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  1. Article: Targeting envelope proteins of poxviruses to repurpose phytochemicals against monkeypox: An

    Gulati, Pallavi / Chadha, Jatin / Harjai, Kusum / Singh, Sandeepa

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2023  Volume 13, Page(s) 1073419

    Abstract: The monkeypox virus (MPXV) has become a major threat due to the increasing global caseload and the ongoing multi-country outbreak in non-endemic territories. Due to limited research in this avenue and the lack of intervention strategies, the present ... ...

    Abstract The monkeypox virus (MPXV) has become a major threat due to the increasing global caseload and the ongoing multi-country outbreak in non-endemic territories. Due to limited research in this avenue and the lack of intervention strategies, the present study was aimed to virtually screen bioactive phytochemicals against envelope proteins of MPXV
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1073419
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A comprehensive status update on modification of foley catheter to combat catheter-associated urinary tract infections and microbial biofilms.

    Chadha, Jatin / Thakur, Navdisha / Chhibber, Sanjay / Harjai, Kusum

    Critical reviews in microbiology

    2023  Volume 50, Issue 2, Page(s) 168–195

    Abstract: Present-day healthcare employs several types of invasive devices, including urinary catheters, to improve medical wellness, the clinical outcome of disease, and the quality of patient life. Among urinary catheters, the Foley catheter is most commonly ... ...

    Abstract Present-day healthcare employs several types of invasive devices, including urinary catheters, to improve medical wellness, the clinical outcome of disease, and the quality of patient life. Among urinary catheters, the Foley catheter is most commonly used in patients for bladder drainage and collection of urine. Although such devices are very useful for patients who cannot empty their bladder for various reasons, they also expose patients to catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Catheter provides an ideal surface for bacterial colonization and biofilm formation, resulting in persistent bacterial infection and severe complications. Hence, rigorous efforts have been made to develop catheters that harbour antimicrobial and anti-fouling properties to resist colonization by bacterial pathogens. In this regard, catheter modification by surface functionalization, impregnation, blending, or coating with antibiotics, bioactive compounds, and nanoformulations have proved to be effective in controlling biofilm formation. This review attempts to illustrate the complications associated with indwelling Foley catheters, primarily focussing on challenges in fighting CAUTI, catheter colonization, and biofilm formation. In this review, we also collate scientific literature on catheter modification using antibiotics, plant bioactive components, bacteriophages, nanoparticles, and studies demonstrating their efficacy through
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Catheter-Related Infections/etiology ; Catheter-Related Infections/microbiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/prevention & control ; Urinary Catheters/adverse effects ; Urinary Catheters/microbiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Biofilms ; Bacteria
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1053620-6
    ISSN 1549-7828 ; 1040-841X
    ISSN (online) 1549-7828
    ISSN 1040-841X
    DOI 10.1080/1040841X.2023.2167593
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    Zs.A 1025: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  3. Article: Elevated Cardiac Troponin Is Most Often Associated With Type 2 Myocardial Infarction in Trauma Patients.

    Culhane, John T / Drogan, Jillian / Okeke, Raymond I / Harjai, Kishore

    Cureus

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) e39711

    Abstract: Introduction Cardiac troponin (cTn) forms an essential part of the diagnostic criteria for myocardial infarction (MI). Type 1 MI is a primary coronary arterial event, whereas type 2 MI is due to coronary oxygen supply/demand mismatch, which is common in ... ...

