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Article: A silent, giant staghorn calculus managed with open surgery: a case report.

Thapa, Bineet / Bhomi, Krishna K / Shrestha, Rit / Lamichhane, Deepika / Rijal, Anjan / Subedi, Neeraj / Khadka, Mohan / Adhikari, Suman / Joshi, Bhola R

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)

2023 Volume 85, Issue 4, Page(s) 999–1002

Abstract: Staghorn calculus usually fills the pelvis of the kidney, the infundibulum, and most of the calyces. It is a rarity for staghorn stones to be asymptomatic; in addition to that, the calculus discussed in this case report was of a very large size and was ... ...

Abstract	Staghorn calculus usually fills the pelvis of the kidney, the infundibulum, and most of the calyces. It is a rarity for staghorn stones to be asymptomatic; in addition to that, the calculus discussed in this case report was of a very large size and was removed intact. Open pyelolithotomy, the procedure used, is one that comes with a wide range of complications but can be deemed effective in certain cases. In this scenario, it led to no impediments to normal physiology. Case presentation: Here the authors report the case of a 45-years-old Nepalese male who presented with a large yet asymptomatic staghorn calculus. It was managed with an open pyelolithotomy, and the patient had no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Discussion: Staghorn stones can be complete or partial and often naturally progress to renal impairment. Thus, an aggressive therapeutic approach is crucial, with careful evaluation of the site and size of the stone, the patient's preference, and the institutional capacity. Ideally, staghorn calculi are completely removed, and it is imperative that the functions of the affected kidney are preserved as far as possible and when applicable. Although percutaneous nephrolithotomy is recommended for the removal of staghorn stones, several clinical, technical, and socioeconomic factors contributed to the use of open pyelolithotomy in the management of the case discussed here. Conclusion: Open pyelolithotomy can prove highly effective in removing large stones intact and in a single setting, the importance of which was accentuated by its unique clinical presentation and pathological anomalies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2745440-X
ISSN	2049-0801
ISSN	2049-0801
DOI	10.1097/MS9.0000000000000294
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Retrospective Documentation of a Confirmed White-Lipped Green Pit Viper (Trimeresurus albolabris Gray, 1842) Bite in the South-Central Hills of Nepal.

Pandey, Deb P / Ghimire, Amod / Shrestha, Bhola R

Wilderness & environmental medicine

2019 Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 79–85

Abstract: This case report documents envenomation by an arboreal white-lipped green pit viper (Trimeresurus albolabris), a species found in South and Southeast Asia that causes the majority of venomous snakebites among Southeast Asian pit vipers. Clinical features ...

Abstract	This case report documents envenomation by an arboreal white-lipped green pit viper (Trimeresurus albolabris), a species found in South and Southeast Asia that causes the majority of venomous snakebites among Southeast Asian pit vipers. Clinical features vary from asymptomatic to serious coagulopathy that may progress into life-threatening or fatal hemorrhage. The proven life-threatening cases described in published literature, however, are sparse. Practically, no specific antivenom targeted to pit viper bites is available in Nepal. We report a case (managed with several non-evidence-based interventions) of noticeable coagulopathic envenomation due to confirmed T albolabris bite in Nepal. This is the first known reported case of such a bite in Nepal. This case highlights the urgent need to improve diagnosis, monitoring, and supportive care for bite victims and to study the effectiveness of Thai pit viper antivenoms for the treatment of T albolabris envenomations.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Nepal ; Retrospective Studies ; Snake Bites/pathology ; Snake Bites/therapy ; Viper Venoms/toxicity ; Viperidae/classification
Chemical Substances	Viper Venoms
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1238909-2
ISSN	1545-1534 ; 1080-6032
ISSN (online)	1545-1534
ISSN	1080-6032
DOI	10.1016/j.wem.2018.11.001
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Article: Trend of Head and Neck Cancers in a National Tertiary Cancer Hospital of Nepal from 2012 to 2017.

