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Article: Ray-Tracing Customization in Myopic and Myopic Astigmatism LASIK Treatments for Low and High Order Aberrations Treatment: 2-Year Visual Function and Psychometric Value Outcomes of a Consecutive Case Series.

Kanellopoulos, Anastasios John

Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)

2024 Volume 18, Page(s) 565–574

Abstract: ... diopters (D) (range -9.75 to -1.25 D) to +0.11 ± 0.19 D; subjective manifest refractive astigmatism from -0 ... 76 ± 0.91 D (range -2.75 to 0 D) to -0.13 ± 0.16 D, corneal astigmatism from -1.16 ± 0.64 D (range -0 ... 2 to -2.8) to -0.47 ± 0.11 D. 65% of the eyes studied demonstrated an increase of at least one line ...

Abstract	Purpose: The safety and long-term efficacy of automated ray-tracing customized myopic and myopic astigmatic femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK. Methods: This consecutive case series retrospective analysis, of 20 subjects (40 eyes) treated with automated raytracing named Wavelight Plus, to include low and high order aberrations based on a three-dimensional custom virtual eye for each case-calculated from interferometry data-obtained from a single diagnostic device that also provides Hartman-Shack Wavefront and Scheimpflug tomography data. We evaluated before and after the customized LASIK procedure: visual acuity, refractive error, high order aberrations, contrast sensitivity, and psychometric post-operative visual function data. Results: At 24 months, the comparison of the pre-operative to the post-operative refractive and visual function value changes in average were: subjective manifest refraction from -4.38 ± 2.54 diopters (D) (range -9.75 to -1.25 D) to +0.11 ± 0.19 D; subjective manifest refractive astigmatism from -0.76 ± 0.91 D (range -2.75 to 0 D) to -0.13 ± 0.16 D, corneal astigmatism from -1.16 ± 0.64 D (range -0.2 to -2.8) to -0.47 ± 0.11 D. 65% of the eyes studied demonstrated an increase of at least one line of vision, while from the same group 38% demonstrated 2 lines of increase. High order aberrations, contrast sensitivity as well as the subjective psychometric input based on the VFQ-25 questionnaire demonstrated actual improvement. Conclusion: This longer-term follow-up, single-arm retrospective consecutive case series documents LASIK treatment customization that appears to be safe and effective in the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism. Markedly improved objective and subjective visual function post-operatively, underlying the potential importance of simultaneously attempting to correct high order aberrations and improving the spatial alignment of total, measured human eye optics.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-22
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1177-5467
ISSN	1177-5467
DOI	10.2147/OPTH.S444174
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Article ; Online: Effect of selective percutaneous myofascial lengthening and functional physiotherapy on walking in children with cerebral palsy: Three-dimensional gait analysis assessment.

Skoutelis, Vasileios C / Kanellopoulos, Anastasios D / Vrettos, Stamatis / Dimitriadis, Zacharias / Dinopoulos, Argirios / Papagelopoulos, Panayiotis J / Kontogeorgakos, Vasileios A

Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association

2023

Abstract: Background: Walking is the most affected motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Orthopaedic surgery is regularly used to improve ambulation in children with CP. Selective Percutaneous Myofascial Lengthening (SPML) is considered the state- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Walking is the most affected motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Orthopaedic surgery is regularly used to improve ambulation in children with CP. Selective Percutaneous Myofascial Lengthening (SPML) is considered the state-of-the art technique for surgical lengthening of spastic/contracted muscles in CP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of combined SPML surgery and postoperative functional physiotherapy on gait function and characteristics of children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Twenty-six children with spastic CP, aged 5-7 years, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels II (n = 6), III (n = 12) and IV (n = 8) participated in a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest study with a 9-month follow-up. The Global Motion Graph Deviation Index (MGDI) (including MGDI sub-indices of each joint in each plane of motion) and spatiotemporal parameters of a three-dimensional kinematic gait analysis were used to assess the gait function and characteristics, respectively. Results: Nine months following SPML and functional physiotherapy, statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) were noted in the Global MGDI, the MGDIs of sagittal plane knee and ankle motion analysis graphs, and the four most common spatiotemporal measures of gait: walking velocity, stride length, step length, and cadence. Conclusion: Children with spastic CP seem to gain better overall gait function following SPML procedure and functional physiotherapy, by achieving higher walking velocity, longer stride length and step length, and faster cadence. Further studies with control group and longer follow-up three-dimensional gait analyses are warranted to validate these positive results.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-06
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1314243-4
ISSN	1436-2023 ; 0949-2658
ISSN (online)	1436-2023
ISSN	0949-2658
DOI	10.1016/j.jos.2023.03.010
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Article: Initial Outcomes with Customized Myopic LASIK, Guided by Automated Ray Tracing Optimization: A Novel Technique.