    Abstract Introduction Cardiac troponin (cTn) forms an essential part of the diagnostic criteria for myocardial infarction (MI). Type 1 MI is a primary coronary arterial event, whereas type 2 MI is due to coronary oxygen supply/demand mismatch, which is common in trauma patients. In addition, cTn may be elevated for many reasons other than MI. cTn elevations in trauma may not be specific for MI amenable to revascularization. The aim of this study is to determine which subset of trauma patients benefits from measuring cTn, and which patients with elevated cTn benefit from ischemic workup. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study. All patients on the trauma service of a level 1 trauma center with cTn elevated above the upper reference value of 0.032 ng/ml from July 2017 through December 2020 were selected. Baseline characteristics were recorded. The main outcomes were cardiology determination of the etiology of elevated cTn and patient survival. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results One hundred forty-seven (147; 1.1%) of 13746 trauma patients had maximum cTn over the 99th percentile. Forty-one (27.5%) of the 147 had ischemic changes on electrocardiogram (ECG). Sixty-four (43.0%) had chest pain. In 81 (55.1%) cases, cTn was ordered without a clearly justified indication. One hundred thirty-seven patients (93.3%) received a cardiology consult. Two (1.5%) of 137 patients had a type 1 MI, which was diagnosed by ECG and clinical symptoms before cTn results were available. One hundred thirty-five patients were evaluated for cardiac ischemia based on elevated cTn. In 91 (66.4%) cases, the elevated cTn was attributed to a cardiac oxygen supply/demand mismatch. The etiology was cardiac contusion for 26 (19.0%), with the rest attributed to various other trauma-related causes. The cardiology consult changed management for 90 (65.7%) patients, mainly consisting of further evaluation by echocardiogram for 78 (57.0%) patients. Elevated cTn was a significant independent predictor of death with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.6 (p=0.002). Conclusion Isolated cTn values in trauma are most often due to type 2 MI resulting from trauma-related issues, such as tachycardia and anemia, which affect myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Changes in management generally consisted of further workup and interventions such as monitoring and pharmacologic treatment. Elevated cTn in this cohort never led to revascularization but was valuable to identify patients who required more intensive monitoring, longer-term follow-up, and supportive cardiac care. More selective ordering of cTn would improve specificity for patients requiring specialized cardiac care.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.39711
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  4. Article ; Online: Anti-virulence prospects of Metformin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A new dimension to a multifaceted drug.

    Chadha, Jatin / Khullar, Lavanya / Gulati, Pallavi / Chhibber, Sanjay / Harjai, Kusum

    Microbial pathogenesis

    2023  Volume 183, Page(s) 106281

    Abstract: Metformin (MeT) is an FDA-approved drug with a myriad of health benefits. Besides being used as an anti-diabetic drug, MeT is also effective against various cancers, liver-, cardiovascular-, and renal diseases. This study was undertaken to examine its ... ...

    Abstract Metformin (MeT) is an FDA-approved drug with a myriad of health benefits. Besides being used as an anti-diabetic drug, MeT is also effective against various cancers, liver-, cardiovascular-, and renal diseases. This study was undertaken to examine its unique potential as an anti-virulence drug against an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Due to the menace of multidrug resistance in pathogenic microorganisms, many novel or repurposed drugs with anti-virulence prospects are emerging as next-generation therapies with the aim to overshadow the application of existing antimicrobial regimens. The quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms of P. aeruginosa are an attractive drug target for attenuating bacterial virulence. In this context, the anti-QS potential of MeT was scrutinized using biosensor assays. MeT was comprehensively evaluated for its effects on different motility phenotypes, virulence factor production (phenotypic and genotypic expression) along with biofilm development in P. aeruginosa in vitro. At sub-lethal concentrations, MeT displayed prolific quorum quenching (QQ) ability and remarkably inhibited AHL biosynthesis in P. aeruginosa. Moreover, MeT (1/8 MIC) effectively downregulated the expression levels of various QS- and virulence genes in P. aeruginosa, which coincided with a notable reduction in the levels of alginate, hemolysin, pyocyanin, pyochelin, elastase, and protease production. In silico analysis through molecular docking also predicted strong associations between MeT and QS receptors of P. aeruginosa. MeT also compromised the motility phenotypes and successfully abrogated biofilm formation by inhibiting EPS production in P. aeruginosa. Hence, MeT may be repurposed as an anti-virulence drug against P. aeruginosa in clinical settings.
    MeSH term(s) Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Metformin/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism ; Virulence/genetics ; Biofilms ; Quorum Sensing ; Virulence Factors/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Metformin (9100L32L2N) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Virulence Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632772-2
    ISSN 1096-1208 ; 0882-4010
    ISSN (online) 1096-1208
    ISSN 0882-4010
    DOI 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106281
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2136: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article ; Online: Repurposing albendazole as a potent inhibitor of quorum sensing-regulated virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Novel prospects of a classical drug.

