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  1. Article ; Online: Structural Biology and the Design of New Therapeutics: From HIV and Cancer to Mycobacterial Infections: A Paper Dedicated to John Kendrew.

    Thomas, Sherine E / Mendes, Vitor / Kim, So Yeon / Malhotra, Sony / Ochoa-Montaño, Bernardo / Blaszczyk, Michal / Blundell, Tom L

    Journal of molecular biology

    2017  Volume 429, Issue 17, Page(s) 2677–2693

    Abstract: ... resolution structures emerged in the 50s and 60s. In Cambridge, Max Perutz and John Kendrew sought ...

    Abstract Interest in applications of protein crystallography to medicine was evident, as the first high-resolution structures emerged in the 50s and 60s. In Cambridge, Max Perutz and John Kendrew sought to understand mutations in sickle cell and other genetic diseases related to hemoglobin, while in Oxford, the group of Dorothy Hodgkin became interested in long-lasting zinc-insulin crystals for treatment of diabetes and later considered insulin redesign, as synthetic insulins became possible. The use of protein crystallography in structure-guided drug discovery emerged as enzyme structures allowed the identification of potential inhibitor-binding sites and optimization of interactions of hits using the structure of the target protein. Early examples of this approach were the use of the structure of renin to design antihypertensives and the structure of HIV protease in design of AIDS antivirals. More recently, use of structure-guided design with fragment-based drug discovery, which reduces the size of screening libraries by decreasing complexity, has improved ligand efficiency in drug design and has been used to progress three oncology drugs through clinical trials to FDA approval. We exemplify current developments in structure-guided target identification and fragment-based lead discovery with efforts to develop new antimicrobials for mycobacterial infections.
    MeSH term(s) Crystallography, X-Ray/methods ; Drug Discovery/history ; Drug Discovery/methods ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Proteins/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-06-23
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80229-3
    ISSN 1089-8638 ; 0022-2836
    ISSN (online) 1089-8638
    ISSN 0022-2836
    DOI 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.06.014
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book: Satiation, satiety and the control of food intake

    Blundell, John E.

    theory and practice

    (Woodhead publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition ; 257)

    2013  

    Author's details ed. by John E. Blundell
    Series title Woodhead publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition ; 257
    Collection
    Language English
    Size XXV, 407 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Woodhead Publ
    Publishing place Oxford u.a.
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT017730928
    ISBN 978-0-85709-543-5 ; 9780857098719 ; 0-85709-543-9 ; 0857098713
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  3. Article ; Online: The importance of fat-free mass and constituent tissue-organs in the control of human appetite.

    Hopkins, Mark / Blundell, John E

    Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 5, Page(s) 417–422

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Traditional models of human appetite focus on the contribution of adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract, both of which exert mainly inhibitory influences. The purpose of this review is to consider the biological factors that ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Traditional models of human appetite focus on the contribution of adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract, both of which exert mainly inhibitory influences. The purpose of this review is to consider the biological factors that influence the drive to eat.
    Recent findings: Fat-free mass is positively associated with objectively measured meal size and daily energy intake. These findings have been replicated in multiple populations across the life-course in laboratory and free-living studies. Studies have shown that the effect of fat-free mass is statistically mediated by resting metabolic rate, suggesting that energy expenditure per se may influence energy intake. A recent MRI study has reported that fasting hunger was associated with high metabolic rate organ (heart, liver, brain, kidneys) and skeletal muscle mass. Integrating measures of body composition at the tissue-organ level and markers of their metabolic function with appetitive measures could provide novel insight into the mechanisms that influence appetite.
    Summary: These recent findings suggest that fat-free mass and resting metabolic rate are determinants of energy intake. Consideration of fat-free mass and energy expenditure as physiological sources of appetitive signals helps reconcile the mechanisms underpinning the inhibition of eating with those that drive eating.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Appetite/physiology ; Energy Intake/physiology ; Hunger ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Basal Metabolism/physiology ; Body Composition/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1460178-3
    ISSN 1473-6519 ; 1363-1950
    ISSN (online) 1473-6519
    ISSN 1363-1950
    DOI 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000965
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The complex pattern of the effects of prolonged frequent exercise on appetite control, and implications for obesity.