Kanellopoulos, Anastasios John

Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)

2020 Volume 14, Page(s) 3955–3963

Abstract: ... improved from -5.06 ± 2.54 diopters (D) (range -8.0 to -0.50 D) to -0.11 ± 0.09 D (range -0.25 to + 0.25 ... refractive astigmatism from -1.07 ± 0.91 D (range -4.25 to 0 D) to -0.15 ± 0.04 D (range -0.25 to 0); and ... topographic astigmatism from -1.65 ± 0.85 D to -0.26 ± 0.11 D (range -0.60 to 0). About 65% of eyes gained one ...

Abstract	Purpose: Safety and efficacy of a novel automated ray tracing optimization in customization of excimer ablation in myopic LASIK. Methods: In a consecutive case series, 25 patients (50 eyes) undergoing femtosecond-laser-assisted myopic LASIK were evaluated. The novel, artificial-intelligence platform initially calculates the ablation profile based on a model eye for each case, based on interferometry axial length data. Low- and high-order aberration calculation is performed by raytracing based on wavefront and Scheimpflug tomography measurements, all from a single diagnostic device. Visual acuity, refractive error, keratometry, topography, high-order aberrations and contrast sensitivity were evaluated, over six months follow-up. Results: Change from pre- to 6 months post-operative: mean refractive error improved from -5.06 ± 2.54 diopters (D) (range -8.0 to -0.50 D) to -0.11 ± 0.09 D (range -0.25 to + 0.25); refractive astigmatism from -1.07 ± 0.91 D (range -4.25 to 0 D) to -0.15 ± 0.04 D (range -0.25 to 0); and topographic astigmatism from -1.65 ± 0.85 D to -0.26 ± 0.11 D (range -0.60 to 0). About 65% of eyes gained one line of vision and 38% 2 lines. Pre- to post-operative high-order aberration average: RMSh changed from 0.25 um to 0.35 um. Contrast sensitivity improved post-operatively. Conclusion: We report safe and effective preliminary outcomes with a novel excimer laser customization by ray tracing optimization, for myopic LASIK treatments, employing several independent up-till-now diagnostics and a customized eye model reference for each case. It bears the potential advantage through total eye aberration data and ray tracing refraction calculation to offer improved and more predictable visual outcomes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-17
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1177-5467
ISSN	1177-5467
DOI	10.2147/OPTH.S280560
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Article: The orthopaedic aspect of spastic cerebral palsy.

Skoutelis, Vasileios C / Kanellopoulos, Anastasios D / Kontogeorgakos, Vasileios A / Dinopoulos, Argirios / Papagelopoulos, Panayiotis J

Journal of orthopaedics

2020 Volume 22, Page(s) 553–558

Abstract: Spastic Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the most common form of CP, comprising of 80% of all cases. Spasticity is a type of hypertonia that clinically manifests as dynamic contractures. The dynamic contracture along with the reduced level of physical activity in ... ...

Abstract	Spastic Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the most common form of CP, comprising of 80% of all cases. Spasticity is a type of hypertonia that clinically manifests as dynamic contractures. The dynamic contracture along with the reduced level of physical activity in a child with CP leads to secondary structural and morphological changes in spastic muscle, causing real musculotendinous shortening, known as fixed contractures. When fixed muscle contractures are not treated early, progressive musculoskeletal deformities develop. As a consequence, spastic CP from a static neurological pathology becomes a progressive orthopaedic pathology which needs to be managed surgically. Orthopaedic surgical management of CP has evolved from previous "multi-event single level" procedures to a "single event multilevel" procedures, with changes in selection and execution of treatment modalities. There is increasing evidence that multilevel surgery is an integral and essential part of therapeutic management of spastic CP, but more research is needed to ensure effectiveness of this intervention on all domains of physical disability in CP.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-04
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2240839-3
ISSN	0972-978X
ISSN	0972-978X
DOI	10.1016/j.jor.2020.11.002
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Article: Management of progressive keratoconus with partial topography-guided PRK combined with refractive, customized CXL - a novel technique: the enhanced Athens protocol.