    Chadha, Jatin / Khullar, Lavanya / Gulati, Pallavi / Chhibber, Sanjay / Harjai, Kusum

    Microbial pathogenesis

    2023  Volume 186, Page(s) 106468

    Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a critical superbug that poses a serious threat to public health. Owing to its virulence and multidrug resistance profiles, the pathogen demands immediate attention for devising alternate intervention strategies. In ... ...

    Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a critical superbug that poses a serious threat to public health. Owing to its virulence and multidrug resistance profiles, the pathogen demands immediate attention for devising alternate intervention strategies. In an attempt to repurpose drugs against P. aeruginosa, this preclinical study was aimed at investigating the antivirulence prospects of albendazole (AbZ), an FDA-approved anti-helminthic drug, recently predicted to disrupt quorum sensing (QS) in Chromobacterium violaceum. AbZ was scrutinized for its quorum quenching (QQ) prospects, effect on bacterial virulence, different motility phenotypes, and biofilm formation in vitro. Additionally, in silico analysis was employed to predict the molecular interactions between AbZ and QS receptors. At sub-inhibitory levels, AbZ demonstrated anti-QS activity and significantly abrogated AHL biosynthesis in P. aeruginosa. Moreover, AbZ significantly downregulated the transcript levels of QS- (lasI/lasR, rhlI/rhlR, and pqsA/pqsR) and QS-dependent virulence (aprA, lasA, lasB, plcH, and toxA) genes in P. aeruginosa. This coincided with reduced hemolysin, alginate, pyocyanin, rhamnolipids, total protease, and elastase production, thereby lowering phenotypic virulence. Molecular docking with AbZ further revealed strong associations and high binding energies with LasR (-8.8 kcal/mol), RhlR (-6.5 kcal/mol), and PqsR (-6.3 kcal/mol) receptors. AbZ also impeded bacterial motility and abolished EPS production, severely compromising pseudomonal biofilm formation. For the first time, AbZ was shown to interfere with QS circuitry and consequently disarming pseudomonal virulence. Hence, AbZ can be exploited for its antivirulence properties against P. aeruginosa.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Quorum Sensing ; Virulence Factors/genetics ; Virulence Factors/metabolism ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Biofilms ; Albendazole/pharmacology ; Drug Repositioning ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Virulence Factors ; Albendazole (F4216019LN) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632772-2
    ISSN 1096-1208 ; 0882-4010
    ISSN (online) 1096-1208
    ISSN 0882-4010
    DOI 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106468
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    Zs.A 2136: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  6. Article ; Online: Lumpy skin disease: Insights into current status and geographical expansion of a transboundary viral disease.

    Moudgil, Gaurav / Chadha, Jatin / Khullar, Lavanya / Chhibber, Sanjay / Harjai, Kusum

    Microbial pathogenesis

    2023  Volume 186, Page(s) 106485

    Abstract: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging transboundary viral disease of livestock animals which was first reported in 1929 in Zambia. Although LSD is a neglected disease of economic importance, it extends a direct impact on the international trade and ... ...