    Blundell, John E / Beaulieu, Kristine

    Appetite

    2023  Volume 183, Page(s) 106482

    Abstract: From a public health perspective, much of the interest in the relationship between exercise and appetite rests on the implications for energy balance and obesity. Energy balance reflects a dynamic 2-way interaction between energy expenditure (EE) and ... ...

    Abstract From a public health perspective, much of the interest in the relationship between exercise and appetite rests on the implications for energy balance and obesity. Energy balance reflects a dynamic 2-way interaction between energy expenditure (EE) and energy intake (EI). Physical activity and exercise, and appetite are the behavioural components of EE and EI, respectively. Beyond EE, exercise is a powerful and complex physiological stimulus acting on several bodily systems. There are multiple effects of frequent and prolonged exercise on appetite which include inter alia an increase in fasting hunger, an enhancement of post-prandial satiety, a modulation of the hedonic responses to food and improvements in eating behaviour traits. These lead to variable adjustments in EI and in a reduction in the susceptibility to overconsumption. Frequent and prolonged physical activity and exercise behaviour can strengthen and sensitise the appetite control system, whilst physical inactivity and sedentariness (low level of EE) fails to downregulate EI and can permit overconsumption. Not all of the effects of exercise operate uniformly to drive appetite in the same direction. The complexity of the interaction between EE and EI means that the effects of prolonged exercise are characterised by substantial individual heterogeneity. This leads to variable effects on energy balance and body mass.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Appetite/physiology ; Appetite Regulation ; Obesity ; Satiation/physiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Energy Intake/physiology ; Energy Metabolism/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1461347-5
    ISSN 1095-8304 ; 0195-6663
    ISSN (online) 1095-8304
    ISSN 0195-6663
    DOI 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106482
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The complex pattern of the effects of prolonged frequent exercise on appetite control, and implications for obesity

    Blundell, John E. / Beaulieu, Kristine

    Appetite. 2023 Apr., v. 183 p.106482-

    2023  

    Abstract: From a public health perspective, much of the interest in the relationship between exercise and appetite rests on the implications for energy balance and obesity. Energy balance reflects a dynamic 2-way interaction between energy expenditure (EE) and ... ...

    Abstract From a public health perspective, much of the interest in the relationship between exercise and appetite rests on the implications for energy balance and obesity. Energy balance reflects a dynamic 2-way interaction between energy expenditure (EE) and energy intake (EI). Physical activity and exercise, and appetite are the behavioural components of EE and EI, respectively. Beyond EE, exercise is a powerful and complex physiological stimulus acting on several bodily systems. There are multiple effects of frequent and prolonged exercise on appetite which include inter alia an increase in fasting hunger, an enhancement of post-prandial satiety, a modulation of the hedonic responses to food and improvements in eating behaviour traits. These lead to variable adjustments in EI and in a reduction in the susceptibility to overconsumption. Frequent and prolonged physical activity and exercise behaviour can strengthen and sensitise the appetite control system, whilst physical inactivity and sedentariness (low level of EE) fails to downregulate EI and can permit overconsumption. Not all of the effects of exercise operate uniformly to drive appetite in the same direction. The complexity of the interaction between EE and EI means that the effects of prolonged exercise are characterised by substantial individual heterogeneity. This leads to variable effects on energy balance and body mass.
    Keywords energy expenditure ; energy intake ; exercise ; hunger ; obesity ; public health ; satiety ; Physical activity ; Appetite control ; Energy balance
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-04
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 764440-1
    ISSN 0195-6663
    ISSN 0195-6663
    DOI 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106482
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Striking a balance: Orexigenic and energy-consuming effects of energy expenditure on body weight.

    Hopkins, Mark / Blundell, John E

    Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

    2022  Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 575–576

    MeSH term(s) Body Weight ; Energy Metabolism ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2230457-5
    ISSN 1930-739X ; 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
    ISSN (online) 1930-739X
    ISSN 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
    DOI 10.1002/oby.23393
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Behaviour, energy balance, obesity and capitalism.

    Blundell, John

    European journal of clinical nutrition

    2018  Volume 72, Issue 9, Page(s) 1305–1309

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Capitalism ; Child ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Obesity/physiopathology ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639358-5
    ISSN 1476-5640 ; 0954-3007
    ISSN (online) 1476-5640
    ISSN 0954-3007
    DOI 10.1038/s41430-018-0231-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Low-calorie sweeteners: more complicated than sweetness without calories.

