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Article ; Online: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Spanish Provinces.

Barceló, Maria A / Saez, Marc

Journal of epidemiology and global health

2023 Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 453–475

Abstract: Background: Although many studies have assessed the socioeconomic inequalities caused by COVID-19 in several health outcomes, there are numerous issues that have been poorly addressed. For instance, have socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from ... ...

Abstract	Background: Although many studies have assessed the socioeconomic inequalities caused by COVID-19 in several health outcomes, there are numerous issues that have been poorly addressed. For instance, have socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from COVID-19 increased? What impact has the pandemic had on inequalities in specific causes of mortality other than COVID-19? Are the inequalities in COVID-19 mortality different from other causes? In this paper we have attempted to answer these questions for the case of Spain. Methods: We used a mixed longitudinal ecological design in which we observed mortality from 2005 to 2020 in the 54 provinces into which Spain is divided. We considered mortality from all causes, not excluding, and excluding mortality from COVID-19; and cause-specific mortality. We were interested in analysing the trend of the outcome variables according to inequality, controlling for both observed and unobserved confounders. Results: Our main finding was that the increased risk of dying in 2020 was greater in the Spanish provinces with greater inequality. In addition, we have found that: (i) the pandemic has exacerbated socioeconomic inequalities in mortality, (ii) COVID-19 has led to gender differences in the variations in risk of dying (higher in the case of women) and (iii) only in cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimer did the increased risk of dying differ between the most and least unequal provinces. The increase in the risk of dying was different by gender (greater in women) for cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Conclusion: Our results can be used to help health authorities know where and in which population groups future pandemics will have the greatest impact and, therefore, be able to take appropriate measures to prevent such effects.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Male ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Spain/epidemiology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Mortality
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2645324-1
ISSN	2210-6014 ; 2210-6014
ISSN (online)	2210-6014
ISSN	2210-6014
DOI	10.1007/s44197-023-00125-0
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Article ; Online: Housing Supply and How It Is Related to Social Inequalities-Air Pollution, Green Spaces, Crime Levels, and Poor Areas-In Catalonia.

Perafita, Xavier / Saez, Marc

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 8

Abstract: We carried out a search of over 12,000 houses offered on the rental market in Catalonia and assessed the possibility of families below the poverty threshold being able to rent these homes. In this regard, we wanted to evaluate whether the economic ... ...

Abstract	We carried out a search of over 12,000 houses offered on the rental market in Catalonia and assessed the possibility of families below the poverty threshold being able to rent these homes. In this regard, we wanted to evaluate whether the economic situation of families is able to influence their social environment, surroundings, and safety. We observed how their economic situation can allow families the possibility of developing a life without exposure to health risks, and how economic constraints result in disadvantages in several areas of life. The results show how families at risk of poverty live in less favourable conditions and experience a widening of different gaps, with current prices leading to a possible poverty trap for the most disadvantaged groups. The higher the percentage of the population below the threshold, the lower the possibility of not being able to rent a house compared to areas with a lower prevalence of population below the threshold. This association was observed both when considering the risk linearly and non-linearly. Linearly, the probability of not renting a house was reduced by 8.36% for each 1% increase in the prevalence of population at risk of extreme poverty. In the second, third and fourth percentage quartiles, the probability of not being able to rent a house decreased by 21.13%, 48.61%, and 57.79%, respectively. In addition, the effect was different inside and outside of metropolitan areas, with the former showing a decrease of 19.05% in the probability of renting a house, whereas outside metropolitan areas the probability increased by 5.70%.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Housing ; Parks, Recreational ; Spain ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Air Pollution ; Crime
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20085578
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Article ; Online: Contaminants of emerging concern in the urban aquifers of Barcelona: Do they hamper the use of groundwater?

Nikolenko, Olha / Pujades, Estanislao / Teixidó, Marc / Sáez, Carmen / Jurado, Anna

Chemosphere

2023 Volume 341, Page(s) 140023

Abstract: Urban aquifers are an alternative to obtain freshwater, but they are frequently polluted by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Therefore, there is a need to ascertain whether CECs are a water management challenge as they might limit the use of ... ...

Abstract	Urban aquifers are an alternative to obtain freshwater, but they are frequently polluted by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Therefore, there is a need to ascertain whether CECs are a water management challenge as they might limit the use of groundwater as safe drinking water even at ng L
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; Drinking Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Groundwater ; Water Resources ; Valsartan ; Environmental Monitoring
Chemical Substances	Drinking Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Valsartan (80M03YXJ7I)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140023
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Article ; Online: Clustering of Small Territories Based on Axes of Inequality.

Perafita, Xavier / Saez, Marc

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 6

Abstract: Background: In the present paper, we conduct a study before creating an e-cohort for the design of the sample. This e-cohort had to enable the effective representation of the province of Girona to facilitate its study according to the axes of inequality. ...

