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Article ; Online: Comparing Two Methods of Reducing Hospital Toilet Aerosols.

Eisenberg, Seth / Cai, Changjie

2023 Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 191–197

Abstract: Background: When flushed, uncovered hospital toilets have been shown to generate aerosols potentially containing bacteria, viruses, and hazardous drugs, which can be inhaled by healthcare workers and contaminate surfaces. Guidelines recommend placing a ... ...

Abstract	Background: When flushed, uncovered hospital toilets have been shown to generate aerosols potentially containing bacteria, viruses, and hazardous drugs, which can be inhaled by healthcare workers and contaminate surfaces. Guidelines recommend placing a plastic-backed absorbent pad (PBP) over the toilet, although no studies have evaluated the effectiveness of this intervention. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using a PBP versus the Splashblocker®, a solid, reusable engineering barrier control, to reduce post-flush aerosol particles. Methods: Aerosol measurements were taken with an optical particle counter in a bathroom testing chamber equipped with a commercial hospital toilet and flushometer valve. Three tests were performed at a height of 16 inches above the floor and 40 inches above the floor. Findings: Both the PBP and the Splashblocker significantly reduced the number of post-flush particles by more than 99% at 16 inches above the floor and 40 inches above the floor. The results indicate that both interventions are equally beneficial in reducing aerosols after flushing a hospital toilet.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Bathroom Equipment ; Toilet Facilities ; Aerosols ; Health Personnel ; Hospitals
Chemical Substances	Aerosols
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2014665-6
ISSN	1538-067X ; 1092-1095
ISSN (online)	1538-067X
ISSN	1092-1095
DOI	10.1188/23.CJON.191-197
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Article: Evaluation of a Portable Aerosol Collector and Spectrometer to measure particle concentration by composition and size.

Cai, Changjie / Stebounova, Larissa V / Peate, David W / Peters, Thomas M

Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research

2023 Volume 53, Issue 6, Page(s) 675–687

Abstract: We evaluated a newly developed Portable Aerosol Collector and Spectrometer (PACS) in the laboratory. We developed an algorithm to estimate mass concentration by size and composition with a PACS. In laboratory experiments, we compared particle size ... ...

Abstract	We evaluated a newly developed Portable Aerosol Collector and Spectrometer (PACS) in the laboratory. We developed an algorithm to estimate mass concentration by size and composition with a PACS. In laboratory experiments, we compared particle size distributions measured with the PACS to research instruments for multi-modal aerosols: two-mode generated by spark discharge, consisting of ultrafine (fresh Mn fume) and fine particles (aged Cu fume); and three-mode produced by adding coarse particles (Arizona road dust) to the two-mode. Near-real-time size distributions from the PACS compared favorably to those from a scanning mobility particle sizer and an aerodynamic particle sizer for the three-mode aerosol (number,
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0278-6826
ISSN	0278-6826
DOI	10.1080/02786826.2019.1600654
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Effects of Sterilization With Hydrogen Peroxide and Chlorine Dioxide on the Filtration Efficiency of N95, KN95, and Surgical Face Masks.

Cai, Changjie / Floyd, Evan L

JAMA network open

2020 Volume 3, Issue 6, Page(s) e2012099

MeSH term(s)	Aerosols ; Chlorine Compounds/chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry ; Masks ; Oxides/chemistry ; Particle Size ; Quality Improvement ; Sterilization/methods ; Sterilization/standards
Chemical Substances	Aerosols ; Chlorine Compounds ; Oxides ; chlorine dioxide (8061YMS4RM) ; Hydrogen Peroxide (BBX060AN9V)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12099
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Utilization of Antibacterial Nanoparticles in Photocurable Additive Manufacturing of Advanced Composites for Improved Public Health.

Billings, Christopher / Cai, Changjie / Liu, Yingtao

Polymers

2021 Volume 13, Issue 16

Abstract: This paper presents the additive manufacturing and characterization of nanoparticle-reinforced photocurable resin-based nanocomposites with a potential antimicrobial function for improved public health applications. Two types of photocurable resins are ... ...

Abstract	This paper presents the additive manufacturing and characterization of nanoparticle-reinforced photocurable resin-based nanocomposites with a potential antimicrobial function for improved public health applications. Two types of photocurable resins are reinforced by titanium dioxide (TiO
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527146-5
ISSN	2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
ISSN (online)	2073-4360
ISSN	2073-4360
DOI	10.3390/polym13162616
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Article ; Online: In-depth insights into polarization-dependent light extraction mechanisms of AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes.

Zheng, Tongchang / Zhou, Changjie / Zhu, Huili / Lin, Qiubao / Yang, Lan / Cai, Duanjun / Kang, Junyong

Optics express

2023 Volume 31, Issue 10, Page(s) 15653–15673

Abstract: The AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV LEDs) dominated by transverse-magnetic (TM) polarized emission suffer from extremely poor light extraction efficiency (LEE) from their top surface, which severely limits the device performance. ... ...