    Blundell, John E

    The American journal of clinical nutrition

    2019  Volume 109, Issue 5, Page(s) 1237–1238

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Body Weight ; Humans ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Sucrose ; Sweetening Agents
    Chemical Substances Sweetening Agents ; Sucrose (57-50-1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 280048-2
    ISSN 1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
    ISSN (online) 1938-3207
    ISSN 0002-9165
    DOI 10.1093/ajcn/nqz015
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Fat-free mass and resting metabolic rate are determinants of energy intake: implications for a theory of appetite control.

    Hopkins, Mark / Gibbons, Catherine / Blundell, John

    Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

    2023  Volume 378, Issue 1885, Page(s) 20220213

    Abstract: Any explanation of appetite control should contain a description of physiological processes that could contribute a drive to eat alongside those that inhibit eating. However, such an undertaking was largely neglected until 15 years ago when a series of ... ...

    Abstract Any explanation of appetite control should contain a description of physiological processes that could contribute a drive to eat alongside those that inhibit eating. However, such an undertaking was largely neglected until 15 years ago when a series of independent research programmes investigated the physiological roles of body composition and appetite. These outcomes demonstrated that fat-free mass (FFM), but not fat mass, was positively associated with objectively measured meal size and energy intake (EI). These findings have been accompanied by demonstrations that resting metabolic rate (RMR) is also positively associated with EI, with the influence of FFM largely mediated by RMR. These findings re-introduce the role of drive into models of appetite control and indicate how this can be integrated with processes of inhibition. The determinants of EI fit into an evolutionary perspective in which the energy demands of high metabolic rate organs and skeletal tissue constitute a need state underlying a tonic drive to eat. This approach should lead to the development of integrated models of appetite that include components of body composition (FFM) and energy expenditure (RMR) as tonic biological signals of appetite alongside other traditional tonic (adipose tissue derived) and episodic signals (gastrointestinal tract derived). This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part I)'.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Basal Metabolism/physiology ; Appetite ; Energy Intake/physiology ; Appetite Regulation ; Obesity ; Energy Metabolism/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 208382-6
    ISSN 1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    ISSN (online) 1471-2970
    ISSN 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    DOI 10.1098/rstb.2022.0213
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: The first resolution revolution in protein structure analysis: X-ray diffraction of polypeptide conformations and globular protein folds in 1950s and 1960s.

    Blundell, Tom L

    Progress in biophysics and molecular biology

    2021  Volume 167, Page(s) 32–40

    Abstract: ... work by Max Perutz, John Kendrew and others the structures of haemoglobin and myoglobin emerged ...

    Abstract Although determination of structures of biological molecules became a real possibility after the first X-ray analyses of crystals by the William Henry Bragg and his son Lawrence in 1913, the crystal structure determination of globular proteins became a possibility only in 1934 with the demonstration of X-ray diffraction from pepsin by J D Bernal and Dorothy Crowfoot, later Hodgkin, who had realised the importance of maintaining an aqueous environment for proteins in crystals. After a further 20 years of hard work by Max Perutz, John Kendrew and others the structures of haemoglobin and myoglobin emerged. Further innovation resulted in a revolution in X-ray diffraction studies in the 1960s, which focused first on polypeptides with alpha helix, beta strand and collagen polyproline helix structures, described in a review by David Davies in 1965 in the journal Progress in Biophysics, later to become Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. It was followed in 1969 by a further detailed review by Tony North and David Phillips in the same journal on crystal structure a nalyses of globular proteins that successfully emerged soon after that of myoglobin. These included the structure of the first enzyme, lysozyme, followed by structures of chymotrypsin, trypsin, carboxypeptidase and many others. This first resolution revolution in X-ray analysis described in the two reviews is the subject of this retrospective analysis just over five decades later.
    MeSH term(s) Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hemoglobins ; Peptides ; Protein Conformation ; Retrospective Studies ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Chemical Substances Hemoglobins ; Peptides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 209302-9
    ISSN 1873-1732 ; 0079-6107
    ISSN (online) 1873-1732
    ISSN 0079-6107
    DOI 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.09.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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