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  1. Book ; Online: Thermodynamics of active matter

    Bebon, Robin / Robinson, Joshua F. / Speck, Thomas

    Tracking dissipation across scales

    2024  

    Abstract: The concept of entropy has been pivotal in the formulation of thermodynamics. For systems driven away from thermal equilibrium, a comparable role is played by entropy production and dissipation. Here we provide a comprehensive picture how local ... ...

    Abstract The concept of entropy has been pivotal in the formulation of thermodynamics. For systems driven away from thermal equilibrium, a comparable role is played by entropy production and dissipation. Here we provide a comprehensive picture how local dissipation due to effective chemical events manifests on large scales in active matter. We start from a microscopic model for a single catalytic particle involving explicit solute molecules and show that it undergoes directed motion. Leveraging stochastic thermodynamics, we calculate the average entropy production rate for interacting particles. We then show how the model of active Brownian particles emerges in a certain limit and we determine the entropy production rate on the level of the hydrodynamic equations. Our results augment the model of active Brownian particles with rigorous expressions for the dissipation that cannot be inferred from their equations of motion, and we illustrate consequences for wall aggregation and motility-induced phase separation. Notably, our bottom-up approach reveals that a naive application of the Onsager currents yields an incorrect expression for the local dissipation.
    Keywords Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ; Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
    Subject code 532 ; 612
    Publishing date 2024-01-04
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Minimal mRNA uptake and inflammatory response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine exposure in human placental explants.

    Gonzalez, Veronica J / Li, Lin / Buarpung, Sirirak / Prahl, Mary / Robinson, Joshua F / Gaw, Stephanie L

    iScience

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 9, Page(s) 107549

    Abstract: Despite universal recommendations for COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in pregnancy, uptake has been lower than desired. There have been limited studies of the direct impact of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine exposure in human placental tissue. Using a primary human ... ...

    Abstract Despite universal recommendations for COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in pregnancy, uptake has been lower than desired. There have been limited studies of the direct impact of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine exposure in human placental tissue. Using a primary human placental explants model, we investigated the uptake of two common mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 Pfizer-BioNTech or mRNA-1273 Moderna), and whether exposure altered villous cytokine responses. Explants derived from second or third trimester chorionic villi were incubated with vaccines at supraphysiologic concentrations and analyzed at two time points. We observed minimal uptake of mRNA vaccines in placental explants by
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-0042
    ISSN (online) 2589-0042
    DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107549
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Minimal mRNA uptake and inflammatory response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine exposure in human placental explants.

    Gonzalez, Veronica / Li, Lin / Buarpung, Sirirak / Prahl, Mary / Robinson, Joshua F / Gaw, Stephanie L

    medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

    2023  

    Abstract: Despite universal recommendations for COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in pregnancy, uptake has been lower than desired. There have been limited studies of the direct impact of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine exposure in human placental tissue. Using a primary human ... ...

    Abstract Despite universal recommendations for COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in pregnancy, uptake has been lower than desired. There have been limited studies of the direct impact of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine exposure in human placental tissue. Using a primary human villous explant model, we investigated the uptake of two common mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 Pfizer-BioNTech or mRNA-1273 Moderna), and whether exposure altered villous cytokine responses. Explants derived from second or third trimester chorionic villi were incubated with vaccines at supraphysiologic concentrations and analyzed at two time points. We observed minimal uptake of mRNA vaccines in placental explants by in situ hybridization and quantitative RT-PCR. No specific or global cytokine response was elicited by either of the mRNA vaccines in multiplexed immunoassays. Our results suggest that the human placenta does not readily absorb the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines nor generate a significant inflammatory response after exposure.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.02.01.23285349
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Retrospective analysis of wildfire smoke exposure and birth weight outcomes in the San Francisco Bay Area of California.

    Fernández, Anna Claire G / Basilio, Emilia / Benmarhnia, Tarik / Roger, Jacquelyn / Gaw, Stephanie L / Robinson, Joshua F / Padula, Amy M

    Environmental research, health : ERH

    2023  Volume 1, Issue 2, Page(s) 25009

    Abstract: Despite the occurrence of wildfires quadrupling over the past four decades, the health effects associated with wildfire smoke exposures during pregnancy remains unknown. Particulate matter less than 2 ... ...

    Abstract Despite the occurrence of wildfires quadrupling over the past four decades, the health effects associated with wildfire smoke exposures during pregnancy remains unknown. Particulate matter less than 2.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2752-5309
    ISSN (online) 2752-5309
    DOI 10.1088/2752-5309/acd5f5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Circulating Monocytes, Tissue Macrophages, and Malaria.

