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Article ; Online: Larval cisco and lake whitefish exhibit high distributional overlap within nursery areas

Brown, Taylor A. / Rudstam, Lars G. / Holden, Jeremy P. / Weidel, Brian C. / Ackiss, Amanda S. / Ropp, Ann J. / Chalupnicki, Marc A. / McKenna, James E., Jr / Sethi, Suresh A.

Ecology of Freshwater Fish. 2023 Oct., v. 32, no. 4 p.804-823

2023

Abstract: Coregonine fishes, including lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and cisco (C. artedi), are socioecologically important in the Laurentian Great Lakes and of conservation concern, but the processes driving recruitment variability are unclear. In Lake ... ...

Abstract	Coregonine fishes, including lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and cisco (C. artedi), are socioecologically important in the Laurentian Great Lakes and of conservation concern, but the processes driving recruitment variability are unclear. In Lake Ontario, cisco and lake whitefish exhibit similar spawning behaviours and early life histories, but population trajectories are diverging. One hypothesis is that sympatric cisco and lake whitefish larvae occupy distinct habitats and experience dissimilar local environmental conditions, despite co‐occurrence within nursery areas. We described the spatiotemporal distributions of larval cisco and lake whitefish among multiple Lake Ontario embayment nursery areas, characterised physical habitat features associated with their distributions, determined the degree of spatial habitat partitioning between species and evaluated how habitat niche divergence occurred along an ontogenetic progression. Both species were widely distributed across larval nursery areas, though lake whitefish were less abundant and more narrowly distributed than cisco. Within the yolk sac stage, lake whitefish occupied more nearshore, shallower and colder waters than cisco, indicating potential habitat niche partitioning between congeners. However, distributional differences were subtle and likely driven by differential hatch timing and staggered ontogenetic habitat shifts. Combined, our results illustrate similar habitat use between cisco and lake whitefish through the larval stage and demonstrate that ontogeny and species‐specific phenology influence habitat use for these species. This study provides additional evidence that the early life histories of cisco and lake whitefish are highly similar and does not support the hypothesis that larval habitat use differences are a major driver of differential recruitment success for these species.
Keywords	Coregonus clupeaformis ; freshwater fish ; habitat preferences ; habitats ; larvae ; ontogeny ; phenology ; sympatry ; yolk sac ; Lake Ontario
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-10
Size	p. 804-823.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	913011-1
ISSN	0906-6691
ISSN	0906-6691
DOI	10.1111/eff.12722
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The Pace of Life: Metabolic Energy, Biological Time, and Life History.

Brown, James H / Burger, Joseph R / Hou, Chen / Hall, Charles A S

Integrative and comparative biology

2022

Abstract: ... of Brown et al. (2018). 3) The enormous diversity of life histories is due largely to variation ...

Abstract	New biophysical theory and electronic databases raise the prospect of deriving fundamental rules of life, a conceptual framework for how the structures and functions of molecules, cells and individual organisms give rise to emergent patterns and processes of ecology, evolution and biodiversity. This framework is very general, applying across taxa of animals from 10-10 g protists to 108 g whales, and across environments from deserts and abyssal depths to rain forests and coral reefs. It has several hallmarks: 1) Energy is the ultimate limiting resource for organisms and the currency of biological fitness. 2) Most organisms are nearly equally fit, because in each generation at steady state they transfer an equal quantity of energy (22.4 kJ/g) and biomass (1 g/g) to surviving offspring. This is the equal fitness paradigm (EFP) of Brown et al. (2018). 3) The enormous diversity of life histories is due largely to variation in metabolic rates (e.g., energy uptake and expenditure via assimilation, respiration and production) and biological times (e.g., generation time). As in standard allometric and metabolic theory, most physiological and life history traits scale approximately as quarter-power functions of body mass, m (rates as ∼m-1/4 and times as ∼m1/4), and as exponential functions of temperature. 4) Time is the fourth dimension of life. Generation time is the pace of life. 5) There is, however, considerable variation not accounted for by the above scalings and existing theories. Much of this "unexplained" variation is due to natural selection on life history traits to adapt the biological times of generations to the clock times of geochronological environmental cycles. 7) Most work on biological scaling and metabolic ecology has focused on respiration rate. The emerging synthesis applies conceptual foundations of energetics and the EFP to shift the focus to production rate and generation time.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2159110-6
ISSN	1557-7023 ; 1540-7063
ISSN (online)	1557-7023
ISSN	1540-7063
DOI	10.1093/icb/icac058
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Can a mock medication-taking learning activity enable pharmacy students to experience the range of barriers and facilitators to medication adherence? An analysis informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework and COM-B model.