Kanellopoulos, Anastasios John

Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)

2019 Volume 13, Page(s) 581–588

Abstract: ... to 20/25 at 6 months. A maximum astigmatic reduction of 7.8 D (5.3-15.6), and a significant cornea ...

Abstract	Purpose: To report a novel application of partial topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy combined with topographically customized, higher fluence, and variable pattern corneal cross-linking applied on the same day of the treatment of keratoconus. Methods: A topography-guided partial photorefractive keratectomy treatment of maximum 30 µm over the thinnest cone area was applied initially followed by a 7 mm, 50 µm phototherapeutic keratectomy treatment to address epithelial removal. 0.02% Mitomycin C was applied for 20 seconds and then the exposed stroma was soaked with 0.1% riboflavin solution for 5 minutes. The cornea was then treated with a customized, variable-pattern and 20 mW/cm Results: Keratoconus was stabilized in all cases. The severity of keratoconus stage by Amsler- Krumeich criteria improved from an average of 3.2 (1-4) to 1.8 (0-3). Uncorrected distance visual acuity changed from preoperative 20/80 to 20/25 at 6 months. A maximum astigmatic reduction of 7.8 D (5.3-15.6), and a significant cornea surface normalization (an index of height decentration improvement from 0.155 [±0.065] to 0.045 [±0.042]) were achieved by 1 month and remained relatively stable for 36 months postoperatively. Two cases delayed full reepithelialization for up to 9 days. Conclusion: This paper introduces a novel technique in order to maximize the refractive normalization effect along with ectasia stabilization in young keratoconus patients. This may facilitate the use of less tissue ablation, in comparison to utilizing a homogeneous UV light beam for corneal cross-linking in Athens Protocol cases. It broadens the number of potential candidate cases that would have been limited to employ this technique due to tissue thickness limitations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-02
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1177-5467
ISSN	1177-5467
DOI	10.2147/OPTH.S188517
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Article: Ten-Year Outcomes of Progressive Keratoconus Management With the Athens Protocol (Topography-Guided Partial-Refraction PRK Combined With CXL).

Kanellopoulos, Anastasios John

Journal of refractive surgery (Thorofare, N.J. : 1995)

2019 Volume 35, Issue 8, Page(s) 478–483

Abstract: ... keratometry decreased from 50.57 ± 2.80 to 45.87 ± 2.70 diopters (D) (P < .01) at 1 year and to 44.00 ± 3.22 D ... at 10 years. Maximum keratometry decreased from 53.43 ± 2.97 to 46.17 ± 1.18 D at 1 year and 44.75 ± 2 ... 14 D at 10 years (P < .01). A total of 94.4% demonstrated ectasia stabilization and 3.5% showed ...

