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Article ; Online: Eine Bestandsaufnahme zur Klimakrise inmitten der COVID-19-Pandemie.

Rieder, Harald E

Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik : E & I

2020 Volume 137, Issue 7, Page(s) 335–340

Abstract: ... for both ecosystems and mankind. As a consequence, the Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to below 2 °C ...

Title translation	A review of the state of the climate crisis in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract	The atmospheric concentration of well-mixed greenhouse gases has drastically increased since 1850. The prime cause for this increase is anthropogenic activity, particularly the burning of fossil fuels. As a consequence of the changing atmospheric composition, we observe a net positive radiative forcing, which manifests in global warming. The global mean surface temperature has increased since the preindustrial by about 1.0 °C. Under the assumption of continued greenhouse gas emissions, climate models project a temperature increase between 3.7 °C and 4.8 °C until 2100 (compared to the 1850-1900 mean). The assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change detail the catastrophic consequences of global warming of such extent for both ecosystems and mankind. As a consequence, the Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to below 2 °C, ideally 1.5 °C, when compared to the preindustrial. To achieve this goal, fast and ambitious emission controls are required, reaching net zero emission by 2050 at the latest. Examining the global greenhouse gas emissions of recent decades, it becomes obvious how far away we are at present from reaching this goal. Also, the currently determined national contributions for emission reduction do not suffice to meet the 1.5 °C target. Thus, it is of uttermost importance to raise the global ambition in climate protection. The 1.5 °C target can still be reached, however, the time to set the required measures will expire within this decade.
Language	German
Publishing date	2020-10-15
Publishing country	Austria
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2266983-8
ISSN	1613-7620 ; 0932-383X
ISSN (online)	1613-7620
ISSN	0932-383X
DOI	10.1007/s00502-020-00833-6
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Eine Bestandsaufnahme zur Klimakrise inmitten der COVID-19-Pandemie

Rieder, Harald E.

Elektrotech

Abstract: ... for both ecosystems and mankind. As a consequence, the Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to below 2 °C ...

Abstract	The atmospheric concentration of well-mixed greenhouse gases has drastically increased since 1850. The prime cause for this increase is anthropogenic activity, particularly the burning of fossil fuels. As a consequence of the changing atmospheric composition, we observe a net positive radiative forcing, which manifests in global warming. The global mean surface temperature has increased since the preindustrial by about 1.0 °C. Under the assumption of continued greenhouse gas emissions, climate models project a temperature increase between 3.7 °C and 4.8 °C until 2100 (compared to the 1850-1900 mean). The assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change detail the catastrophic consequences of global warming of such extent for both ecosystems and mankind. As a consequence, the Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to below 2 °C, ideally 1.5 °C, when compared to the preindustrial. To achieve this goal, fast and ambitious emission controls are required, reaching net zero emission by 2050 at the latest. Examining the global greenhouse gas emissions of recent decades, it becomes obvious how far away we are at present from reaching this goal. Also, the currently determined national contributions for emission reduction do not suffice to meet the 1.5 °C target. Thus, it is of uttermost importance to raise the global ambition in climate protection. The 1.5 °C target can still be reached, however, the time to set the required measures will expire within this decade.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	PMC
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1007/s00502-020-00833-6
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Optimal reactive nitrogen control pathways identified for cost-effective PM

Liu, Zehui / Rieder, Harald E / Schmidt, Christian / Mayer, Monika / Guo, Yixin / Winiwarter, Wilfried / Zhang, Lin

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 4246

Abstract: Excess reactive nitrogen (Nr), including nitrogen oxides ( ... ...

Abstract	Excess reactive nitrogen (Nr), including nitrogen oxides (NO
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-39900-9
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Article ; Online: An analysis of 30 years of surface ozone concentrations in Austria: temporal evolution, changes in precursor emissions and chemical regimes, temperature dependence, and lessons for the future.

Mayer, Monika / Schreier, Stefan F / Spangl, Wolfgang / Staehle, Christoph / Trimmel, Heidelinde / Rieder, Harald E

Environmental science: atmospheres

2022 Volume 2, Issue 4, Page(s) 601–615

Abstract: Despite substantial reductions in anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides ( ... ...