    Ozarslan, Nida / Robinson, Joshua F / Gaw, Stephanie L

    Journal of tropical medicine

    2019  Volume 2019, Page(s) 3720838

    Abstract: Malaria is a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality. ... ...

    Abstract Malaria is a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality. The
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-02
    Publishing country Egypt
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2546526-0
    ISSN 1687-9694 ; 1687-9686
    ISSN (online) 1687-9694
    ISSN 1687-9686
    DOI 10.1155/2019/3720838
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Screening and characterization of 133 physiologically-relevant environmental chemicals for reproductive toxicity.

    Ulaganathan, Gurugowtham / Jiang, Hui / Canio, Noah / Oke, Ashwini / Armstrong, Sujit Silas / Abrahamsson, Dimitri / Varshavsky, Julia R / Lam, Juleen / Cooper, Courtney / Robinson, Joshua F / Fung, Jennifer C / Woodruff, Tracey J / Allard, Patrick

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Reproduction is a functional outcome that relies on complex cellular, tissue, and organ interactions that span the developmental period to adulthood. Thus, the assessment of its disruption by environmental chemicals is remarkably painstaking in ... ...

    Abstract Reproduction is a functional outcome that relies on complex cellular, tissue, and organ interactions that span the developmental period to adulthood. Thus, the assessment of its disruption by environmental chemicals is remarkably painstaking in conventional toxicological animal models and does not scale up to the number of chemicals present in our environment and requiring testing. We adapted a previously described low-throughput
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.03.22.584808
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Ambient carbon dioxide concentration correlates with SARS-CoV-2 aerostability and infection risk.

    Haddrell, Allen / Oswin, Henry / Otero-Fernandez, Mara / Robinson, Joshua F / Cogan, Tristan / Alexander, Robert / Mann, Jamie F S / Hill, Darryl / Finn, Adam / Davidson, Andrew D / Reid, Jonathan P

    Nature communications

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 3487

    Abstract: An improved understanding of the underlying physicochemical properties of respiratory aerosol that influence viral infectivity may open new avenues to mitigate the transmission of respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. Previous studies have shown that an ...

    Abstract An improved understanding of the underlying physicochemical properties of respiratory aerosol that influence viral infectivity may open new avenues to mitigate the transmission of respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. Previous studies have shown that an increase in the pH of respiratory aerosols following generation due to changes in the gas-particle partitioning of pH buffering bicarbonate ions and carbon dioxide is a significant factor in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. We show here that a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 aerostability results from a moderate increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (e.g. 800 ppm), an effect that is more marked than that observed for changes in relative humidity. We model the likelihood of COVID-19 transmission on the ambient concentration of CO
    MeSH term(s) Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; COVID-19/transmission ; COVID-19/virology ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Aerosols ; Humidity ; Ventilation ; Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets/metabolism ; Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets/virology ; Atmosphere/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J) ; Aerosols
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-024-47777-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Modeling the filtration efficiency of a woven fabric: The role of multiple lengthscales.

    Rios de Anda, Ioatzin / Wilkins, Jake W / Robinson, Joshua F / Royall, C Patrick / Sear, Richard P

    Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994)

    2022  Volume 34, Issue 3, Page(s) 33301

    Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many millions have worn masks made of woven fabric to reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19. Masks are essentially air filters worn on the face that should filter out as many of the dangerous particles as possible. ... ...

    Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, many millions have worn masks made of woven fabric to reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19. Masks are essentially air filters worn on the face that should filter out as many of the dangerous particles as possible. Here, the dangerous particles are the droplets containing the virus that are exhaled by an infected person. Woven fabric is unlike the material used in standard air filters. Woven fabric consists of fibers twisted together into yarns that are then woven into fabric. There are, therefore, two lengthscales: the diameters of (i) the fiber and (ii) the yarn. Standard air filters have only (i). To understand how woven fabrics filter, we have used confocal microscopy to take three-dimensional images of woven fabric. We then used the image to perform lattice Boltzmann simulations of the air flow through fabric. With this flow field, we calculated the filtration efficiency for particles a micrometer and larger in diameter. In agreement with experimental measurements by others, we found that for particles in this size range, the filtration efficiency is low. For particles with a diameter of 1.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1472743-2
    ISSN 1089-7666 ; 1070-6631
    ISSN (online) 1089-7666
    ISSN 1070-6631
    DOI 10.1063/5.0074229
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  9. Article ; Online: Retinoids and developmental neurotoxicity: Utilizing toxicogenomics to enhance adverse outcome pathways and testing strategies.