Abstract	The AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV LEDs) dominated by transverse-magnetic (TM) polarized emission suffer from extremely poor light extraction efficiency (LEE) from their top surface, which severely limits the device performance. In this study, the underlying physics of polarization-dependent light extraction mechanisms of AlGaN-based DUV LEDs has been explored in depth via simple Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulations with Snell's law. It is especially worth noting that the structures of the p-type electron blocking layer (p-EBL) and multi-quantum wells (MQWs) have a significant impact on light extraction behavior, especially for TM-polarized emission. Thus, an artificial vertical escape channel (named GLRV) has been constructed to efficiently extract the TM-polarized light through the top surface, by adjusting the structures of the p-EBL, MQWs, sidewalls, and using the adverse total internal reflection in a positive manner. The results show that the enhancement times of the top-surface LEE is up to 18 for TM-polarized emission in the 300 × 300 µm
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491859-6
ISSN	1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
ISSN (online)	1094-4087
ISSN	1094-4087
DOI	10.1364/OE.487207
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Article: Development of a Portable Aerosol Collector and Spectrometer (PACS).

Cai, Changjie / Thomas, Geb W / Yang, Tianbao / Park, Jae Hong / Gogineni, Sivaram P / Peters, Thomas M

Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research

2023 Volume 52, Issue 12, Page(s) 1351–1369

Abstract: This article presents the development of a Portable Aerosol Collector and Spectrometer (PACS), an instrument designed to measure particle number, surface area, and mass concentrations continuously and time-weighted mass concentration by composition from ... ...

Abstract	This article presents the development of a Portable Aerosol Collector and Spectrometer (PACS), an instrument designed to measure particle number, surface area, and mass concentrations continuously and time-weighted mass concentration by composition from 10 nm to 10 μm. The PACS consists of a six-stage particle size selector, a valve system, a water condensation particle counter to detect number concentrations, and a photometer to detect mass concentrations. The stages of the selector include three impactor and two diffusion stages, which resolve particles by size and collect particles for later chemical analysis. Particle penetration by size was measured through each stage to determine actual collection performance and account for particle losses. The data inversion algorithm uses an adaptive grid-search process with a constrained linear least-square solver to fit a tri-modal (ultrafine, fine, and coarse), log-normal distribution to the input data (number and mass concentration exiting each stage). The measured 50% cutoff diameter of each stage was similar to the design. The pressure drop of each stage was sufficiently low to permit its operation with portable air pumps. Sensitivity studies were conducted to explore the influence of unknown particle density (range from 500 to 3,000 kg/m
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0278-6826
ISSN	0278-6826
DOI	10.1080/02786826.2018.1524985
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Long Term Prognostic Value Of SYNTAX Score II Among Stemi Patients-A Comprehensive Result From Meta-Analysis.

Yu, Changjie / Xie, Qianying / Cai, Lei / Chen, Zexin / Qiu, Sheng

Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale

2022 Volume 45, Issue 1, Page(s) E12–20

Abstract: Purpose: To assess the predictive value of SS II (SYNTAX score II) for long-term outcomes in ST-elevated myoarial infarction (STEMI) patients. Source: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched up until September 24, 2021. Two investigators ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To assess the predictive value of SS II (SYNTAX score II) for long-term outcomes in ST-elevated myoarial infarction (STEMI) patients. Source: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched up until September 24, 2021. Two investigators extracted data independently from the relevant articles. A random-effects model was conducted to combine the pooled hazard ratio (HR) or risk ratio (RR) for association between SS II and long term outcomes. Principal findings: A total of 12 articles (7,195 subjects) were included in the final meta-analyses. Analysis of nine of the articles showed that higher SS II predicted poor long term all-cause mortality among STEMI patients (pooled RRs=4.09,95%CI: 3.49-4.80). A similar association of SS II with poor long term mortality was observed when the crude HRs and adjusted HRs were pooled (crude HRs: pooled HR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.04-1.09; adjusted HRs: pooled HR=1.05, 95%CI:1.04-1.07). The STEMI patients with higher SS II also showed a higher associated with increased risk of long term major adverse cardiac events (pooled HR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.07; pooled RR=2.28, 95%CI:2.02-2.57). A consistent association was found for heart failure among STEMI patients. Conclusion: Higher SS II predicted poor long term all-cause mortality, major adverse cardia events and heart failure among STEMI patients.
MeSH term(s)	Heart Failure ; Humans ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/adverse effects ; Prognosis ; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-23
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	434004-8
ISSN	1488-2353 ; 0147-958X
ISSN (online)	1488-2353
ISSN	0147-958X
DOI	10.25011/cim.v45i1.38083
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Article ; Online: Utilization of Antibacterial Nanoparticles in Photocurable Additive Manufacturing of Advanced Composites for Improved Public Health