Shrestha, Gambhir / Siwakoti, Bhola / Mulmi, Rashmi / Gautam, Dejkumar

South Asian journal of cancer

2021 Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) 236–240

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Introduction
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-31
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2719571-5
ISSN	2278-4306 ; 2278-330X
ISSN (online)	2278-4306
ISSN	2278-330X
DOI	10.1055/s-0041-1731131
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Article ; Online: Community-based Screening of Oral Cancer in Selected Districts of Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Shrestha, Gambhir / Gautam, Dej Kumar / Siwakoti, Bhola / Pradhananga, Kishore Kumar / Mulmi, Rashmi

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP

2023 Volume 24, Issue 12, Page(s) 4111–4115

Abstract: Objective: Oral cancer screening plays a vital role in the prevention and control of oral cancer. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) in the Nepalese community.: Methods: A cross-sectional ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Oral cancer screening plays a vital role in the prevention and control of oral cancer. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) in the Nepalese community. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in six purposively selected districts in Nepal from May to December 2019. It utilized a camp-based approach, where a standardized questionnaire was administered through face-to-face interviews. Screening of oral cancer was performed by direct visualization and palpation. The study included adults aged 18 years and above, while those already diagnosed with oral cancer were excluded. Logistic regression was used to find out the association between OPMDs and the related variables. Results: A total of 1930 participants with a mean age of 44.3 years (SD=15.1) underwent oral cancer screening. Among them, 32% were current tobacco users, 2% were ex-users, and 11% were alcohol consumers. OPMDs, including suspected cancer, were identified in 139 (7.2%, 95% CI=6.1-8.4) participants. The most common lesion detected was leukoplakia (4.2%), followed by submucous fibrosis (1.5%), erythroplakia (0.9%), and palatal changes due to reverse smoking (0.1%). Additionally, 10 participants were suspected of having oral cancer. Older age group (AOR=7.00; 95% CI=2.76-17.77), male gender (AOR=2.52; 95% CI=1.58-4.02), tobacco chewers (AOR = 14.30; 95% CI=8.82-23.19), and smokers (AOR=4.67; 95% CI=2.88-7.57)) were identified as predictors of OPMDs. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of OPMDs in Nepal, highlighting the need for oral cancer screening. The findings emphasize the importance of developing strategies to reduce tobacco use and implementing tobacco cessation intervention programs in Nepal to alleviate the burden of oral cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Nepal/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Mouth Diseases ; Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis ; Precancerous Conditions/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01
Publishing country	Thailand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2218955-5
ISSN	2476-762X ; 1513-7368
ISSN (online)	2476-762X
ISSN	1513-7368
DOI	10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.12.4111
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Article: A season of snakebite envenomation: presentation patterns, timing of care, anti-venom use, and case fatality rates from a hospital of southcentral Nepal.

Pandey, Deb P / Vohra, Rais / Stalcup, Philip / Shrestha, Bhola R

Journal of venom research

2016 Volume 7, Page(s) 1–9

Abstract: Snakebite envenomation affects thousands of people annually in Nepal. Published hospital-based studies of snakebite treatment in Nepal are scarce. Here we present the results of the first prospective, cross-sectional study of hospitalized envenomed ... ...