    Chen, Hao / Chidboy, Megan A / Robinson, Joshua F

    Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)

    2020  Volume 96, Page(s) 102–113

    Abstract: The use of genomic approaches in toxicological studies has greatly increased our ability to define the molecular profiles of environmental chemicals associated with developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Integration of these approaches with adverse outcome ... ...

    Abstract The use of genomic approaches in toxicological studies has greatly increased our ability to define the molecular profiles of environmental chemicals associated with developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Integration of these approaches with adverse outcome pathways (AOPs), a framework that translates environmental exposures to adverse developmental phenotypes, can potentially inform DNT testing strategies. Here, using retinoic acid (RA) as a case example, we demonstrate that the integration of toxicogenomic profiles into the AOP framework can be used to establish a paradigm for chemical testing. RA is a critical regulatory signaling molecule involved in multiple aspects of mammalian central nervous system (CNS) development, including hindbrain formation/patterning and neuronal differentiation, and imbalances in RA signaling pathways are linked with DNT. While the mechanisms remain unresolved, environmental chemicals can cause DNT by disrupting the RA signaling pathway. First, we reviewed literature evidence of RA and other retinoid exposures and DNT to define a provisional AOP related to imbalances in RA embryonic bioavailability and hindbrain development. Next, by integrating toxicogenomic datasets, we defined a relevant transcriptomic signature associated with RA-induced developmental neurotoxicity (RA-DNT) in human and rodent models that was tested against zebrafish model data, demonstrating potential for integration into an AOP framework. Finally, we demonstrated how these approaches may be systematically utilized to identify chemical hazards by testing the RA-DNT signature against azoles, a proposed class of compounds that alters RA-signaling. The provisional AOP from this study can be expanded in the future to better define DNT biomarkers relevant to RA signaling and toxicity.
    MeSH term(s) Adverse Outcome Pathways ; Animals ; Embryonic Development/drug effects ; Humans ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/genetics ; Retinoids/toxicity ; Toxicity Tests/methods ; Toxicogenetics
    Chemical Substances Retinoids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639342-1
    ISSN 1873-1708 ; 0890-6238
    ISSN (online) 1873-1708
    ISSN 0890-6238
    DOI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.06.007
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  10. Article ; Online: Wildfire Smoke Exposure during Pregnancy: A Review of Potential Mechanisms of Placental Toxicity, Impact on Obstetric Outcomes, and Strategies to Reduce Exposure.

    Basilio, Emilia / Chen, Rebecca / Fernandez, Anna Claire / Padula, Amy M / Robinson, Joshua F / Gaw, Stephanie L

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 21

    Abstract: Climate change is accelerating the intensity and frequency of wildfires globally. Understanding how wildfire smoke (WS) may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and alterations in placental function via biological mechanisms is critical to mitigate the ... ...

    Abstract Climate change is accelerating the intensity and frequency of wildfires globally. Understanding how wildfire smoke (WS) may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and alterations in placental function via biological mechanisms is critical to mitigate the harms of exposure. We aim to review the literature surrounding WS, placental biology, biological mechanisms underlying adverse pregnancy outcomes as well as interventions and strategies to avoid WS exposure in pregnancy. This review includes epidemiologic and experimental laboratory-based studies of WS, air pollution, particulate matter (PM), and other chemicals related to combustion in relation to obstetric outcomes and placental biology. We summarized the available clinical, animal, and placental studies with WS and other combustion products such as tobacco, diesel, and wood smoke. Additionally, we reviewed current recommendations for prevention of WS exposure. We found that there is limited data specific to WS; however, studies on air pollution and other combustion sources suggest a link to inflammation, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, DNA damage, telomere shortening, epigenetic changes, as well as metabolic, vascular, and endothelial dysregulation in the maternal-fetal unit. These alterations in placental biology contribute to adverse obstetric outcomes that disproportionally affect the most vulnerable. Limiting time outdoors, wearing N95 respirator face masks and using high quality indoor air filters during wildfire events reduces exposure to related environmental exposures and may mitigate morbidities attributable to WS.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Wildfires ; Placenta/chemistry ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Smoke/adverse effects ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Air Pollutants/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Particulate Matter ; Smoke ; Air Pollutants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph192113727
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