Abstract	Background: In the present paper, we conduct a study before creating an e-cohort for the design of the sample. This e-cohort had to enable the effective representation of the province of Girona to facilitate its study according to the axes of inequality. Methods: The territory under study is divided by municipalities, considering these different axes. The study consists of a comparison of 14 clustering algorithms, together with 3 data sets of municipal information to detect the grouping that was the most consistent. Prior to carrying out the clustering, a variable selection process was performed to discard those that were not useful. The comparison was carried out following two axes: results and graphical representation. Results: The intra-cluster results were also analyzed to observe the coherence of the grouping. Finally, we study the probability of belonging to a cluster, such as the one containing the county capital. Conclusions: This clustering can be the basis for working with a sample that is significant and representative of the territory.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Cluster Analysis ; Humans ; Probability
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19063359
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Article ; Online: Components of event-related potentials and borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis.

Salas, Fabiola / Nvo-Fernández, Marcelo / Leiva-Bianchi, Marcelo / Sáez, Daniela Avello / Páeza, Geraldy Sepúlveda / García, Marc Via / Villacura-Herrera, Cesar

European journal of psychotraumatology

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 2297641

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Male ; Borderline Personality Disorder/diagnosis ; Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Impulsive Behavior ; Biomarkers
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2586642-4
ISSN	2000-8066 ; 2000-8066
ISSN (online)	2000-8066
ISSN	2000-8066
DOI	10.1080/20008066.2023.2297641
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Article: Spatial prediction of air pollution levels using a hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal model in Catalonia, Spain

Saez, Marc / Barceló, Maria A.

Environmental modelling & software. 2022 May, v. 151

2022

Abstract: Our objective in this work was to present a hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal model that allowed us to make spatial predictions of air pollution levels effectively and with very few computational costs. We specified a hierarchical spatiotemporal model ...

Abstract	Our objective in this work was to present a hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal model that allowed us to make spatial predictions of air pollution levels effectively and with very few computational costs. We specified a hierarchical spatiotemporal model using the Stochastic Partial Differential Equations of the integrated nested Laplace approximations approximation. This approach allowed us to spatially predict in the territory of Catalonia (Spain) the levels of the four pollutants for which there is the most evidence of an adverse health effect. Our model allowed us to make fairly accurate spatial predictions of both long-term and short-term exposure to air pollutants with a relatively low density of monitoring stations and at a much lower computation time. The only requirements of our method are the minimum number of stations distributed throughout the territory where the predictions are to be made, and that the spatial and temporal dimensions are either independent or separable.
Keywords	Bayesian theory ; acute exposure ; adverse effects ; air pollution ; computer software ; prediction ; Spain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-05
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	1364-8152
DOI	10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105369
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Clustering of Small Territories Based on Axes of Inequality

Xavier Perafita / Marc Saez

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 3359, p

2022 Volume 3359

Abstract	Background: In the present paper, we conduct a study before creating an e-cohort for the design of the sample. This e-cohort had to enable the effective representation of the province of Girona to facilitate its study according to the axes of inequality. Methods: The territory under study is divided by municipalities, considering these different axes. The study consists of a comparison of 14 clustering algorithms, together with 3 data sets of municipal information to detect the grouping that was the most consistent. Prior to carrying out the clustering, a variable selection process was performed to discard those that were not useful. The comparison was carried out following two axes: results and graphical representation. Results: The intra-cluster results were also analyzed to observe the coherence of the grouping. Finally, we study the probability of belonging to a cluster, such as the one containing the county capital. Conclusions: This clustering can be the basis for working with a sample that is significant and representative of the territory.
Keywords	big data ; clustering ; hierarchical k-means ; e-cohort ; classifiers ; machine learning ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Poor sleep is associated with deficits of attention in COPD patients.

Sampol, Júlia / Ferrer, Jaume / Miravitlles, Marc / Sáez, María / Romero, Odile / Sampol, Gabriel

Sleep medicine

2023 Volume 112, Page(s) 165–172

Abstract: Background: Poor sleep and attention deficits are common in COPD.: Objectives: To assess the relationship between self-reported poor sleep and attention deficits in COPD. We also studied the association between self-reported sleep and the attention ... ...