Abstract	Despite substantial reductions in anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2634-3606
ISSN (online)	2634-3606
DOI	10.1039/d2ea00004k
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Article ; Online: The impact of different CO2 and ODS levels on the mean state and variability of the springtime Arctic stratosphere

Jessica Kult-Herdin / Timofei Sukhodolov / Gabriel Chiodo / Ramiro Checa-Garcia / Harald E Rieder

Environmental Research Letters, Vol 18, Iss 2, p

2023 Volume 024032

Abstract: Rising greenhouse gases (GHG) and decreasing anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are the main drivers of the stratospheric climate evolution in the 21st century. However, the coupling between stratospheric composition, radiation and dynamics ... ...

Abstract	Rising greenhouse gases (GHG) and decreasing anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are the main drivers of the stratospheric climate evolution in the 21st century. However, the coupling between stratospheric composition, radiation and dynamics is subject to many uncertainties, which is partly because of the simplistic representation of ozone (O _3 ) in many current climate models. Changes in ozone due to heterogeneous chemistry are known to be the largest during springtime in the Arctic, which is also a season with very active stratosphere–troposphere coupling. The focus of this study is to investigate the role of varying ozone levels driven by changing GHG and ODS for the Arctic polar cap stratosphere. We use two state-of-the-art chemistry-climate models with ocean coupling in two configurations (prescribed ozone fields vs. interactive ozone chemistry) for three different scenarios: preindustrial conditions—1 × CO _2 , year 2000 conditions (peak anthropogenic ODS levels) and extreme future conditions—4 × CO _2 . Our results show that in the upper and middle stratosphere CO _2 thermal cooling is the dominant effect determining the temperature response under 4 × CO _2 , and outweighs warming effects of ozone by about a factor of ten. In contrast, in the lower stratosphere, the effects of O _3 warming and CO _2 cooling under 4 × CO _2 are largely offsetting each other. ODS driven variations in O _3 affect both the temperature mean and variability, and are responsible for the tight springtime coupling between composition and dynamics under year 2000 conditions in comparison to simulations under 1 × CO _2 or 4 × CO _2 .
Keywords	stratosphere ; temperature ; GHG ; ODS ; interactive chemistry ; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Science ; Q ; Physics ; QC1-999
Subject code	290
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	IOP Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: How will air quality effects on human health, crops and ecosystems change in the future?

von Schneidemesser, Erika / Driscoll, Charles / Rieder, Harald E / Schiferl, Luke D

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

2020 Volume 378, Issue 2183, Page(s) 20190330

Abstract: ... in effects on human health, crops and ecosystems. While there is overlap in the scenarios and models used ... been widely conducted for ecosystems. Few studies have conducted joint assessments across more than one ... some of this benefit. The responses of ecosystems to air pollution and climate change are long-term, complex, and ...

Abstract	Future air quality will be driven by changes in air pollutant emissions, but also changes in climate. Here, we review the recent literature on future air quality scenarios and projected changes in effects on human health, crops and ecosystems. While there is overlap in the scenarios and models used for future projections of air quality and climate effects on human health and crops, similar efforts have not been widely conducted for ecosystems. Few studies have conducted joint assessments across more than one sector. Improvements in future air quality effects on human health are seen in emission reduction scenarios that are more ambitious than current legislation. Larger impacts result from changing particulate matter (PM) abundances than ozone burdens. Future global health burdens are dominated by changes in the Asian region. Expected future reductions in ozone outside of Asia will allow for increased crop production. Reductions in PM, although associated with much higher uncertainty, could offset some of this benefit. The responses of ecosystems to air pollution and climate change are long-term, complex, and interactive, and vary widely across biomes and over space and time. Air quality and climate policy should be linked or at least considered holistically, and managed as a multi-media problem. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Air quality, past present and future'.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Air Pollution/prevention & control ; Climate Change ; Crops, Agricultural ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Environmental Health ; Global Health ; Humans ; Models, Biological
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	208381-4
ISSN	1471-2962 ; 0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952 ; 1364-503X
ISSN (online)	1471-2962
ISSN	0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952 ; 1364-503X
DOI	10.1098/rsta.2019.0330
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Article ; Online: The impact of different CO2 and ODS levels on the mean state and variability of the springtime Arctic stratosphere

Kult-Herdin, Jessica / Sukhodolov, Timofei / Chiodo, Gabriel / id_orcid:0 000-0002-8079-6314 / Checa-Garcia, Ramiro / Rieder, Harald E.