Abstract	Snakebite envenomation affects thousands of people annually in Nepal. Published hospital-based studies of snakebite treatment in Nepal are scarce. Here we present the results of the first prospective, cross-sectional study of hospitalized envenomed snakebite cases in southcentral Nepal, a region characterized by poor pre-hospital care of snakebites, limited supply and excessive use of antivenom, and a high case/fatality ratio. We seek to identify clinical management problems and suggest potential interventions to improve treatment of snakebites. Out of the 342 patients presented with snakebites to an urban emergency department in the Terai region of Nepal between April and September of 2007, 39 patients were enrolled based on development of ptosis or swelling of bitten body parts. We collected patient demographic information and documented circumstances of snakebite, prehospital care, hospital care, and development of complications. Among 39 envenomated patients admitted to Bharatpur Hospital enrolled in the study 34 (92%) exhibited features of clinically significant neurotoxicity and were treated with antivenom. Antivenom use ranged from 4 to 98 vials of Polyspecific Indian Antivenom per patient. Each of victims (n=34) received antivenom an average of 4.3 (median) ±0.73 (standard error of mean) hours after receiving the snakebite. The overall case fatality rate was 21%. Neurotoxicity developed up to 25.8hr after suspected elapid snakebites. This was not observed for viperid snake bites. No enrolled patients received any of the currently recommended first aid for snake bite. The prevalence of nocturnal elapid snake bites, the practice of inappropriate first aid measures and highly variable administration of antivenom were identified as major challenges to appropriate care in this study. To address these issues we suggest development of a comprehensive checklist for identification of snake species, management of envenomation, and an educational program which teaches proper care at all stages of snakebite treatment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2044-0324
ISSN	2044-0324
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Article ; Online: Effective, polyvalent, affordable antivenom needed to treat snakebite in Nepal.

Shrestha, Bhola R / Pandey, Deb P / Acharya, Krishna P / Thapa-Magar, Chhabilal / Mohamed, Fahim / Isbister, Geoffrey K

Bulletin of the World Health Organization

2017 Volume 95, Issue 10, Page(s) 718–719

MeSH term(s)	Antivenins/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Nepal ; Snake Bites/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Antivenins
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80213-x
ISSN	1564-0604 ; 0042-9686 ; 0366-4996 ; 0510-8659
ISSN (online)	1564-0604
ISSN	0042-9686 ; 0366-4996 ; 0510-8659
DOI	10.2471/BLT.17.195453
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Article: Trend of Head and Neck Cancers in a National Tertiary Cancer Hospital of Nepal from 2012 to 2017

Shrestha, Gambhir / Siwakoti, Bhola / Mulmi, Rashmi / Gautam, Dejkumar

South Asian Journal of Cancer

2021 Volume 10, Issue 04, Page(s) 236–240

Abstract: Introduction: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are increasing in Nepal and have become a major public health issue. This study aims to describe the trend of HNCs in a national tertiary cancer hospital in Nepal.: Methods: This was a cross-sectional study ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are increasing in Nepal and have become a major public health issue. This study aims to describe the trend of HNCs in a national tertiary cancer hospital in Nepal. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with secondary data analysis conducted at B.P Koirala Memorial Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal. The data were obtained from the medical record section and included all new HNC cases registered from 2012 to 2017. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17. Subgroup analysis was done according to age, gender, site, and year. Results: A total of 4,582 new HNCs were registered, of which 3,097 (67.6%) were males and 1,482 (32.4%) were females. Lip and oral cavity cancers (46.5%) were the most common HNCs followed by tonsil and pharynx (18.0%) and larynx (15.8%). The trend of HNCs shows a steady rise in incidence with difference according to the sites. HNCs were more common among males than females except for thyroid cancer. The most common age group was 60 to 74 years. Conclusions: The trend of HNCs is increasing in Nepal especially oral cancers. Awareness of risk factors, effective screening programs, and comprehensive treatment should be focused to decrease the burden of HNCs.
Keywords	head and neck cancers ; trend ; Nepal
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01
Publisher	Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2719571-5
ISSN	2278-4306 ; 2278-330X ; 2278-4306
ISSN (online)	2278-4306
ISSN	2278-330X ; 2278-4306
DOI	10.1055/s-0041-1731131
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Journal ; Article ; Online: Effective, polyvalent, affordable antivenom needed to treat snakebite in Nepal

Shrestha, Bhola R / Pandey, Deb P / Acharya, Krishna P / Thapa-Magar, Chhabilal / Mohamed, Fahim / Isbister, Geoffrey K

2017

Abstract: ... 718 ... ...

