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  1. Article ; Online: Mouthwashes: Implications for Practice.

    Brookes, Zoë L S / McCullough, Michael / Kumar, Purnima / McGrath, Colman

    International dental journal

    2023  Volume 73 Suppl 2, Page(s) S98–S101

    Abstract: This is the concluding article in the supplement on the role of mouthwashes in oral care, which summarises the current guidelines across the globe regarding their acceptable adjunctive use for managing caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. Based ... ...

    Abstract This is the concluding article in the supplement on the role of mouthwashes in oral care, which summarises the current guidelines across the globe regarding their acceptable adjunctive use for managing caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. Based on moderate evidence for clinical effectiveness, most current guidelines suggest fluoride mouthwashes for the management of dental caries, and chlorhexidine for the management of periodontal diseases. However there still appears to be gaps in the literature underpinning these recommendations. Importantly, all evidence supports such mouthwash use "adjunctively," alongside mechanical oral hygiene measures. Other antimicrobial mouthwashes such as essential oils and cetylpyridinium chloride may also be clinically effective against plaque and gingivitis, but there is a current lack of robust evidence of natural mouthwashes to recommend their adjunctive use. The authors of the current review are of the view that mouthwashes may not be of much value in those with good periodontal health or low caries risk. The reasons for this are, the potential i) risks of allergic reactions, ii) dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, iii) emergence of antimicrobial resistance, and iv) deleterious effects on the environment. There is, however, much empirical research needed on mouthwashes, particularly in vivo research derived through clinical trials. Thus, dental practitioners need to keep abreast of the evidence base on the current, and the emerging, over-the-counter mouthwashes, and pay heed to the consensus views emanating from systematic reviews, as well as international guidelines on mouthwashes.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mouthwashes/therapeutic use ; Dental Caries/prevention & control ; Dental Caries/drug therapy ; Dentists ; Professional Role ; Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use ; Gingivitis/prevention & control ; Gingivitis/drug therapy ; Periodontal Diseases ; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Mouthwashes ; Chlorhexidine (R4KO0DY52L) ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218262-2
    ISSN 1875-595X ; 0020-6539
    ISSN (online) 1875-595X
    ISSN 0020-6539
    DOI 10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Current uses of chlorhexidine for management of oral disease: a narrative review.

    Brookes, Zoë L S / Bescos, Raul / Belfield, Louise A / Ali, Kamran / Roberts, Anthony

    Journal of dentistry

    2020  Volume 103, Page(s) 103497

    Abstract: Objectives: Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a commonly used antiseptic mouthwash, used by dental practitioners and the public, due to its antimicrobial effects. The aim of this article was to provide a narrative review of current antimicrobial uses of CHX ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a commonly used antiseptic mouthwash, used by dental practitioners and the public, due to its antimicrobial effects. The aim of this article was to provide a narrative review of current antimicrobial uses of CHX relevant to dentistry in the context of oral diseases, highlighting need for further studies to support its safe and appropriate use.
    Study selection, data and sources: Randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews and national (UK and US) guidelines were consulted where available, with search terms for each subject category entered into MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane database.
    Results: Some evidence existed to support adjunctive short-term use of CHX to manage dental plaque, and reduce clinical symptoms of gingivitis, dry socket, as well as reduce aerosolisation of bacteria. However, use must be weighed alongside the less desirable effects of CHX, including extrinsic staining of teeth, antimicrobial resistance to antiseptic agents and the rare, but fatal, allergic reactions to CHX. Conversely, evidence for the effectiveness of chlorhexidine to manage or prevent periodontitis, dental caries, necrotising periodontal diseases, peri-implantitis, and infections associated with extraction and aerosolised viruses remains less certain.
    Conclusions: The use of CHX in dentistry and oral healthcare continues to be widespread and thus it is important that dental practitioners understand that, based on its differential mechanisms of action on different microbes, appropriate clinical and dental use of CHX should be oral disease specific. However, further scientific and clinical research is required before full recommendations can be made.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use ; Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use ; Dental Caries ; Dentists ; Humans ; Mouthwashes/therapeutic use ; Professional Role
    Chemical Substances Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; Mouthwashes ; Chlorhexidine (R4KO0DY52L)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 186068-9
    ISSN 1879-176X ; 0300-5712
    ISSN (online) 1879-176X
    ISSN 0300-5712
    DOI 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103497
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral microbiome.