Environmental Research Letters, 18 (2)

2023

Abstract	Rising greenhouse gases (GHG) and decreasing anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are the main drivers of the stratospheric climate evolution in the 21st century. However, the coupling between stratospheric composition, radiation and dynamics is subject to many uncertainties, which is partly because of the simplistic representation of ozone (O3) in many current climate models. Changes in ozone due to heterogeneous chemistry are known to be the largest during springtime in the Arctic, which is also a season with very active stratosphere-troposphere coupling. The focus of this study is to investigate the role of varying ozone levels driven by changing GHG and ODS for the Arctic polar cap stratosphere. We use two state-of-the-art chemistry-climate models with ocean coupling in two configurations (prescribed ozone fields vs. interactive ozone chemistry) for three different scenarios: preindustrial conditions—1 × CO2, year 2000 conditions (peak anthropogenic ODS levels) and extreme future conditions—4 × CO2. Our results show that in the upper and middle stratosphere CO2 thermal cooling is the dominant effect determining the temperature response under 4 × CO2, and outweighs warming effects of ozone by about a factor of ten. In contrast, in the lower stratosphere, the effects of O3 warming and CO2 cooling under 4 × CO2 are largely offsetting each other. ODS driven variations in O3 affect both the temperature mean and variability, and are responsible for the tight springtime coupling between composition and dynamics under year 2000 conditions in comparison to simulations under 1 × CO2 or 4 × CO2 ISSN:1748-9326 ISSN:1748-9318
Keywords	stratosphere ; temperature ; GHG ; ODS ; interactive chemistry
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publisher	IOP Publishing
Publishing country	ch
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Combining model projections with site-level observations to estimate changes in distributions and seasonality of ozone in surface air over the U.S.A

Rieder, Harald E / Arlene M. Fiore / Gustavo Correa / Larry W. Horowitz / Olivia E. Clifton / Vaishali Naik

Atmospheric environment. 2018 Nov., v. 193

2018

Abstract: While compliance with air quality standards is evaluated at individual monitoring stations, projections of future ambient air quality for global climate and emission scenarios often rely on coarse resolution models. We describe a statistical transfer ... ...

Abstract	While compliance with air quality standards is evaluated at individual monitoring stations, projections of future ambient air quality for global climate and emission scenarios often rely on coarse resolution models. We describe a statistical transfer approach that bridges the spatial gap between air quality projections, averaged over four broad U.S. regions, from a global chemistry-climate model and the local level (at specific U.S. CASTNet sites). Our site-level projections are intended as a line of evidence in planning for possible futures rather than the sole basis for policy decisions. We use a set of transient sensitivity simulations (2006–2100) from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) chemistry-climate model CM3, designed to isolate the effects of changes in anthropogenic ozone (O3) precursor emissions, climate warming, and global background CH4 on surface O3. We find that surface maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) O3 increases despite constant precursor emissions in a warmer climate during summer, particularly in the low tail of the MDA8 O3 distribution for the Northeastern U.S., while MDA8 O3 decreases slightly throughout the distribution over the West and Southeast during summer and fall. Under scenarios in which non-methane O3 precursors decline as climate warms (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), summertime MDA8 O3 decreases with NOx emissions, most strongly in the upper tail of the MDA8 O3 distribution. In a scenario where global methane abundances roughly double over the 21st century (RCP8.5), winter and spring MDA8 O3 increases, particularly in the lower tail and over the Western U.S. In this RCP8.5 scenario, the number of days when MDA8 O3 exceeds 70 ppb declines in summer with NOx emissions, but increases in spring (and winter); by the end of the century, the majority of sites in the WE and NE show probabilistic return values of the annual 4th highest MDA8 O3 concentration above 70 ppb (the current O3 NAAQS level). Continued increases in global CH4 abundances can be thought of as a “methane penalty”, offsetting benefits otherwise attainable by controlling non-CH4 O3 precursors.
Keywords	air ; air quality ; atmospheric chemistry ; autumn ; climate ; emissions ; fluid mechanics ; geophysics ; global warming ; issues and policy ; methane ; models ; monitoring ; nitrogen oxides ; ozone ; planning ; spring ; summer ; winter ; Northeastern United States ; Western United States
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-11
Size	p. 302-315.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	216368-8
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.07.042
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Influence of low ozone episodes on erythemal UV-B radiation in Austria

Schwarz, Matthias / Dietmar J. Baumgartner / Harald E. Rieder / Helga Pietsch / Mario Blumthaler / Philipp Weihs

Theoretical and applied climatology. 2018 July, v. 133, no. 1-2

2018

Abstract: This study investigates the influence of low ozone episodes on UV-B radiation in Austria during the period 1999 to 2015. To this aim observations of total column ozone (TCO) in the Greater Alpine Region (Arosa, Switzerland; Hohenpeissenberg, Germany; ... ...