    Abstract Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging transboundary viral disease of livestock animals which was first reported in 1929 in Zambia. Although LSD is a neglected disease of economic importance, it extends a direct impact on the international trade and economy in livestock-dependent countries. Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) has been endemic in African countries, where several outbreaks have been reported previously. However, the virus has spread rapidly across the Middle East in the past two decades, reaching Russia and, recently, the Asian subcontinent. With unprecedented cluster outbreaks being reported across Asian countries like India, China, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, LSDV is certainly undergoing an epidemiological shift and expanding its geographical footprint worldwide. Due to high mortality among livestock animals, the recent LSD outbreaks have gained attention from global regulatory authorities and raised serious concerns among epidemiologists and veterinary researchers. Despite networked global surveillance of the disease, recurrent LSD cases pose a threat to the livestock industry. Hence, this review provides recent insights into the LSDV biology by augmenting the latest literature associated with its pathogenesis, transmission, current intervention strategies, and economic implications. The review critically examines the changing epidemiological footprint of LSDV globally, especially in relation to developing countries of the Asian subcontinent. We also speculate the possible reasons contributing to the ongoing LSD outbreaks, including illegal animal trade, climate change, genetic recombination events between wild-type and vaccine strains, reversion of vaccine strains to virulent phenotype, and deficiencies in active monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; Humans ; Lumpy Skin Disease/epidemiology ; Lumpy Skin Disease/prevention & control ; Commerce ; Pandemics ; Internationality ; Lumpy skin disease virus/genetics ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Pakistan ; Phylogeny
    Chemical Substances Vaccines, Attenuated
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 632772-2
    ISSN 1096-1208 ; 0882-4010
    ISSN (online) 1096-1208
    ISSN 0882-4010
    DOI 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106485
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    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  7. Article ; Online: α-Terpineol synergizes with gentamicin to rescue Caenorhabditis elegans from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by attenuating quorum sensing-regulated virulence.

    Chadha, Jatin / Ravi / Singh, Jogender / Harjai, Kusum

    Life sciences

    2022  Volume 313, Page(s) 121267

    Abstract: Aims: This study scrutinized α-Terpineol (α-T) for its anti-virulence and anti-fouling potential against P. aeruginosa PAO1 in conjunction with gentamicin (GeN) using in-vitro, in-silico, and in-vivo approaches.: Main methods: The quorum quenching ( ... ...

    Abstract Aims: This study scrutinized α-Terpineol (α-T) for its anti-virulence and anti-fouling potential against P. aeruginosa PAO1 in conjunction with gentamicin (GeN) using in-vitro, in-silico, and in-vivo approaches.
    Main methods: The quorum quenching (QQ) potential of the drug combination was studied using a quorum sensing (QS) biosensor strain and tested for synergy using chequerboard and time-kill kinetics assays. The effect of α-T and GeN on bacterial motility, QS-regulated virulence factor production, and biofilm formation was assessed in P. aeruginosa PAO1 along with molecular docking analysis. The protective effects of α-T-GeN combination were also examined in a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model through slow-killing (SK) assays.
    Key findings: The drug combination displayed synergy, enhanced QQ activity, and suppressed AHL production in PAO1. At sub-inhibitory concentrations, the drug combination suppressed the expression of genes regulating QS and pseudomonal virulence, thereby inhibiting the production of virulence factors in PAO1. The drug combination compromised all forms of pseudomonal motility, strongly inhibited biofilm formation, and successfully eradicated preformed biofilms. Based on these findings, it is concluded that GeN (alone) does not harbor any QQ properties, but enhances the QQ potential of α-T. Moreover, combinational treatment protected C. elegans from pseudomonal infection and improved survival rates by 73 % at 96 h.
    Significance: For the first time, the molecular mechanism responsible for the anti-QS activity of α-T was unraveled through a comprehensive investigation, thereby asserting its potential as an anti-virulent drug against P. aeruginosa.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3378-9
    ISSN 1879-0631 ; 0024-3205
    ISSN (online) 1879-0631
    ISSN 0024-3205
    DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121267
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    Uc I Zs.368: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Gentamicin Augments the Quorum Quenching Potential of Cinnamaldehyde

    Chadha, Jatin / Ravi / Singh, Jogender / Chhibber, Sanjay / Harjai, Kusum

    Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

    2022  Volume 12, Page(s) 899566

    Abstract: The quorum sensing (QS) circuitry ... ...