    Brookes, Zoë L S / Belfield, Louise A / Ashworth, Ann / Casas-Agustench, Patricia / Raja, Mahwish / Pollard, Alexander J / Bescos, Raul

    Journal of dentistry

    2021  Volume 113, Page(s) 103768

    Abstract: Introduction/objectives: Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a commonly used mouthwash with potent anti-microbial effects useful for the management of oral disease. However, we are moving away from the view of simply 'killing' bacteria, towards managing oral ... ...

    Abstract Introduction/objectives: Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a commonly used mouthwash with potent anti-microbial effects useful for the management of oral disease. However, we are moving away from the view of simply 'killing' bacteria, towards managing oral microbial ecosystems (oral microbiome), as an integrated system, to promote oral and systemic health. Here, we aimed to review the effects of CHX mouthwash on the balance of microbial communities in the mouth in vivo in oral health and disease.
    Sources and study section: The hierarchy of evidence was applied, with systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials consulted where available and case controlled studies being described thereafter. Search terms for each subject category were entered into MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane database. Focussing on metagenomics studies provides unique overview of the oral microbiome as an integrated system.
    Data: Evidence was limited, but several next generation sequencing case-controlled studies suggested that in an integrated system, CHX may cause a shift towards lower bacterial diversity and abundance, in particular nitrate-reducing bacteria in vivo. CHX also appeared to alter salivary pH, lactate, nitrate and nitrite concentrations in saliva. Evidence regarding the effects of CHX on the oral microbiome during oral disease is still emerging.
    Conclusions: CHX alters the composition the oral microbiome. However, as CHX use remains widespread in dentistry to manage oral disease, urgent research using metagenomics studies of microbial communities in vivo are still needed to determine CHX mouthwash is 'good', 'bad' or otherwise for bacteria, in the context of oral and systemic health.
    MeSH term(s) Chlorhexidine/pharmacology ; Microbiota ; Mouth ; Mouthwashes ; Nitrates
    Chemical Substances Mouthwashes ; Nitrates ; Chlorhexidine (R4KO0DY52L)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 186068-9
    ISSN 1879-176X ; 0300-5712
    ISSN (online) 1879-176X
    ISSN 0300-5712
    DOI 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103768
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Blended learning in undergraduate dental education: a global pilot study.

    Ali, Kamran / Alhaija, E S A / Raja, Mahwish / Zahra, Daniel / Brookes, Zoe L / McColl, Ewen / Zafar, Sobia / Kirnbauer, Barbara / Al Wahadni, Ahed M / Al-Fodeh, Rami S / Bani-Hani, Thikrayat Ghazi / Daher, Saba O / Daher, Hasan O

    Medical education online

    2023  Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 2171700

    Abstract: Aims: To explore the global trends in blended learning in undergraduate dental education during the COVID pandemic and during the recovery phase by engaging with the students and faculty and evaluate the implications for dental education in the post- ... ...