Mantzourani, E / James, D H / Akthar, M A / Brown, S L / Yemm, R / Lehnbom, E C / Hanrahan, J R / Seage, C H

Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy

2023 Volume 13, Page(s) 100393

Abstract: Background: Pharmacy professionals are well-placed to provide medication adherence support to patients. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) are two complementary models previously applied to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Pharmacy professionals are well-placed to provide medication adherence support to patients. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) are two complementary models previously applied to medication-taking behaviour. Understanding the patient-specific barriers and facilitators to adherence using psychological frameworks from the early stages of pharmacy education enables the design and delivery of effective interventions. Objectives: To examine whether a novel 'mock medicine' learning activity enabled students to experience the range of barriers and facilitators to medication adherence using the COM-B and TDF. Methods: A mock medicine activity was conducted with students at pharmacy schools in three universities in the UK, Norway, and Australia over one week. Percentage adherence was calculated for five dosing regimens; theoretical framework analysis was applied to map reflective statements from student logs to COM-B and TDF. Results: A total of 349 students (52.6%) returned completed logs, with high overall mean adherence (83.5%, range 0-100%). Analysis of the 277 (79.4%) students who provided reflective statements included barriers and facilitators that mapped onto one (9%), two (29%) or all three (62%) of the COM-B components and all fourteen TDF domains (overall mean = 4.04; Uni 1 = 3.72; Uni 2 = 4.50; Uni 3 = 4.38; range 1-8). Most frequently mapped domains were ' Conclusions: This is the first study to utilise both COM-B and TDF to analyse a proxy measure of medication adherence in pharmacy education. Data mapping demonstrated that students experienced similar issues to patients when prescribed a short course of medication. Importantly, all the factors influencing medication-taking reported by students were captured by these two psychological frameworks. Future educational strategies will involve students in the mapping exercise to gain hands-on experience of using these psychological constructs in practice.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2667-2766
ISSN (online)	2667-2766
DOI	10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100393
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Article ; Online: Childhood cross-ethnic exposure predicts political behavior seven decades later: Evidence from linked administrative data.

Brown, Jacob R / Enos, Ryan D / Feigenbaum, James / Mazumder, Soumyajit

Science advances

2021 Volume 7, Issue 24

Abstract: ... individual-level analysis linking contemporary political records to the 1940 U.S. Census. These linked data ...

Abstract	Does contact across social groups influence sociopolitical behavior? This question is among the most studied in the social sciences with deep implications for the harmony of diverse societies. Yet, despite a voluminous body of scholarship, evidence around this question is limited to cross-sectional surveys that only measure short-term consequences of contact or to panel surveys with small samples covering short time periods. Using advances in machine learning that enable large-scale linkages across datasets, we examine the long-term determinants of sociopolitical behavior through an unprecedented individual-level analysis linking contemporary political records to the 1940 U.S. Census. These linked data allow us to measure the exact residential context of nearly every person in the United States in 1940 and, for men, connect this with the political behavior of those still alive over 70 years later. We find that, among white Americans, early-life exposure to black neighbors predicts Democratic partisanship over 70 years later.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2810933-8
ISSN	2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
ISSN (online)	2375-2548
ISSN	2375-2548
DOI	10.1126/sciadv.abe8432
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Article ; Online: Outcomes after Perioperative Transient Ischemic Attack Following Cardiac Surgery.

Jain, Urvish / Jain, Bhav / Brown, James / Sultan, Ibrahim B / Thoma, Floyd / Anetakis, Katherine M / Balzer, Jeffrey R / Subramaniam, Kathirvel / Yousef, Sarah / Wang, Yisi / Nogueira, Raul / Thirumala, Parthasarathy D

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease

2024 Volume 11, Issue 1

Abstract: Perioperative transient ischemic attacks (PTIAs) are associated with significantly increased rates of postoperative complications such as low cardiac output, atrial fibrillation, and significantly higher mortality in cardiac procedures. The current ... ...

