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Article ; Online: The impact of surveillance and other factors on detection of emergent and circulating vaccine derived polioviruses.

Auzenbergs, Megan / Fountain, Holly / Macklin, Grace / Lyons, Hil / O'Reilly, Kathleen M

Gates open research

2023 Volume 5, Page(s) 94

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2572-4754
ISSN (online)	2572-4754
DOI	10.12688/gatesopenres.13272.3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Understanding commitment to polio vaccination.

O'Reilly, Kathleen M

The Lancet. Infectious diseases

2017 Volume 17, Issue 11, Page(s) 1103–1104

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Poliomyelitis ; Poliovirus Vaccines ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	Poliovirus Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2061641-7
ISSN	1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
ISSN (online)	1474-4457
ISSN	1473-3099
DOI	10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30473-5
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Article ; Online: The impact of surveillance and other factors on detection of emergent and circulating vaccine derived polioviruses [version 3; peer review

Megan Auzenbergs / Grace Macklin / Holly Fountain / Kathleen M O'Reilly / Hil Lyons

Gates Open Research, Vol

2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]

2023 Volume 5

Abstract: Background: Circulating vaccine derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks remain a threat to polio eradication. To reduce cases of polio from cVDPV of serotype 2, the serotype 2 component of the vaccine has been removed from the global vaccine supply, but ... ...

Abstract	Background: Circulating vaccine derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks remain a threat to polio eradication. To reduce cases of polio from cVDPV of serotype 2, the serotype 2 component of the vaccine has been removed from the global vaccine supply, but outbreaks of cVDPV2 have continued. The objective of this work is to understand the factors associated with later detection in order to improve detection of these unwanted events. Methods: The number of nucleotide differences between each cVDPV outbreak and the oral polio vaccine (OPV) strain was used to approximate the time from emergence to detection. Only independent emergences were included in the analysis. Variables such as serotype, surveillance quality, and World Health Organization (WHO) region were tested in a negative binomial regression model to ascertain whether these variables were associated with higher nucleotide differences upon detection. Results: In total, 74 outbreaks were analysed from 24 countries between 2004-2019. For serotype 1 (n=10), the median time from seeding until outbreak detection was 572 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 279-2016), for serotype 2 (n=59), 276 (95% UI 172-765) days, and for serotype 3 (n=5), 472 (95% UI 392-603) days. Significant improvement in the time to detection was found with increasing surveillance of non-polio acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and adequate stool collection. Conclusions: cVDPVs remain a risk; all WHO regions have reported at least one VDPV outbreak since the first outbreak in 2000 and outbreak response campaigns using monovalent OPV type 2 risk seeding future outbreaks. Maintaining surveillance for poliomyelitis after local elimination is essential to quickly respond to both emergence of VDPVs and potential importations as low-quality AFP surveillance causes outbreaks to continue undetected. Considerable variation in the time between emergence and detection of VDPVs were apparent, and other than surveillance quality and inclusion of environmental surveillance, the reasons for this remain unclear.
Keywords	polio ; vaccination ; eradication ; cVDPVs ; OPV ; eng ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	F1000 Research Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: High pretreatment disease burden as a risk factor for infectious complications following CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for large B-cell lymphoma.

O'Reilly, Maeve A / Neill, Lorna / Collin, Simon M / Stone, Neil / Springell, Deborah / Mensah, Jeremy / Cheok, Kathleen P L / Jalowiec, Katarzyna / Benjamin, Reuben / Kuhnl, Andrea / Roddie, Claire / Sanderson, Robin

HemaSphere

2024 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) e29

Abstract: Infection has emerged as the chief cause of non-relapse mortality (NRM) post CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) therapy. Even though up to 50% of patients may remain infection-free, many suffer multiple severe, life- ... ...

Abstract	Infection has emerged as the chief cause of non-relapse mortality (NRM) post CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) therapy. Even though up to 50% of patients may remain infection-free, many suffer multiple severe, life-threatening, or fatal infectious events. The primary aim of this study was to explore severe and life-threatening infections post licensed CAR-T therapy in large B-cell lymphoma, with a focus on the role of disease burden and disease sites in assessing individual risk. We sought to understand the cohort of patients who experience ≥2 infections and those at the highest risk of infectious NRM. Our analysis identifies a higher disease burden after bridging therapy as associated with infection events. Those developing ≥2 infections emerged as a uniquely high-risk cohort, particularly if the second (or beyond) infection occurred during an episode of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) or while on steroids and/or anakinra for ICANS. Herein, we also describe the first reported cases of "CAR-T cold sepsis," a phenomenon characterized by the lack of an appreciable systemic inflammatory response at the time of detection of infection. We propose a risk-based strategy to encourage heightened clinician awareness of cold sepsis, with a view to reducing NRM.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2572-9241
ISSN (online)	2572-9241
DOI	10.1002/hem3.29
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Article ; Online: The challenges of informative wastewater sampling for SARS-CoV-2 must be met: lessons from polio eradication.