Abstract	718 719
Keywords	Perspectives
Publishing date	2017-10-01
Publisher	World Health Organization
Document type	Journal ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Experiences of cervical cancer survivors in Chitwan, Nepal: A qualitative study.

Shrestha, Gambhir / Mulmi, Rashmi / Phuyal, Prabin / Thakur, Rahul Kumar / Siwakoti, Bhola

PloS one

2020 Volume 15, Issue 11, Page(s) e0234834

Abstract: Introduction: Cervical cancer is a global leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The majority of cervical cancer deaths occur in developing countries including Nepal. Though knowledge of cervical cancer is an important determinant of women's ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Cervical cancer is a global leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The majority of cervical cancer deaths occur in developing countries including Nepal. Though knowledge of cervical cancer is an important determinant of women's participation in prevention and screening for cervical cancer, little is known about this topic in Nepal. This study explores the experiences of cervical cancer survivors and assesses the attitude of family and community towards it and stigma related to this disease in Bharatpur, Nepal. Methods: The study design was qualitative methods involving two focus-group discussions. A total of 17 cervical cancer survivors, who have completed two years of cancer treatment were selected purposively from Chitwan. All qualitative data were transcribed and translated into English and were thematically analyzed. Results: The majority of the participants had scant knowledge about cervical cancer, its causative agent, showed less cervical cancer screening, delayed healthcare-seeking behavior despite having persistent symptoms before the diagnosis. The main reasons identified for not uptaking the cervical screening methods were an embarrassment and having no symptoms at all. Most of them endured social stigma related to cervical cancer in the form of physical isolation and verbal abuse. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for interventions to make women and the public aware of cervical cancer and launch effective health education campaigns, policies for cervical cancer prevention programs. This implementation can save the lives of hundreds of women and help them avoid going through all the negative experiences related to cervical cancer. More studies are required to gain the perspectives, knowledge, experiences, and attitudes of cervical cancer survivors to add to the research.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Cancer Survivors/psychology ; Cancer Survivors/statistics & numerical data ; Early Detection of Cancer/psychology ; Early Detection of Cancer/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Focus Groups/statistics & numerical data ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Promotion/methods ; Humans ; Mass Screening/psychology ; Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Nepal ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; Qualitative Research ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data ; Social Stigma ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0234834
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Cancer Registration in Nepal: Current Status and Way Forward.

Shrestha, Gambhir / Pradhananga, Kishore Kumar / Mulmi, Rashmi / Subedi, Krishna Prasad / Siwakoti, Bhola

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association

2019 Volume 57, Issue 216, Page(s) 144–148

Abstract: Cancer registration is an organization for the systematic collection, storage, analysis, interpretation and reporting of data on subjects with cancer. Cancer Registry was initiated in 1995 and expanded as National Cancer Registry Program since 2003 by B ... ...

Abstract	Cancer registration is an organization for the systematic collection, storage, analysis, interpretation and reporting of data on subjects with cancer. Cancer Registry was initiated in 1995 and expanded as National Cancer Registry Program since 2003 by B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital with the support of World Health Organization. National cancer registry program currently includes 12 hospital-based registries. First time in Nepal, B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital piloted population-based cancer registry in 2013, which included 15 districts covering 25.8% of total population of Nepal. National cancer registry program is important to assure the quality of data from all the registries to ensure the availability of reliable and valid data of cancer cases. This will further help policymakers to develop preventive and control strategies against cancer. This paper reviews the current status of cancer registries in Nepal and discusses challenges and future perspectives related to national cancer registry program. National cancer registry should further include major hospitals in Nepal to give scientific information on cancer trends by community, provinces and regions and to analyze on survival of cancer cases. Keywords: cancer; national cancer registry program; Nepal.
MeSH term(s)	Data Accuracy ; Hospitals/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Nepal/epidemiology ; Registries/statistics & numerical data
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-08
Publishing country	Nepal
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2209910-4
ISSN	1815-672X ; 0028-2715
ISSN (online)	1815-672X
ISSN	0028-2715
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