    Abstract Aims: To explore the global trends in blended learning in undergraduate dental education during the COVID pandemic and during the recovery phase by engaging with the students and faculty and evaluate the implications for dental education in the post-COVID era.
    Methods: It was a pilot cross-sectional study which employed a convenience sampling technique to recruit representatives of dental faculty and undergraduate students in 80 dental institutions globally. A previously validated questionnaire consisting of a combination of closed and open-ended items was used for data collection. Responses to these online questionnaires were processed and analysed using the R statistical computing environment.
    Results: A total of 320 dental students and 169 faculty members from 47 different dental institutions participated in the study. Video and Live Online Tutorials were considered to be the most effective method of online learning followed by online question banks by both groups. Significant differences were noted between faculty and students regarding time spent and effectiveness of online teaching and learning, respectively, both before and after the start of COVID. The results highlight the faculty need to engage more closely with the students to address their learning needs. Finally, the participants provided several recommendations regarding the future development of teaching and learning strategies as well as assessments in the post-pandemic era.
    Conclusions: This is the first study which explores blended learning in dental education with participants from multiple institutions in different regions of the globe. Compared to the faculty, students considered online learning to be less interactive and preferred learning activities and all assessments to be delivered face-to-face. The results underscore the need to adapt teaching practices to suit the learning needs of the students.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pilot Projects ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Curriculum ; COVID-19 ; Students ; Education, Distance ; Education, Dental/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052877-2
    ISSN 1087-2981 ; 1087-2981
    ISSN (online) 1087-2981
    ISSN 1087-2981
    DOI 10.1080/10872981.2023.2171700
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Blended learning in undergraduate dental education

    Kamran Ali / E. S. A. Alhaija / Mahwish Raja / Daniel Zahra / Zoe L Brookes / Ewen McColl / Sobia Zafar / Barbara Kirnbauer / Ahed M. Al Wahadni / Rami S. Al-Fodeh / Thikrayat Ghazi Bani-Hani / Saba O Daher / Hasan O Daher

    Medical Education Online, Vol 28, Iss

    a global pilot study

    2023  Volume 1

    Abstract: ABSTRACTAims To explore the global trends in blended learning in undergraduate dental education during the COVID pandemic and during the recovery phase by engaging with the students and faculty and evaluate the implications for dental education in the ... ...

    Abstract ABSTRACTAims To explore the global trends in blended learning in undergraduate dental education during the COVID pandemic and during the recovery phase by engaging with the students and faculty and evaluate the implications for dental education in the post-COVID era.Methods It was a pilot cross-sectional study which employed a convenience sampling technique to recruit representatives of dental faculty and undergraduate students in 80 dental institutions globally. A previously validated questionnaire consisting of a combination of closed and open-ended items was used for data collection. Responses to these online questionnaires were processed and analysed using the R statistical computing environment.Results A total of 320 dental students and 169 faculty members from 47 different dental institutions participated in the study. Video and Live Online Tutorials were considered to be the most effective method of online learning followed by online question banks by both groups. Significant differences were noted between faculty and students regarding time spent and effectiveness of online teaching and learning, respectively, both before and after the start of COVID. The results highlight the faculty need to engage more closely with the students to address their learning needs. Finally, the participants provided several recommendations regarding the future development of teaching and learning strategies as well as assessments in the post-pandemic era.Conclusions This is the first study which explores blended learning in dental education with participants from multiple institutions in different regions of the globe. Compared to the faculty, students considered online learning to be less interactive and preferred learning activities and all assessments to be delivered face-to-face. The results underscore the need to adapt teaching practices to suit the learning needs of the students.
    Keywords Dental ; blended learning ; students ; online ; undergraduate education ; Special aspects of education ; LC8-6691 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 370
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Taylor & Francis Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article: Modulation of oral microbiota: A new frontier in exercise supplementation

    Bescos, Raul / Brookes, Zoe L.S / Belfield, Louise A / Fernandez-Sanjurjo, Manuel / Casas-Agustench, Patricia

    PharmaNutrition. 2020 Dec., v. 14

    2020  

    Abstract: Research on the human microbiome has flourished over the last decade due to the essential role that bacterial communities have in host physiology and health. Recent studies have indicated that exercise is an important modulator of the composition and ... ...