O'Reilly, Kathleen M / Allen, David J / Fine, Paul / Asghar, Humayun

The Lancet. Microbe

2020 Volume 1, Issue 5, Page(s) e189–e190

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Disease Eradication ; Humans ; Poliomyelitis/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Waste Water
Chemical Substances	Waste Water
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-5247
ISSN (online)	2666-5247
DOI	10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30100-2
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Article ; Online: Mucormycosis after CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: results of a US Food and Drug Administration adverse events reporting system analysis and a review of the literature.

Cheok, Kathleen P L / Farrow, Adrian / Springell, Deborah / O'Reilly, Maeve / Morley, Simon / Stone, Neil / Roddie, Claire

The Lancet. Infectious diseases

2024 Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) e256–e265

Abstract: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy leads to durable remissions in relapsed B-cell cancers, but treatment-associated immunocompromise leads to a substantial morbidity and mortality risk from atypical infection. Mucormycosis is an aggressive ... ...

Abstract	Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy leads to durable remissions in relapsed B-cell cancers, but treatment-associated immunocompromise leads to a substantial morbidity and mortality risk from atypical infection. Mucormycosis is an aggressive and invasive fungal infection with a mortality risk of 40-80% in patients with haematological malignancies. In this Grand Round, we report a case of mucormycosis in a 54-year-old patient undergoing CAR T-cell therapy who reached complete clinical control of Mucorales with combined aggressive surgical debridement, antifungal pharmacotherapy, and reversal of underlying risk factors, but with substantial morbidity from extensive oro-facial surgery affecting the patient's speech and swallowing. For broader context, we present our case alongside an US Food and Drugs Administration adverse events reporting database analysis and a review of the literature to fully evaluate the clinical burden of mucormycosis in patients treated with CAR T-cell therapy. We discuss epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic tools, and current frameworks for treatment and prophylaxis. We did this analysis to promote increased vigilance for mucormycosis among physicians specialising in CAR T-cell therapy and microbiologists and to illustrate the importance of early initiation of therapy to effectively manage this condition. Mucormycosis prevention and early diagnosis, through targeted surveillance and mould prevention in patients at highest risk and Mucorales-specific screening assays, is likely to be key to improving outcomes in patients treated with CAR T-cell therapy.
MeSH term(s)	United States ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/therapeutic use ; Mucormycosis/etiology ; Mucormycosis/therapy ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/etiology ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Chimeric Antigen ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2061641-7
ISSN	1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
ISSN (online)	1474-4457
ISSN	1473-3099
DOI	10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00563-7
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 5743: Show issues

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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: The impact of surveillance and other factors on detection of emergent and circulating vaccine derived polioviruses [version 2; peer review

Megan Auzenbergs / Grace Macklin / Holly Fountain / Kathleen M O'Reilly / Hil Lyons

Gates Open Research, Vol

2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]

2022 Volume 5

Abstract	Background: Circulating vaccine derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks remain a threat to polio eradication. To reduce cases of polio from cVDPV of serotype 2, the serotype 2 component of the vaccine has been removed from the global vaccine supply, but outbreaks of cVDPV2 have continued. The objective of this work is to understand the factors associated with later detection in order to improve detection of these unwanted events. Methods: The number of nucleotide differences between each cVDPV outbreak and the oral polio vaccine (OPV) strain was used to approximate the time from emergence to detection. Only independent emergences were included in the analysis. Variables such as serotype, surveillance quality, and World Health Organization (WHO) region were tested in a negative binomial regression model to ascertain whether these variables were associated with higher nucleotide differences upon detection. Results: In total, 74 outbreaks were analysed from 24 countries between 2004-2019. For serotype 1 (n=10), the median time from seeding until outbreak detection was 284 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 284-2008) days, for serotype 2 (n=59), 276 (95% UI 172-765) days, and for serotype 3 (n=5), 472 (95% UI 392-603) days. Significant improvement in the time to detection was found with increasing surveillance of non-polio acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and adequate stool collection. Conclusions: cVDPVs remain a risk; all WHO regions have reported at least one VDPV outbreak since the first outbreak in 2000 and outbreak response campaigns using monovalent OPV type 2 risk seeding future outbreaks. Maintaining surveillance for poliomyelitis after local elimination is essential to quickly respond to both emergence of VDPVs and potential importations as low-quality AFP surveillance causes outbreaks to continue undetected. Considerable variation in the time between emergence and detection of VDPVs were apparent, and other than surveillance quality and inclusion of environmental surveillance, the reasons for this remain unclear.
Keywords	polio ; vaccination ; eradication ; cVDPVs ; OPV ; eng ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	F1000 Research Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Defining a research agenda for environmental wastewater surveillance of pathogens.

