study investigated the potential use of chitosan nanoparticles as a delivery system to enhance the systemic bioavailability of olanzapine following intranasal administration. Olanzapine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared through ionotropic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate anions and studied in terms of their size, drug loading, and in vitro release. The OZ nanoparticles were administered i.n. to rabbits, and OZ plasma concentration at predetermined time points was compared to i.n. administration of OZ in solution. The concentrations of OZ in plasma were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (UPLC/MS). OZ-loaded chitosan nanoparticles significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced systemic absorption with 51 ± 11.2% absolute bioavailability as compared to 28 ± 6.7% after i.n. administration of OZ solution. The results of the present study suggest that intranasal administration of OZ-loaded chitosan nanoparticles formulation could be an attractive modality for delivery of OZ systemically.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Intranasal ; Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage ; Antipsychotic Agents/blood ; Antipsychotic Agents/chemistry ; Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Benzodiazepines/administration & dosage ; Benzodiazepines/blood ; Benzodiazepines/chemistry ; Benzodiazepines/pharmacokinetics ; Biological Availability ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chitosan ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Carriers ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Nanomedicine ; Nanoparticles ; Olanzapine ; Particle Size ; Rabbits ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods
Chemical Substances	Antipsychotic Agents ; Drug Carriers ; Benzodiazepines (12794-10-4) ; Chitosan (9012-76-4) ; Olanzapine (N7U69T4SZR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-08-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052070-0
ISSN	1530-9932 ; 1530-9932
ISSN (online)	1530-9932
ISSN	1530-9932
DOI	10.1208/s12249-014-0189-5
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Article ; Online: Advances in brain targeting and drug delivery of anti-HIV therapeutic agents.

Al-Ghananeem, Abeer M / Smith, Michael / Coronel, Maria L / Tran, Hieu

Expert opinion on drug delivery

2013 Volume 10, Issue 7, Page(s) 973–985

Abstract: Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a neurotropic virus that enters the central nervous system (CNS) early in the course of infection. Although antiretroviral drugs are able to eliminate the majority of the HIV virus in the bloodstream, ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a neurotropic virus that enters the central nervous system (CNS) early in the course of infection. Although antiretroviral drugs are able to eliminate the majority of the HIV virus in the bloodstream, however, no specific treatment currently exist for CNS infections related to HIV. This is mainly attributed to the poor penetrability of antiretroviral therapy across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and the protective nature of the BBB. Therefore, in order to increase the efficacy of anti-HIV drugs, novel drug delivery methodologies that can exhibit activity in the CNS are most needed and warranted. Areas covered: In this review article, the authors discussed the challenges with delivering drugs to the brain especially under HIV infection pathophysiology status. Also, they discussed the approaches currently being investigated to enhance brain targeting of anti-HIV drugs. A literature search was performed to cover advances in major approaches used to enhance drug delivery to the brain. Expert opinion: If drugs could reach the CNS in sufficient quantity by the methodologies discussed, mainly through intranasal administration and the utilization of nanotechnology, this could generate interest in previously abandoned therapeutic agents and enable an entirely novel approach to CNS drug delivery.
MeSH term(s)	AIDS Dementia Complex/drug therapy ; Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage ; Biological Transport ; Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; Humans ; Nanotechnology
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-03-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2167286-6
ISSN	1744-7593 ; 1742-5247
ISSN (online)	1744-7593
ISSN	1742-5247
DOI	10.1517/17425247.2013.781999
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