Abstract	Purpose: To report the safety and long-term efficacy of topography-guided partial-refraction PRK combined with corneal cross-linking (CXL) (the Athens Protocol), refractive, topographic, and pachymetric changes of keratoconic eyes treated were studied. Methods: Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), refraction, keratometry, qualitative and quantitative assessment of corneal keratometric, and pachymetric properties recorded by topography and tomography were evaluated for 10 years postoperatively. Results: A total of 144 eyes were followed up for a mean 128 ± 4 months (range: 120 to 146 months). Mean UDVA markedly improved at 1 year (0.19 ± 0.17 to 0.53 ± 0.21 decimal) with further improvement to 0.55 ± 0.19 decimal at 10 years. CDVA increased from 0.59 ± 0.21 to 0.80 ± 0.17 decimal at 1 year and further to 0.81 ± 0.19 decimal at 10 years. Corneal thickness decreased from 468.74 ± 35.05 to 391.14 ± 40.07 μm at 1 year (P < .01) and up to 395.42 ± 32.21 μm at 10 years. Steep keratometry decreased from 50.57 ± 2.80 to 45.87 ± 2.70 diopters (D) (P < .01) at 1 year and to 44.00 ± 3.22 D at 10 years. Maximum keratometry decreased from 53.43 ± 2.97 to 46.17 ± 1.18 D at 1 year and 44.75 ± 2.14 D at 10 years (P < .01). A total of 94.4% demonstrated ectasia stabilization and 3.5% showed progressive "overcorrection" or "hyperopic" shift. Conclusions: The Athens Protocol confirms long-term safety and efficacy for corneal ectasia and visual function. Most parameters had little change after 1 year, through year 10. [J Refract Surg. 2019;35(8):478-483.].
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Collagen/metabolism ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Corneal Stroma/drug effects ; Corneal Stroma/metabolism ; Corneal Topography ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratoconus/drug therapy ; Keratoconus/physiopathology ; Keratoconus/surgery ; Keratoconus/therapy ; Lasers, Excimer/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Photochemotherapy/methods ; Photorefractive Keratectomy/methods ; Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Refraction, Ocular/physiology ; Riboflavin/therapeutic use ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Visual Acuity/physiology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Cross-Linking Reagents ; Photosensitizing Agents ; Collagen (9007-34-5) ; Riboflavin (TLM2976OFR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1081-597X
ISSN	1081-597X
DOI	10.3928/1081597X-20190627-01
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Article: Comparison of corneal biomechanics after myopic small-incision lenticule extraction compared to LASIK: an ex vivo study.

Kanellopoulos, Anastasios John

Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)

2018 Volume 12, Page(s) 237–245

Abstract: ... assigned to six investigative groups: Group A, -3.00 D (diopters) SMILE; Group B, -8.00 D SMILE; Group C ... 3.00 D LASIK; and Group D, -8.00 D LASIK. Additionally, two control groups were formed: Group E ... In SMILE, the average relative difference (Δ) of the four outcome measures was -34.46% for -3.00 D ...

Abstract	Purpose: To investigate ex vivo potentially different corneal biomechanical properties after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) versus LASIK for myopic correction. Methods: Thirty human donor corneas were subjected to either myopic SMILE or femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK. Donor corneas were assigned to six investigative groups: Group A, -3.00 D (diopters) SMILE; Group B, -8.00 D SMILE; Group C, -3.00 D LASIK; and Group D, -8.00 D LASIK. Additionally, two control groups were formed: Group E, SMILE and Group F, LASIK. All groups consisted of five corneas, randomly allocated. The corneas in the control groups were subjected to the corresponding femtosecond-laser lamellar cuts but not to tissue removal. Evaluation of biomechanical tensile strength was conducted by biaxial force application. Primary outcome measures were stress at 10% and 15% strain, and Young's modulus at 10% and 15% strain. Results: In SMILE, the average relative difference (Δ) of the four outcome measures was -34.46% for -3.00 D correction versus control Group E and -49.34% for -8.00 D correction versus control Group E. In LASIK, average Δ was -24.88% for -3.00 D correction versus control, and -52.73% for -8.00 D correction versus control. All these differences were statistically significant; SMILE compared to LASIK for the same myopic correction appears to result in more biomechanical reduction for -3.00 D corrections by -26%, while a nonstatistically significant difference was noted in -8.00 D corrections. Conclusion: Both SMILE and LASIK procedures do substantially alter corneal biomechanical properties, and the degree of tensile strength reduction is statistically significantly correlated to the extent of myopic correction. Additionally, SMILE procedure seems to result in more tensile strength reduction in lower myopic corrections compared to LASIK, and similar tensile strength reduction to LASIK in higher myopic corrections when compared to LASIK.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-25
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1177-5467
ISSN	1177-5467
DOI	10.2147/OPTH.S153509
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Article: Effects of minimally invasive surgery and functional physiotherapy on motor function of children with cerebral palsy: A non-randomised controlled trial.

Skoutelis, Vasileios C / Kanellopoulos, Anastasios D / Vrettos, Stamatis G / Dimitriadis, Zacharias / Kalamvoki, Efstratia / Dinopoulos, Argirios / Papagelopoulos, Panayiotis J / Vrettos, Stefanos S / Kontogeorgakos, Vasileios A

Journal of orthopaedics

2021 Volume 27, Page(s) 122–129

Abstract: ... performance of gross motor function were assessed with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) D and E ... improvements in the GMFM D (experimental mean difference = 19.63 ± 10.46; control mean difference = 2.40 ± 4.62 ...