    Abstract Research on the human microbiome has flourished over the last decade due to the essential role that bacterial communities have in host physiology and health. Recent studies have indicated that exercise is an important modulator of the composition and activity of the gut microbiome. However, microbiota is present throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract, the oral cavity being the first place where a large community of microorganisms is found. Recent evidence has established the first link between the oral microbiome and the physiological response to exercise, which opens a new way to explore host-microbiota interactions. The oral cavity is essential for many physiological processes such as food digestion, the sensory experience of eating and palatability and immunity. Within the oral cavity, saliva is a key element for regulating all these functions as well as to protect the oral environment providing a lubricating mucoid secretion with organic and inorganic constituents. Here, we review what is known about the potential link between exercise and the oral microbiome including its role in oral health. We also discuss the effect of diet and the impact of pre and probiotics on the oral microbiome and their potential ergogenic effect.
    Keywords diet ; digestion ; digestive tract ; exercise ; humans ; immunity ; intestinal microorganisms ; microbiome ; mouth ; oral health ; palatability ; physiological response ; probiotics ; saliva ; secretion
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-12
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ISSN 2213-4344
    DOI 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100230
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Atorvastatin reduces endotoxin-induced microvascular inflammation via NOSII.

    McGown, Caroline C / Brookes, Zoë L S / Hellewell, Paul G / Ross, Jonathan J / Brown, Nicola J

    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology

    2015  Volume 388, Issue 5, Page(s) 557–564

    Abstract: ... h(-1)) or LPS + atorvastatin (200 μg kg(-1) s.c., 18 and 3 h before LPS), with/without the non ... specific NOS inhibitor L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) (10 μg kg(-1) h(-1)) or NOSII-specific ...

    Abstract In a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model of sepsis (endotoxaemia), we previously demonstrated that pravastatin reduced microvascular inflammation via increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase III (NOSIII). This study aimed to determine whether atorvastatin, the most commonly used statin for lowering cholesterol, exerted beneficial pleiotropic effects via a similar mechanism. The mesenteric microcirculation of anaesthetised male Wistar rats (308 ± 63 g, n = 54) was prepared for fluorescent intravital microscopy. Over 4 h, animals received intravenous (i.v.) administration of either saline, LPS (150 μg kg(-1) h(-1)) or LPS + atorvastatin (200 μg kg(-1) s.c., 18 and 3 h before LPS), with/without the non-specific NOS inhibitor L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) (10 μg kg(-1) h(-1)) or NOSII-specific inhibitor 1400 W (20 μg kg(-1) min(-1)). LPS decreased mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (4 h, control 113 ± 20 mmHg; LPS 70 ± 23 mmHg), being reversed by atorvastatin (105 ± 3 mmHg) (p < 0.05). LPS also increased macromolecular leak measured after 100 mg kg(-1) of i.v FITC-BSA (arbitrary grey level adjacent to venules), which again was attenuated by atorvastatin (control 1.9 ± 4.0; LPS 12.0 ± 2.4; LPS + atorvastatin 4.5 ± 2.2) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, immunohistochemistry identified that atorvastatin decreased LPS-induced upregulation of endothelial cell NOSII expression, but NOSIII was unchanged in all groups. Atorvastatin improved MAP and reduced microvascular inflammation during endotoxaemia, associated with a reduction of pro-inflammatory NOSII. This differs from previous studies, whereby pravastatin increased expression of NOSIII. Thus preoperative statins have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects during endotoxaemia, but careful consideration must be given to the specific statin being used.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use ; Atorvastatin Calcium/administration & dosage ; Atorvastatin Calcium/therapeutic use ; Capillary Permeability/drug effects ; Cell Adhesion/drug effects ; Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects ; Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology ; Endotoxemia/complications ; Endotoxemia/enzymology ; Endotoxemia/physiopathology ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Intravital Microscopy ; Leukocytes/enzymology ; Leukocytes/physiology ; Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity ; Male ; Microcirculation/drug effects ; Microvessels/drug effects ; Microvessels/enzymology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism ; Rats, Wistar ; Vasculitis/chemically induced ; Vasculitis/enzymology ; Vasculitis/physiopathology ; Vasculitis/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Atorvastatin Calcium (48A5M73Z4Q) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (EC 1.14.13.39) ; Nos2 protein, rat (EC 1.14.13.39)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-05
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 121471-8
    ISSN 1432-1912 ; 0028-1298
    ISSN (online) 1432-1912
    ISSN 0028-1298
    DOI 10.1007/s00210-015-1100-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on the extrasplenic microvasculature and lymphatics in the rat in vivo.