Shaw, Alexander G / Troman, Catherine / Akello, Joyce Odeke / O'Reilly, Kathleen M / Gauld, Jillian / Grow, Stephanie / Grassly, Nicholas / Steele, Duncan / Blazes, David / Kumar, Supriya

Nature medicine

2023 Volume 29, Issue 9, Page(s) 2155–2157

MeSH term(s)	Wastewater ; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring ; Sewage ; Environmental Monitoring
Chemical Substances	Wastewater ; Sewage
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1220066-9
ISSN	1546-170X ; 1078-8956
ISSN (online)	1546-170X
ISSN	1078-8956
DOI	10.1038/s41591-023-02457-7
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 4212: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 39: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Epidemiology of type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks between 2016 and 2020.

Macklin, Grace R / Goel, Ajay K / Mach, Ondrej / Tallis, Graham / Ahmed, Jamal A / O'Reilly, Kathleen M / Grassly, Nicholas C / Diop, Ousmane M

Vaccine

2022 Volume 41 Suppl 1, Page(s) A19–A24

Abstract: The number and geographic breadth of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks detected after the withdrawal of type 2 containing oral polio vaccine (April 2016) have exceeded forecasts.Using Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) ... ...

Abstract	The number and geographic breadth of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks detected after the withdrawal of type 2 containing oral polio vaccine (April 2016) have exceeded forecasts.Using Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) investigations and environmental surveillance (ES) data from the Global Polio Laboratory Network, we summarize the epidemiology of cVDPV2 outbreaks. Between 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2020, a total of 68 unique cVDPV2 genetic emergences were detected across 34 countries. The cVDPV2 outbreaks have been associated with 1596 acute flaccid paralysis cases across four World Health Organization regions: 962/1596 (60.3%) cases occurred in African Region; 619/1596 (38.8%) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region; 14/1596 (0.9%) in Western-Pacific Region; and 1/1596 (0.1%) in the European Region. As the majority of the cVDPV2 outbreaks have been seeded through monovalent type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (mOPV2) use in outbreak responses, the introduction of the more stable novel oral poliovirus vaccine will be instrumental in stopping emergence of new cVDPV2 lineages.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Poliovirus/genetics ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/adverse effects ; Poliomyelitis/epidemiology ; Poliomyelitis/prevention & control ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Global Health
Chemical Substances	Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.008
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Zs.A 1930: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article: Feather corticosterone reveals developmental challenges in a long‐term study of juvenile northern spotted owls

Mikkelsen, Ashlee J. / Lesmeister, Damon B. / O’Reilly, Kathleen M. / Dugger, Katie M.

Functional ecology. 2022 Jan., v. 36, no. 1

2022

Abstract: Corticosterone is a steroid hormone integral to a variety of physiological pathways and is strongly associated with the vertebrate stress response. In avian species, circulating corticosterone is sequestered into developing feathers and is used as an ... ...

Abstract	Corticosterone is a steroid hormone integral to a variety of physiological pathways and is strongly associated with the vertebrate stress response. In avian species, circulating corticosterone is sequestered into developing feathers and is used as an indicator of energy allocation during feather growth and widely applied in conservation physiology. The northern spotted owl Strix occidentalis caurina is a federally threatened old‐growth forest obligate of conservation concern endemic to the Pacific Northwest of the United States and Canada. The effects of landscape characteristics and individual variation on early development in spotted owls remain unstudied despite long recognition of this knowledge gap and its potential importance to species conservation. We quantified corticosterone concentrations in 4,720 feathers from 1,056 juvenile spotted owls across seven study areas between 2001 and 2017. We used an information‐theoretic approach to examine the environmental and individual factors related to feather corticosterone in juvenile spotted owls as an indicator of challenges during early development. Feather corticosterone was positively related to temperature and precipitation, and negatively related to juvenile mass at banding. We found strong support for an interaction between mass and precipitation, with greater amounts of precipitation being associated with higher levels of feather corticosterone in lighter juveniles. The temperature and precipitation metric with the strongest relationship with feather corticosterone occurred during the fledging period, suggesting that this period presents an energetic challenge for juvenile spotted owls. Greater juvenile mass decreased the effect of precipitation, suggesting that greater mass was important for juveniles to maintain homeostasis during fledgling. Feather corticosterone in juvenile spotted owls provided insights to the challenges faced during early development, adding to our understanding of spotted owl life history and potential for population recovery. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Keywords	Strix occidentalis ; corticosterone ; early development ; ecology ; energy ; fledglings ; homeostasis ; juveniles ; landscapes ; life history ; old-growth forests ; steroid hormones ; stress response ; temperature ; Canada
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Size	p. 51-63.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2020307-X
ISSN	1365-2435 ; 0269-8463
ISSN (online)	1365-2435
ISSN	0269-8463
DOI	10.1111/1365-2435.13944
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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