    Abstract The quorum sensing (QS) circuitry of
    MeSH term(s) Acrolein/analogs & derivatives ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Gentamicins ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Pseudomonas Infections ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Quorum Sensing
    Chemical Substances Gentamicins ; Acrolein (7864XYD3JJ) ; cinnamaldehyde (SR60A3XG0F)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2619676-1
    ISSN 2235-2988 ; 2235-2988
    ISSN (online) 2235-2988
    ISSN 2235-2988
    DOI 10.3389/fcimb.2022.899566
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Insights into the monkeypox virus: Making of another pandemic within the pandemic?

    Chadha, Jatin / Khullar, Lavanya / Gulati, Pallavi / Chhibber, Sanjay / Harjai, Kusum

    Environmental microbiology

    2022  Volume 24, Issue 10, Page(s) 4547–4560

    Abstract: Just when the world started to adapt to the 'new normal' amid the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, the world is witnessing the wrath of another viral disease, the monkeypox virus (MPXV). The virus is endemic to African countries, where several ...

    Abstract Just when the world started to adapt to the 'new normal' amid the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, the world is witnessing the wrath of another viral disease, the monkeypox virus (MPXV). The virus is endemic to African countries, where several outbreaks have been reported in the past. However, the present cases have been reported in non-endemic countries worldwide. Although MPX is considered to be a self-limiting disease, recent reports on its incidence have proved otherwise. The 2022 multi-country MPX outbreak has drawn the attention of global surveillance organizations and epidemiologists to trace its origin; however, there are existing gaps regarding the animal reservoirs, biological implications, and management of MPX. In view of the recent events, the World Health Organization (WHO) has also declared the ongoing MPX outbreak a global health emergency. Hence, the geographically expanding MPXV poses a significant threat to human health and public safety. In this review, the latest insights into the biology of MPXV have been provided by discussing its biological implications on human health, changing epidemiological footprint, and presently available intervention strategies. This review also sheds light on the existing lacunas and possible reasons that may have been responsible for the ongoing MPX outbreak.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology ; Monkeypox virus/genetics ; Pandemics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2020213-1
    ISSN 1462-2920 ; 1462-2912
    ISSN (online) 1462-2920
    ISSN 1462-2912
    DOI 10.1111/1462-2920.16174
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Revisiting the virulence hallmarks of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a chronicle through the perspective of quorum sensing.

    Chadha, Jatin / Harjai, Kusum / Chhibber, Sanjay

    Environmental microbiology

    2021  Volume 24, Issue 6, Page(s) 2630–2656

    Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and the leading cause of mortality among immunocompromised patients in clinical setups. The hallmarks of virulence in P. aeruginosa encompass six biologically competent attributes that cumulatively ... ...

    Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and the leading cause of mortality among immunocompromised patients in clinical setups. The hallmarks of virulence in P. aeruginosa encompass six biologically competent attributes that cumulatively drive disease progression in a multistep manner. These multifaceted hallmarks lay the principal foundation for rationalizing the complexities of pseudomonal infections. They include factors for host colonization and bacterial motility, biofilm formation, production of destructive enzymes, toxic secondary metabolites, iron-chelating siderophores and toxins. This arsenal of virulence hallmarks is fostered and stringently regulated by the bacterial signalling system called quorum sensing (QS). The central regulatory functions of QS in controlling the timely expression of these virulence hallmarks for adaptation and survival drive the disease outcome. This review describes the intricate mechanisms of QS in P. aeruginosa and its role in shaping bacterial responses, boosting bacterial fitness. We summarize the virulence hallmarks of P. aeruginosa, relating them with the QS circuitry in clinical infections. We also examine the role of QS in the development of drug resistance and propose a novel antivirulence therapy to combat P. aeruginosa infections. This can prove to be a next-generation therapy that may eventually become refractory to the use of conventional antimicrobial treatments.
    MeSH term(s) Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Biofilms ; Humans ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolism ; Quorum Sensing ; Virulence ; Virulence Factors/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Proteins ; Virulence Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2020213-1
    ISSN 1462-2920 ; 1462-2912
    ISSN (online) 1462-2920
    ISSN 1462-2912
    DOI 10.1111/1462-2920.15784
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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