Christopher Billings / Changjie Cai / Yingtao Liu

Polymers, Vol 13, Iss 2616, p

2021 Volume 2616

Abstract	This paper presents the additive manufacturing and characterization of nanoparticle-reinforced photocurable resin-based nanocomposites with a potential antimicrobial function for improved public health applications. Two types of photocurable resins are reinforced by titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) or zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with average diameters in the 10–30 nm range to provide antimicrobial properties. The developed nanocomposites can be additively manufactured using the digital light processing method with an outstanding surface quality and precise geometrical accuracy. Experimental characterizations are conducted to investigate key mechanical properties of the 3D printed nanocomposites, including Young’s Modulus, tensile strength, and abrasion resistance. Specimens produced were observed to demonstrate the following characteristics during testing. Tensile strength increased by 42.2% at a maximum value of 29.53 MPa. The modulus of elasticity increased by 14.3%, and abrasion resistance increased by 15.8%. The proper dispersion of the nanoparticles within the cured resin is validated by scanning electron images. The wettability and water absorption testing results indicate that the developed nanocomposites have an outstanding water resistance capability. The pairing of digital light processing with these novel nanocomposites allows for the creation of complex composite geometries that are not capable through other manufacturing processes. Therefore, they have the potential for long-term usage to improve general public health with antimicrobial functionality. The pairing of an unmodified photocurable resin with a 1% ZnO concentration demonstrated the most promise for commercial applications.
Keywords	additive manufacturing ; photopolymerization ; digital light processing ; nanoparticles ; antimicrobial ; public health ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	620
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Developing an Interpretable Machine Learning Model to Predict in-Hospital Mortality in Sepsis Patients: A Retrospective Temporal Validation Study.

Li, Shuhe / Dou, Ruoxu / Song, Xiaodong / Lui, Ka Yin / Xu, Jinghong / Guo, Zilu / Hu, Xiaoguang / Guan, Xiangdong / Cai, Changjie

Journal of clinical medicine

2023 Volume 12, Issue 3

Abstract: Background: Risk stratification plays an essential role in the decision making for sepsis management, as existing approaches can hardly satisfy the need to assess this heterogeneous population. We aimed to develop and validate a machine learning model ... ...

Abstract	Background: Risk stratification plays an essential role in the decision making for sepsis management, as existing approaches can hardly satisfy the need to assess this heterogeneous population. We aimed to develop and validate a machine learning model to predict in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis. Methods: Adult patients fulfilling the definition of Sepsis-3 were included at a large tertiary medical center. Relevant clinical features were extracted within the first 24 h in ICU, re-classified into different genres, and utilized for model development under three strategies: "Basic + Lab", "Basic + Intervention", and "Whole" feature sets. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) was compared with logistic regression (LR) and established severity scores. Temporal validation was conducted using admissions from 2017 to 2019. Results: The final cohort included 24,272 patients, of which 4013 patients formed the test cohort for temporal validation. The trained and fine-tuned XGBoost model with the whole feature set showed the best discriminatory ability in the test cohort with AUROC as 0.85, significantly higher than the XGBoost "Basic + Lab" model (0.83), the LR "Whole" model (0.82), SOFA (0.63), SAPS-II (0.73), and LODS score (0.74). The performance in varying subgroups remained robust, and predictors, such as increased urine output and supplemental oxygen therapy, were crucially correlated with improved survival when interpretability was explored. Conclusions: We developed and validated a novel XGBoost-based model and demonstrated significantly improved performance to LR and other scores in predicting the mortality risks of sepsis patients in the hospital using features in the first 24 h.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm12030915
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Article: Effect of adjuvants on physicochemical properties of lime sulfur on flower/paraffin and application on flower thinning.

Li, Yuanyuan / Liu, Yang / Wu, Changjie / Zhao, Rui / Li, Minghua / Cai, Jing / Ma, Li / He, Xiongkui / Wu, Xuemin / Zhenhua, Zhang

Frontiers in plant science

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1257672

Abstract: Introduction: Adjuvants can effectively enhance the utilization rate of pesticides, but the application of adjuvants in plant growth regulators is rarely studied.: Methods: This work explored the effects of adjuvants dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Adjuvants can effectively enhance the utilization rate of pesticides, but the application of adjuvants in plant growth regulators is rarely studied. Methods: This work explored the effects of adjuvants dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) and methyl oleate (MO) on lime sulfur (LS), especially the drop behavior on flower and paraffin surface. Results: The results showed that the addition of AOT and AOT+MO can significantly reduce the static and dynamic surface tension of LS from 72mN/m to 28mN/m and 32mN/m respectively, and increase the spreading factor from 0.18 to 1.83 and 3.10 respectively, reduce the bounce factor from 2.72 to 0.37 and 0.27 respectively. The fluorescence tracer test showed that the addition of adjuvants could promote the spreading and permeation of droplets. The field test results revealed that the flower thinning rate of adjuvant and non-adjuvant were 80.55% and 54.4% respectively, and the flower thinning effect of adding adjuvant was the same as that of artificial which the flower thinning rate was 84.77%. The quality of apples treated with adjuvants was similar to that treated with artificial, and the weight of single fruit increased by 24.08% compared with CK (spray water). Discussion: The application of tank-mixture adjuvant could reduce the dosage of LS for thinning agent application, improve apple's quality, and decrease labor cost and improve the economic benefits of fruit planting and the environmental benefits of plant growth regulators.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2613694-6
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2023.1257672
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