    Brookes, Zoë L S / Kaufman, Susan

    The Journal of physiology

    2005  Volume 565, Issue Pt 1, Page(s) 269–277

    Abstract: ... of the splenic arterioles after 15 min (-7.2 +/- 6.6% from baseline diameter of 96 +/- 18.3 microm, mean +/- S.E.M.) and ...

    Abstract We developed a novel model using fluorescent intravital microscopy to study the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the extrasplenic microcirculation. Continuous infusion of ANP into the splenic artery (10 ng min(-1) for 60 min) of male Long-Evans rats (220-250 g, n = 24) induced constriction of the splenic arterioles after 15 min (-7.2 +/- 6.6% from baseline diameter of 96 +/- 18.3 microm, mean +/- S.E.M.) and venules (-14.4 +/- 4.0% from 249 +/- 25.8 microm; P < 0.05). At the same time flow did not change in the arterioles (from 1.58 +/- 0.34 to 1.27 +/- 0.27 ml min(-1)), although it decreased in venules (from 1.67 +/- 0.23 to 1.15 +/- 0.20 ml min(-1)) and increased in the lymphatics (from 0.007 +/- 0.001 to 0.034 +/- 0.008 ml min(-1); P < 0.05). There was no significant change in mean arterial pressure (from 118 +/- 5 to 112 +/- 5 mmHg). After continuous ANP infusion for 60 min, the arterioles were dilated (108 +/- 16 microm, P < 0.05) but the venules remained constricted (223 +/- 24 microm). Blood flow decreased in both arterioles (0.76 +/- 0.12 ml min(-1)) and venules (1.03 +/- 0.18 ml min(-1); P < 0.05), but was now unchanged from baseline in the lymphatics (0.01 +/- 0.001 ml min(-1)). This was accompanied by a significant decrease in MAP (104 +/- 5 mmHg; P < 0.05). At 60 min, there was macromolecular leak from the lymphatics, as indicated by increased interstitial fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin fluorescence (grey level: 0 = black; 255 = white; from 55.8 +/- 7.6 to 71.8 +/- 5.9, P < 0.05). This study confirms our previous proposition that, in the extrasplenic microcirculation, ANP causes greater increases in post- than precapillary resistance, thus increasing intrasplenic capillary hydrostatic pressure (P(c)) and fluid efflux into the lymphatic system. Longer-term infusion of ANP also increases Pc, but this is accompanied by increased 'permeability' of the extrasplenic lymphatics, such that fluid is lost to perivascular third spaces.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/metabolism ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/pharmacology ; Blood Flow Velocity/drug effects ; Blood Flow Velocity/physiology ; Lymphatic Vessels/cytology ; Lymphatic Vessels/drug effects ; Lymphatic Vessels/metabolism ; Male ; Microcirculation/cytology ; Microcirculation/drug effects ; Microcirculation/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Spleen/blood supply ; Spleen/cytology ; Spleen/drug effects ; Spleen/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Atrial Natriuretic Factor (85637-73-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-05-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3115-x
    ISSN 1469-7793 ; 0022-3751
    ISSN (online) 1469-7793
    ISSN 0022-3751
    DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.083147
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Evaluation of fluorescent plasma markers for in vivo microscopy of the microcirculation.

    Reeves, Kimberley J / Brookes, Zoë L S / Reed, Malcolm W R / Brown, Nicola J

    Journal of vascular research

    2012  Volume 49, Issue 2, Page(s) 132–143

    Abstract: This study evaluated four fluorescent-protein conjugates to monitor microcirculatory variables using the murine cremaster muscle and determined acute and long-term responses to repeated administration of FITC-BSA [conjugated at the University of ... ...

