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Article: Arznei hilft, Bauchfett abzubauen. Mit Rimonabant ging in vier Phase-III-Studien das Bauchfett bei adipösen Patienten deutlich zurück, berichtet Professor Luc van Gaal

Luc, van Gaal

2006 Volume 25, Issue 107, Page(s) 12

Language	German
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	604874-2
ISSN	0175-5811
Database	Current Contents Medicine

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Article ; Online: Basal metabolic rate using indirect calorimetry among individuals living with overweight or obesity: The accuracy of predictive equations for basal metabolic rate.

Van Dessel, Kristof / Verrijken, An / De Block, Christophe / Verhaegen, Ann / Peiffer, Frida / Van Gaal, Luc / De Wachter, Cindy / Dirinck, Eveline

Clinical nutrition ESPEN

2024 Volume 59, Page(s) 422–435

Abstract: Background & aims: Weight reduction programs in people with overweight or obesity can be informed by indirect calorimetry (IC) which is the gold standard to measure basal metabolic rate (BMR). Since IC is labor intensive and expensive, predictive ... ...

Abstract	Background & aims: Weight reduction programs in people with overweight or obesity can be informed by indirect calorimetry (IC) which is the gold standard to measure basal metabolic rate (BMR). Since IC is labor intensive and expensive, predictive equations are often used as an alternative. In this study the accuracy rate was assessed and bias statistics of predictive equations were compared to IC among subjects with overweight or obesity. Secondly, differences in clinical features between individuals with over-, accurate or underestimation of their BMR were evaluated. Methods: This cross sectional study included 731 subjects from the outpatient obesity clinic of the Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium. Fourteen equations were evaluated. Overestimation and underestimation was defined as >10 % and <10 % of measured BMR. Results: In the total population, mean age was 43 ± 13 years, mean BMI 35.6 ± 5.8 kg/m Conclusions: In this study, the Henry and Mifflin St. Jeor equations have the highest accuracy and lowest bias to estimate the basal metabolic rate in a Caucasian, predominantly female, population living with overweight or obesity. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and presence of metabolic syndrome were significantly different in individuals with over- or underestimation of BMR.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Overweight ; Basal Metabolism ; Body Mass Index ; Calorimetry, Indirect ; Metabolic Syndrome ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Obesity/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2405-4577
ISSN (online)	2405-4577
DOI	10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.12.024
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Drugs Affecting Body Weight, Body Fat Distribution, and Metabolic Function-Mechanisms and Possible Therapeutic or Preventive Measures: an Update.

Verhaegen, Ann A / Van Gaal, Luc F

Current obesity reports

2021 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–13

Abstract: Purpose of review: Weight gain and body fat redistribution are common side effects of many widely used drugs. We summarize recent literature on prevalence data and mechanisms associated with drug-induced body fat changes and mechanisms to prevent or ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Weight gain and body fat redistribution are common side effects of many widely used drugs. We summarize recent literature on prevalence data and mechanisms associated with drug-induced body fat changes and mechanisms to prevent or treat metabolic side effects. Recent findings: The highest prevalence of metabolic complications is seen with antipsychotics and antiretroviral drugs used in the treatment of HIV and may, at least partly, be responsible for the increased risk for co-morbid diseases such as diabetes, steatosis of the liver, and cardiovascular disease. The pathogenetic mechanisms leading to weight gain from antipsychotics are increasingly known and help to unravel the complex interaction that exists between psychopathology and metabolic complications. Although the classic lipodystrophy mainly occurred with older HIV drugs, also with the newer HIV treatment, weight gain seems to be a major side effect. Early detection of the metabolic consequences of drugs can lead to an early diagnosis of the complications and their treatment. Different medications, including the newer antidiabetics, are being studied in the therapy of drug-induced obesity. Future research should focus on identifying individuals at risk for metabolic side effects and on early markers to identify individuals with side effects so that timely treatment of metabolic complications can be initiated.
MeSH term(s)	Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects ; Animals ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/adverse effects ; Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects ; Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects ; Body Fat Distribution ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Lithium/adverse effects ; Metabolic Diseases/etiology ; Obesity ; Weight Gain/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Anti-Retroviral Agents ; Antidepressive Agents ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Lithium (9FN79X2M3F)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2162-4968
ISSN (online)	2162-4968
DOI	10.1007/s13679-020-00419-5
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Conference proceedings: Update on obesity

Van Gaal, Luc

symposium of the Belgian Association for the Study of Obesity, 11 March 1995, Brussels, Belgium

(International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders ; 19, Suppl. 3)

1995

Institution	Belgian Association for the Study of Obesity
Author's details	symposium organiser: Luc Van Gaal
Series title	International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders ; 19, Suppl. 3
Collection
Keywords	Obesity / congresses ; Fettsucht
Subject	Adipositas ; Fettleibigkeit ; Korpulenz ; Obesität ; Obesity
Language	English
Size	S65 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
Publisher	Stockton
Publishing place	Basingstoke
Publishing country	Great Britain
Document type	Book ; Conference proceedings
HBZ-ID	HT006725690
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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Zs A 1325 -19,Suppl.3-	not available for loan	Zeitschriften-Lesesaal

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Article ; Online: Efficacy and safety of high-dose glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon-like peptide-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, and glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes.