Abstract	Background: Poor sleep and attention deficits are common in COPD. Objectives: To assess the relationship between self-reported poor sleep and attention deficits in COPD. We also studied the association between self-reported sleep and the attention tests with the objective characteristics of sleep. Methods: Fifty-nine COPD patients were prospectively studied. Self-reported sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Objective characteristics of sleep were assessed by actigraphy and polysomnography. Attention was evaluated with the Oxford sleep resistance test (OSLER) and the Psychomotor vigilance test (PVT). Results: 28 (47 %) patients referred poor sleep (PSQI >5). In the OSLER test they showed earlier sleep onset than patients with good sleep, median (Interquartil range): 31.2 min (25.4-40) vs 40 min (28.5-40), p: 0.048. They also spent more time making errors: 4.5 % (0.6-7.6) of total test time vs 0.7 % (0.2-5.3), p: 0.048. In PVT, patients with poor sleep presented a greater dispersion of the reaction time values with a higher value in the slowest 10 % of the reactions, 828 (609-1667) msec. vs 708 (601-993) msec, p: 0.028. No association was found between self-reported poor sleep and objective sleep variables. We found no correlation between OSLER and PVT results and polysomnographic variables except between sleep efficiency and PVT response speed (β: 0.309, p: 0.018). Conclusion: Self-reported poor sleep in COPD is associated with attention deficits. Sleep quality should be included in future studies of this facet of cognition in COPD, as well as to assess its potential usefulness as a therapeutic target.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Wakefulness ; Sleep ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-15
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2012041-2
ISSN	1878-5506 ; 1389-9457
ISSN (online)	1878-5506
ISSN	1389-9457
DOI	10.1016/j.sleep.2023.10.008
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Article ; Online: Poor sleep quality, COPD severity and survival according to CASIS and Pittsburgh questionnaires.

Sampol, Júlia / Miravitlles, Marc / Sáez, María / Pallero, Mercedes / Sampol, Gabriel / Ferrer, Jaume

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 18656

Abstract: Poor sleep quality is frequent among COPD patients and it has been related to worse outcomes. The objective of this study was to compare the COPD and Asthma Sleep Impact Scale (CASIS) and the generic Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires ... ...

Abstract	Poor sleep quality is frequent among COPD patients and it has been related to worse outcomes. The objective of this study was to compare the COPD and Asthma Sleep Impact Scale (CASIS) and the generic Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires as reliable tools for evaluating sleep quality and its relationship with COPD characteristics and survival. Stable COPD patients were prospectively evaluated. Anthropometric, sociodemographic, comorbidity, lung function and treatment data were collected. All patients completed CASIS and PSQI, mMRC dyspnea severity scale, COPD Assessment Test (CAT), sleep apnoea STOP-Bang and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaires. Body mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exacerbations (BODEx) index was calculated. Life status was determined after a mean follow-up of 3.7 (SD 1) years. We included 200 patients, 69.5% male, mean age 65.8 (9) years. Poor sleep was detected in 100 (50%) and 84 patients (42%) according to PSQI and CASIS questionnaires, respectively, with an agreement of 63%. Poor sleep was related to female gender, more severe dyspnea and worse BODEx, HADS and CAT scores according to both questionnaires. PSQI was associated to chronic pain or inferior urinary tract symptoms and CASIS to exacerbations, shorter walked distance in the 6-min walking test and treatment with oral corticosteroids or chronic oxygen. Thirty nine (19.5%) patients died during follow-up. Mortality was not associated to PSQI nor CASIS results. Unlike PSQI, CASIS is more related to COPD severity and its results are not influenced by comorbidities with known impact on sleep quality. In our sample, poor sleep quality was not associated with increased mortality.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications ; Sleep Quality ; Quality of Life ; Sleep ; Dyspnea ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sleep Wake Disorders
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-45717-9
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Article: Methodological limitations in studies assessing the effects of environmental and socioeconomic variables on the spread of COVID-19: a systematic review.

Barceló, Maria A / Saez, Marc

Environmental sciences Europe

2021 Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 108

Abstract: Background: While numerous studies have assessed the effects of environmental (meteorological variables and air pollutants) and socioeconomic variables on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, many of them, however, have significant methodological ... ...

Abstract	Background: While numerous studies have assessed the effects of environmental (meteorological variables and air pollutants) and socioeconomic variables on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, many of them, however, have significant methodological limitations and errors that could call their results into question. Our main objective in this paper is to assess the methodological limitations in studies that evaluated the effects of environmental and socioeconomic variables on the spread of COVID-19. Main body: We carried out a systematic review by conducting searches in the online databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus up to December 31, 2020. We first excluded those studies that did not deal with SAR-CoV-2 or COVID-19, preprints, comments, opinion or purely narrative papers, reviews and systematic literature reviews. Among the eligible full-text articles, we then excluded articles that were purely descriptive and those that did not include any type of regression model. We evaluated the risk of bias in six domains: confounding bias, control for population, control of spatial and/or temporal dependence, control of non-linearities, measurement errors and statistical model. Of the 5631 abstracts initially identified, we were left with 132 studies on which to carry out the qualitative synthesis. Of the 132 eligible studies, we evaluated 63.64% of the studies as high risk of bias, 19.70% as moderate risk of bias and 16.67% as low risk of bias. Conclusions: All the studies we have reviewed, to a greater or lesser extent, have methodological limitations. These limitations prevent conclusions being drawn concerning the effects environmental (meteorological and air pollutants) and socioeconomic variables have had on COVID-19 outcomes. However, we dare to argue that the effects of these variables, if they exist, would be indirect, based on their relationship with social contact. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12302-021-00550-7.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-10
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2593962-2
ISSN	2190-4715 ; 2190-4707
ISSN (online)	2190-4715
ISSN	2190-4707
DOI	10.1186/s12302-021-00550-7
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