Abstract	Perioperative transient ischemic attacks (PTIAs) are associated with significantly increased rates of postoperative complications such as low cardiac output, atrial fibrillation, and significantly higher mortality in cardiac procedures. The current literature on PTIAs is sparse and understudied. Therefore, we aim to understand the effects of PTIA on hospital utilization, readmission, and morbidity. Using data on all the cardiac procedures at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from 2011 to 2019, fine and gray analysis was performed to identify whether PTIAs and covariables correlate with increased hospital utilization, stroke, all-cause readmission, Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events (MACCE), MI, and all-cause mortality. Logistic regression for longer hospitalization showed that PTIA (HR: 2.199 [95% CI: 1.416-3.416] increased utilization rates. Fine and gray modeling indicated that PTIA (HR: 1.444 [95% CI: 1.096-1.902],
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2777082-5
ISSN	2308-3425 ; 2308-3425
ISSN (online)	2308-3425
ISSN	2308-3425
DOI	10.3390/jcdd11010027
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Article ; Online: Encoding a magic state with beyond break-even fidelity.

Gupta, Riddhi S / Sundaresan, Neereja / Alexander, Thomas / Wood, Christopher J / Merkel, Seth T / Healy, Michael B / Hillenbrand, Marius / Jochym-O'Connor, Tomas / Wootton, James R / Yoder, Theodore J / Cross, Andrew W / Takita, Maika / Brown, Benjamin J

Nature

2024 Volume 625, Issue 7994, Page(s) 259–263

Abstract: To run large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer, error-correcting codes must be able to perform a fundamental set of operations, called logic gates, while isolating the encoded information from ... ...

Abstract	To run large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer, error-correcting codes must be able to perform a fundamental set of operations, called logic gates, while isolating the encoded information from noise
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/s41586-023-06846-3
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Zs.A 26: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: The Coastal Carbon Library and Atlas: Open source soil data and tools supporting blue carbon research and policy.

Global change biology

2024 Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) e17098

Abstract: ... outside of the U.S., and increasing the amount of data available for mangroves and seagrasses, especially ...

Abstract	Quantifying carbon fluxes into and out of coastal soils is critical to meeting greenhouse gas reduction and coastal resiliency goals. Numerous 'blue carbon' studies have generated, or benefitted from, synthetic datasets. However, the community those efforts inspired does not have a centralized, standardized database of disaggregated data used to estimate carbon stocks and fluxes. In this paper, we describe a data structure designed to standardize data reporting, maximize reuse, and maintain a chain of credit from synthesis to original source. We introduce version 1.0.0. of the Coastal Carbon Library, a global database of 6723 soil profiles representing blue carbon-storing systems including marshes, mangroves, tidal freshwater forests, and seagrasses. We also present the Coastal Carbon Atlas, an R-shiny application that can be used to visualize, query, and download portions of the Coastal Carbon Library. The majority (4815) of entries in the database can be used for carbon stock assessments without the need for interpolating missing soil variables, 533 are available for estimating carbon burial rate, and 326 are useful for fitting dynamic soil formation models. Organic matter density significantly varied by habitat with tidal freshwater forests having the highest density, and seagrasses having the lowest. Future work could involve expansion of the synthesis to include more deep stock assessments, increasing the representation of data outside of the U.S., and increasing the amount of data available for mangroves and seagrasses, especially carbon burial rate data. We present proposed best practices for blue carbon data including an emphasis on disaggregation, data publication, dataset documentation, and use of standardized vocabulary and templates whenever appropriate. To conclude, the Coastal Carbon Library and Atlas serve as a general example of a grassroots F.A.I.R. (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data effort demonstrating how data producers can coordinate to develop tools relevant to policy and decision-making.
MeSH term(s)	Carbon/chemistry ; Soil/chemistry ; Ecosystem ; Wetlands ; Policy
Chemical Substances	Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.17098
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Expanding the drug discovery space with predicted metabolite-target interactions.

Nuzzo, Andrea / Saha, Somdutta / Berg, Ellen / Jayawickreme, Channa / Tocker, Joel / Brown, James R

Communications biology

2021 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 288

Abstract: Metabolites produced in the human gut are known modulators of host immunity. However, large-scale identification of metabolite-host receptor interactions remains a daunting challenge. Here, we employed computational approaches to identify 983 potential ... ...