De Block, Christophe E M / Dirinck, Eveline / Verhaegen, Ann / Van Gaal, Luc F

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism

2022 Volume 24, Issue 5, Page(s) 788–805

Abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have become agents of choice for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with established cardiovascular disease or in high-risk individuals. With currently available GLP-1 RAs, 51%-79% of subjects achieve ... ...

Abstract	Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have become agents of choice for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with established cardiovascular disease or in high-risk individuals. With currently available GLP-1 RAs, 51%-79% of subjects achieve an HbA1c target of less than 7.0% and 4%-27% lose 10% of body weight, illustrating the need for more potent agents. Three databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science) were searched using the MESH terms 'glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist', 'glucagon receptor agonist', 'glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide', 'dual or co-agonist', and 'tirzepatide'. Quality of papers was scored using PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane assessment tool. An HbA1c target of less than 7.0% was attained by up to 80% with high-dose GLP-1 RAs and up to 97% with tirzepatide, with even up to 62% of people with T2D reaching an HbA1c of less than 5.7%. A body weight loss of 10% or greater was obtained by up to 50% and up to 69% with high-dose GLP-1 RAs or tirzepatide, respectively. The glucose- and weight-lowering effects of the GLP-1/glucagon RA cotadutide equal those of liraglutide 1.8 mg. Gastrointestinal side effects of high-dose GLP-1 RAs and co-agonists occurred in 30%-70% of patients, mostly arising within the first 2 weeks of the first dose, being mild or moderate in severity, and transient. The development of high-dose GLP-1 RAs and the dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide RA tirzepatide resulted in increasing numbers of people reaching HbA1c and body weight targets, with up to 62% attaining normoglycaemia with 15-mg tirzepatide. Whether this will also translate to better cardiovascular outcomes and affect treatment guidelines remains to be studied.
MeSH term(s)	Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/therapeutic use ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/adverse effects ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/agonists ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects ; Receptors, Glucagon
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Receptors, Glucagon ; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (59392-49-3) ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (89750-14-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1454944-x
ISSN	1463-1326 ; 1462-8902
ISSN (online)	1463-1326
ISSN	1462-8902
DOI	10.1111/dom.14640
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly: an overview of the DURATION trials.

De Block, Christophe Em / Van Gaal, Luc F

Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism

2019 Volume 7, Issue 6, Page(s) 611–623

Abstract: Diabetes management involves controlling glycemia and cardiometabolic risk factors. In the DURATION trials, the efficacy and safety of exenatide (EX) once weekly (q.w.), a new long-acting glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonist, was studied as ... ...

Abstract	Diabetes management involves controlling glycemia and cardiometabolic risk factors. In the DURATION trials, the efficacy and safety of exenatide (EX) once weekly (q.w.), a new long-acting glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonist, was studied as monotherapy or as add-on to metformin with or without sulfonylurea, and compared with oral (metformin, pioglitazone or sitagliptin) and injectable antidiabetic drugs (EX twice daily [EX b.i.d.], liraglutide and insulin glargine). EX q.w. reduced HbA
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1744-8417
ISSN (online)	1744-8417
DOI	10.1586/eem.12.51
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Unsupervised Exercise Training Was Not Found to Improve the Metabolic Health or Phenotype over a 6-Month Dietary Intervention: A Randomised Controlled Trial with an Embedded Economic Analysis.

Hens, Wendy / Vissers, Dirk / Verhaeghe, Nick / Gielen, Jan / Van Gaal, Luc / Taeymans, Jan

International journal of environmental research and public health

2021 Volume 18, Issue 15

Abstract: Ectopic fat leads to metabolic health problems. This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of a hypocaloric diet intervention together with an unsupervised exercise training program in comparison with a hypocaloric diet alone to reduce ectopic fat ... ...

Abstract	Ectopic fat leads to metabolic health problems. This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of a hypocaloric diet intervention together with an unsupervised exercise training program in comparison with a hypocaloric diet alone to reduce ectopic fat deposition. Sixty-one premenopausal women with overweight or obesity participated in this controlled trial and were each randomised into either a usual care group (hypocaloric diet) or intervention group (hypocaloric diet + unsupervised exercise training). Ectopic fat deposition, metabolic parameters, incremental costs from a societal perspective and incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were assessed before, during and after the six-month intervention period. In the total sample, there was a significant decrease in visceral adipose tissue (VAT: -18.88 cm
MeSH term(s)	Diet, Reducing ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Obesity/prevention & control ; Overweight ; Phenotype
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph18158004
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Article: Therapeutic approaches for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Van Gaal, Luc F / Mertens, Jonathan / Francque, Sven / De Block, Christophe

Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 20420188211034300

Abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have been reported as a novel worldwide epidemic, very often associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Both conditions have also been shown to be ... ...