    Abstract This study evaluated four fluorescent-protein conjugates to monitor microcirculatory variables using the murine cremaster muscle and determined acute and long-term responses to repeated administration of FITC-BSA [conjugated at the University of Sheffield (UoS)] within a dorsal microcirculatory chamber (DMC) in rats. For analysis of the cremaster muscle, male C3H/HeN mice were anaesthetized, the cremaster muscle was exteriorized, then TRITC-BSA, TRITC-dextran, FITC-BSA, FITC-BSA (UoS) or FITC-dextran (0.25 ml/100 g) were administered systemically. The microcirculation was viewed with epi-illumination every 10 min for 120 min. For analysis of the DMC, male Wistar rats were implanted with the chamber. Three weeks later, FITC-BSA (UoS) was administered systemically, and the microcirculation response was monitored using three different protocols. In addition, in vitro stability of fluorescent conjugates was measured over 8 h. With regard to the cremaster muscle, initially no differences in interstitial fluorescence or vessel diameter were observed between the four fluorescent conjugates. By the end of the study, interstitial fluorescence from TRITC-dextran, FITC-dextran and FITC-BSA (Sigma) was significantly (p < 0.05) increased compared to FITC-BSA (UoS). With regard to the DMC, there was no interstitial fluorescence leakage after 180 min or 5 weeks despite repeated administration, but a significant (p < 0.05) leak was detected between 4 and 24 h. FITC-BSA (UoS) was the most stable fluorescent conjugate both in vitro and in vivo and was comparable with other conjugates for evaluating skeletal muscle microcirculation using fluorescent in vivo microscopy.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Dextrans ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate/analogs & derivatives ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Microcirculation/physiology ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods ; Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rhodamines ; Serum Albumin, Bovine
    Chemical Substances Dextrans ; Rhodamines ; fluorescein isothiocyanate bovine serum albumin ; fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran ; Serum Albumin, Bovine (27432CM55Q) ; tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (4158-89-8) ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (I223NX31W9)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1105259-4
    ISSN 1423-0135 ; 1018-1172
    ISSN (online) 1423-0135
    ISSN 1018-1172
    DOI 10.1159/000331281
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: A Novel, Robust, and Portable Platform for Magnetoencephalography using Optically Pumped Magnetometers.

    Schofield, Holly / Hill, Ryan M / Feys, Odile / Holmes, Niall / Osborne, James / Doyle, Cody / Bobela, David / Corvilian, Pierre / Wens, Vincent / Rier, Lukas / Bowtell, Richard / Ferez, Maxime / Mullinger, Karen J / Coleman, Sebastian / Rhodes, Natalie / Rea, Molly / Tanner, Zoe / Boto, Elena / de Tiège, Xavier /
    Shah, Vishal / Brookes, Matthew J

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures brain function via assessment of magnetic fields generated by neural currents. Conventional MEG uses superconducting sensors, which place significant limitations on performance, practicality, and deployment; however, ...

    Abstract Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures brain function via assessment of magnetic fields generated by neural currents. Conventional MEG uses superconducting sensors, which place significant limitations on performance, practicality, and deployment; however, the field has been revolutionised in recent years by the introduction of optically-pumped-magnetometers (OPMs). OPMs enable measurement of the MEG signal without cryogenics, and consequently the conception of 'OPM-MEG' systems which ostensibly allow increased sensitivity and resolution, lifespan compliance, free subject movement, and lower cost. However, OPM-MEG remains in its infancy with limitations on both sensor and system design. Here, we report a new OPM-MEG design with miniaturised and integrated electronic control, a high level of portability, and improved sensor dynamic range (arguably the biggest limitation of existing instrumentation). We show that this system produces equivalent measures when compared to an established instrument; specifically, when measuring task-induced beta-band, gamma-band and evoked neuro-electrical responses, source localisations from the two systems were highly comparable and temporal correlation was >0.7 at the individual level and >0.9 for groups. Using an electromagnetic phantom, we demonstrate improved dynamic range by running the system in background fields up to 8 nT. We show that the system is effective in gathering data during free movement (including a sitting-to-standing paradigm) and that it is compatible with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG - the clinical standard). Finally, we demonstrate portability by moving the system between two laboratories. Overall, our new system is shown to be a significant step forward for OPM-MEG technology and offers an attractive platform for next generation functional medical imaging.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.03.06.583313
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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