Abstract	Metabolites produced in the human gut are known modulators of host immunity. However, large-scale identification of metabolite-host receptor interactions remains a daunting challenge. Here, we employed computational approaches to identify 983 potential metabolite-target interactions using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) cohort dataset of the Human Microbiome Project 2 (HMP2). Using a consensus of multiple machine learning methods, we ranked metabolites based on importance to IBD, followed by virtual ligand-based screening to identify possible human targets and adding evidence from compound assay, differential gene expression, pathway enrichment, and genome-wide association studies. We confirmed known metabolite-target pairs such as nicotinic acid-GPR109a or linoleoyl ethanolamide-GPR119 and inferred interactions of interest including oleanolic acid-GABRG2 and alpha-CEHC-THRB. Eleven metabolites were tested for bioactivity in vitro using human primary cell-types. By expanding the universe of possible microbial metabolite-host protein interactions, we provide multiple drug targets for potential immune-therapies.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Bacteria/immunology ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Data Mining ; Databases, Factual ; Drug Discovery ; Gastrointestinal Agents/pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology ; Ligands ; Machine Learning ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Protein Interaction Maps ; Signal Transduction ; Transcriptome
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Gastrointestinal Agents ; Ligands
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2399-3642
ISSN (online)	2399-3642
DOI	10.1038/s42003-021-01822-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: TARGET: A Randomized, Noninferiority Trial of a Pretest, Patient-Driven Genetic Education Webtool Versus Genetic Counseling for Prostate Cancer Germline Testing.

JCO precision oncology

2024 Volume 8, Page(s) e2300552

Abstract: Purpose: Germline genetic testing (GT) is important for prostate cancer (PCA) management, clinical trial eligibility, and hereditary cancer risk. However, GT is underutilized and there is a shortage of genetic counselors. To address these gaps, a ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Germline genetic testing (GT) is important for prostate cancer (PCA) management, clinical trial eligibility, and hereditary cancer risk. However, GT is underutilized and there is a shortage of genetic counselors. To address these gaps, a patient-driven, pretest genetic education webtool was designed and studied compared with traditional genetic counseling (GC) to inform strategies for expanding access to genetic services. Methods: Technology-enhanced acceleration of germline evaluation for therapy (TARGET) was a multicenter, noninferiority, randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04447703) comparing a nine-module patient-driven genetic education webtool versus pretest GC. Participants completed surveys measuring decisional conflict, satisfaction, and attitudes toward GT at baseline, after pretest education/counseling, and after GT result disclosure. The primary end point was noninferiority in reducing decisional conflict between webtool and GC using the validated Decisional Conflict Scale. Mixed-effects regression modeling was used to compare decisional conflict between groups. Participants opting for GT received a 51-gene panel, with results delivered to participants and their providers. Results: The analytic data set includes primary outcome data from 315 participants (GC [n = 162] and webtool [n = 153]). Mean difference in decisional conflict score changes between groups was -0.04 (one-sided 95% CI, -∞ to 2.54; Conclusion: The results of the TARGET study support the use of patient-driven digital webtools for expanding access to pretest genetic education for PCA GT. Further studies to optimize patient experience and evaluate them in diverse patient populations are warranted.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Genetic Counseling/methods ; Genetic Testing ; Germ Cells ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics ; Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Equivalence Trial ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ISSN	2473-4284
ISSN (online)	2473-4284
DOI	10.1200/PO.23.00552
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Article ; Online: Ultra-low-level measurements of airborne fission products from the Fukushima Daiichi reactor accident using high volume collection systems at Savannah River National Laboratory.

Cadieux, James R / Fallin, Brent / Brant, Heather A / Brown, Timothy B / Buckley, Robert L / Hall, Gregory / King, George S / Swindle, Ashlee

Journal of environmental radioactivity

2022 Volume 257, Page(s) 107075

Abstract: Ultra-low-level measurements of radionuclides in air have been conducted at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) to determine the atmospheric concentration of fission products released following the Fukushima Daiichi reactor accident on March 11, ...

Abstract	Ultra-low-level measurements of radionuclides in air have been conducted at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) to determine the atmospheric concentration of fission products released following the Fukushima Daiichi reactor accident on March 11, 2011. Air filter samples were acquired from two high-volume collection systems (a traditional filter-based system and an electrostatic precipitator-based system) to monitor airborne radionuclide concentrations in the period covering from 2 weeks to 3 years after the disaster. The world-wide spread of low-level concentrations of airborne fission products from the Fukushima event provided a unique opportunity to demonstrate SRNL's electrostatic particle collection technology and other improvements in environmental monitoring developed at the Savannah River Site (SRS). Detecting and analyzing the release allowed a comprehensive test of SRS systems for monitoring environmental radioactivity. Gamma-ray-emitting fission products (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1483112-0
ISSN	1879-1700 ; 0265-931X
ISSN (online)	1879-1700
ISSN	0265-931X
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107075
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