Abstract	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have been reported as a novel worldwide epidemic, very often associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Both conditions have also been shown to be associated with a number of endocrine pathologies. Despite the epidemic, the complex pathophysiology and major complications, ranging from metabolic disturbances (diabetes and more) to cardiovascular disease, people with NASH are left with very few management options. The best and most approved therapeutic option is lifestyle intervention. Although pharmacotherapies based on pathophysiological background are in development, response rates appear modest, mainly for fibrosis treatment, which is the reason for lack of approved drug therapy. Previous drugs analyzed, such as pioglitazone and vitamin E, show weak efficacy. From different phase II trials, antidiabetic (injectable) drugs seem to be promising, both in mono- or bitherapy. Also, derivatives of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors may have an interesting future, as well. For that reason, more focus should be given on prevention of this novel disease entity. In view of this booming epidemic, with a background of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and the important medical consequences, early recognition, prevention and intervention of NAFLD/NASH seems appropriate. In this review, we will focus on the different current and future therapeutic intervention options, taking into consideration the complex pathophysiology of this disease.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2554822-0
ISSN	2042-0196 ; 2042-0188
ISSN (online)	2042-0196
ISSN	2042-0188
DOI	10.1177/20420188211034300
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Article: NAFLD in type 1 diabetes: overrated or underappreciated?

Mertens, Jonathan / Van Gaal, Luc F / Francque, Sven M / De Block, Christophe

Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 20420188211055557

Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in western countries, affecting 25-30% of the general population and up to 65% in those with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes. Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue and ... ...

Abstract	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in western countries, affecting 25-30% of the general population and up to 65% in those with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes. Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue and insulin resistance (IR) contributes to NAFLD. NAFLD is not an innocent entity as it not only may cause nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis but also contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. More and more people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are becoming overweight and present with features of IR, but the prevalence and impact of NAFLD in this population are still unclear. The utility of noninvasive screening tools for NAFLD in T1D is being explored. Recent data indicate that based upon ultrasonographic criteria NAFLD is present in 27% (ranging between 19% and 31%) of adults with T1D. Magnetic resonance imaging data indicate a prevalence rate of 8.6% (ranging between 2.1% and 18.6%). There are, however, multiple factors affecting these data, ranging from study design and referral bias to discrepancies in between diagnostic modalities. Individuals with T1D have a 7-fold higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular mortality is the most prominent cause of death in T1D. Patients with T1D and NALFD are also more prone to develop CVD, but the independent contribution of NAFLD to cardiovascular events has to be determined in this population. Furthermore, limited data in T1D also point towards a 2 to 3 times higher risk for microvascular complications in those with NAFLD. In this article, we will discuss epidemiological and diagnostic challenges of NAFLD in T1D, explore the link between IR and NAFLD and chronic complications, and examine the independent contribution of NAFLD to the presence of macro-, and microvascular complications.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2554822-0
ISSN	2042-0196 ; 2042-0188
ISSN (online)	2042-0196
ISSN	2042-0188
DOI	10.1177/20420188211055557
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A cross-sectional analysis of the association between testosterone and biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in men with obesity.

De Herdt, Carlien / De Block, Christophe / Francque, Sven / Verrijken, An / Van Dessel, Kristof / Van Gaal, Luc / Van Cauwenberghe, Jolijn / Dirinck, Eveline

Endocrine

2023 Volume 80, Issue 1, Page(s) 54–63

Abstract: Purpose: To study the association between testosterone and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) since prior studies have reported inconsistent results.: Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed including obese men who underwent a liver ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To study the association between testosterone and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) since prior studies have reported inconsistent results. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed including obese men who underwent a liver biopsy and a metabolic and hepatological work-up. Free testosterone (CFT) was calculated by the Vermeulen equation. The association between total testosterone (total T) and CFT on the one hand and NAFLD and fibrosis on the other hand was investigated and corrected for biasing factors such as metabolic parameters. Results: In total, 134 men (mean age 45 ± 12 years, median BMI 39.6 (25.0-64.9) kg/m²) were included. The level of total T and CFT did not significantly differ between NAFL and NASH and the stages of steatosis and ballooning. CFT was significantly lower in a higher stage of fibrosis (p = 0.013), not seen for total T and not persisting after controlling for the influence of BMI, HDL cholesterol and HOMA-IR. A higher stage of lobular inflammation was associated with a lower level of total T (p = 0.033), not seen for CFT and not persisting after controlling for the influence of visceral adipose tissue surface and HOMA-IR. Conclusions: This is the second largest study investigating the association between testosterone and biopsy-proven NAFLD. No significant association between testosterone levels and NAFLD, and the different histological subgroups or fibrosis was seen. The lower level of CFT in a higher stage of fibrosis and the association between total T and lobular inflammation was driven by poor metabolic parameters.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Testosterone ; Retrospective Studies ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/pathology ; Fibrosis ; Inflammation/complications ; Biopsy ; Liver/pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
Chemical Substances	Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1194484-5
ISSN	1559-0100 ; 1355-008X ; 0969-711X
ISSN (online)	1559-0100
ISSN	1355-008X ; 0969-711X
DOI	10.1007/s12020-022-03245-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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