Abstract	This study investigates the influence of low ozone episodes on UV-B radiation in Austria during the period 1999 to 2015. To this aim observations of total column ozone (TCO) in the Greater Alpine Region (Arosa, Switzerland; Hohenpeissenberg, Germany; Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Sonnblick, Austria), and erythemal UV-B radiation, available from 12 sites of the Austrian UV-B monitoring network, are analyzed. As previous definitions for low ozone episodes are not particularly suited to investigate effects on UV radiation, a novel threshold approach—considering anomalies—is developed to provide a joint framework for the analysis of extremes. TCO and UV extremes are negatively correlated, although modulating effects of sunshine duration impact the robustness of the statistical relationship. Therefore, information on relative sunshine duration (SDrel), available at (or nearby) UV-B monitoring sites, is included as explanatory variable in the analysis. The joint analysis of anomalies of both UV index (UVI) and total ozone (∆UVI, ∆TCO) and SDrel across sites shows that more than 65% of observations with strongly negative ozone anomalies (∆TCO < −1) led to positive UVI anomalies. Considering only days with strongly positive UVI anomaly (∆UVI > 1), we find (across all sites) that about 90% correspond to negative ∆TCO. The remaining 10% of days occurred during fair weather conditions (SDrel ≥ 80%) explaining the appearance of ∆UVI > 1 despite positive TCO anomalies. Further, we introduce an anomaly amplification factor (AAF), which quantifies the expected change of the ∆UVI for a given change in ∆TCO.
Keywords	correlation ; monitoring ; ozone ; solar radiation ; ultraviolet radiation ; Austria ; Czech Republic ; Germany ; Switzerland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-07
Size	p. 319-329.
Publishing place	Springer Vienna
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1463177-5
ISSN	1434-4483 ; 0177-798X
ISSN (online)	1434-4483
ISSN	0177-798X
DOI	10.1007/s00704-017-2170-1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The influence of vegetation drought stress on formaldehyde and ozone distributions over a central European city

Atmospheric Environment. 2023 Apr. 11, p.119768-

2023 , Page(s) 119768–

Abstract: To estimate the effect of vegetation stress and changes in biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions on urban ozone (O₃) levels we perform a systematic, observation-based analysis of the relationship between formaldehyde (HCHO) mixing ratios, ... ...

Abstract	To estimate the effect of vegetation stress and changes in biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions on urban ozone (O₃) levels we perform a systematic, observation-based analysis of the relationship between formaldehyde (HCHO) mixing ratios, meteorological parameters, measurement-based drought indicators and O₃ over the central European city of Vienna, Austria. In addition, numerical models SURface EXternalisée (SURFEX), Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) Vers.2.1 and 3 and MOdèle de Chimie A Grande Echelle (MOCAGE) are combined to estimate the soil moisture, the spatial distribution and drought response of isoprene emissions, and the resulting distribution of HCHO in the atmosphere. To analyse the effect of drought during spring and summer we contrast observations during dry and reference years. Our results show that the observed HCHO can be explained using the simulated isoprene emissions as well as observed and simulated vegetation drought responses. HCHO mixing ratios differ strongly between dry and reference seasons. Spring-time precipitation deficits facilitate reduced HCHO mixing ratios due to delayed and weakened plant growth. In consequence also O₃ burdens are lowered due to reduced BVOC precursor emissions. These reductions occur despite radiation levels being higher than during the reference year, illustrating the strong potential of spring-time BVOC emissions to modulate urban O₃ burdens. Conversely, during summer elevated O₃ levels occur during local drought conditions. These are driven by advected isoprene originating from nearby forest areas, which are not affected by drought. Our results regarding elevated summer-time O₃burdens under vegetation heat and drought stress are in good agreement with previous work.
Keywords	drought ; environment ; forests ; formaldehyde ; heat ; isoprene ; models ; ozone ; plant growth ; soil water ; spring ; summer ; volatile organic compounds ; water stress ; Austria ; BVOC ; Urban ; Land surface modelling
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0411
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	216368-8
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119768
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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