Abstract	Purpose: This non-randomised controlled trial investigated whether a combined programme of functional physiotherapy and minimally invasive orthopaedic surgery improves the level and degree of capacity and performance of gross motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Fifty-two children with spastic CP aged 5-7 years, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels II-IV, were allocated to two equal groups: experimental group (selective percutaneous myofascial lengthening [SPML] procedure and 9-month functional strengthening physiotherapy programme) and control (standard physiotherapy) groups. At baseline and at the end of the 9-month intervention, the capacity and performance of gross motor function were assessed with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) D and E subcategories and Functional Mobility Scale (FMS), respectively. The level of gross motor function was measured with the GMFCS. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the post-intervention improvements in the GMFM D (experimental mean difference = 19.63 ± 10.46; control mean difference = 2.40 ± 4.62) and E (experimental mean difference = 19.33 ± 11.82; control mean difference = 4.20 ± 6.26) between experimental and control group ( Conclusion: SPML procedure combined with functional physiotherapy improves gross motor function in children with spastic CP, by raising the degree and level of motor independence.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-14
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2240839-3
ISSN	0972-978X
ISSN	0972-978X
DOI	10.1016/j.jor.2021.09.004
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Article: Topography-Guided LASIK Versus Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) for Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism: A Randomized, Prospective, Contralateral Eye Study.

Kanellopoulos, Anastasios John

Journal of refractive surgery (Thorofare, N.J. : 1995)

2017 Volume 33, Issue 5, Page(s) 306–312

Abstract: ... respectively, had UDVA of 20/16 (P < .002). Spherical equivalent refraction (±0.50 D) was 95.5% for the LASIK ... group and 77.3% for the SMILE group (P < .002). Residual refraction cylinder (≤ 0.25 D) was 81.8 ...

Abstract	Purpose: To compare safety and efficacy of topography-guided LASIK and contralateral eye SMILE for myopia and myopic astigmatism correction. Methods: This prospective, randomized contralateral eye study included 44 eyes of 22 patients with bilateral myopia or myopic astigmatism. Treated eyes were divided into two groups: 22 eyes were treated with topography-guided LASIK and the fellow eye of each patient was treated with SMILE. The following parameters were evaluated preoperatively and up to 3 months postoperatively: uncorrected distance vision acuity (UDVA), corrected distance vision acuity (CDVA), refractive error, corneal keratometry, contrast sensitivity, and Objective Scatter Index. Results: At 3 months, 86.4% of the LASIK group and 68.2% of the SMILE group had UDVA of 20/20 (P < .002) and 59.1% and 31.8%, respectively, had UDVA of 20/16 (P < .002). Spherical equivalent refraction (±0.50 D) was 95.5% for the LASIK group and 77.3% for the SMILE group (P < .002). Residual refraction cylinder (≤ 0.25 D) was 81.8% for the LASIK group and 50% for the SMILE group (P < .001). Contrast sensitivity (6 cycles/degree) was 7.2 ± 1.01 in the LASIK group and 6.20 ± 1.52 in the SMILE group. Objective Scatter Index measurements at 3 months were 1.35 in the LASIK group and 1.42 in the SMILE group. Conclusions: Topography-guided LASIK was superior in all visual performance parameters studied, both subjective and objective. The main difference between the two techniques likely derives from the eye tracking, cyclorotation compensation, and active centration control in the LASIK technology studied in contrast to the current technology available with SMILE-like procedures. This difference appears to affect refractive and visual aberration performance outcomes. [J Refract Surg. 2017;33(5):306-312.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1081-597X
ISSN	1081-597X
DOI	10.3928/1081597X-20170221-01
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Article: Does Pregnancy Affect Refractive and Corneal Stability or Corneal Epithelial Remodeling After Myopic LASIK?

Kanellopoulos, Anastasios John / Vingopoulos, Filippos

Journal of refractive surgery (Thorofare, N.J. : 1995)

2020 Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) 118–122

Abstract: ... from the initial LASIK procedure. The preoperative mean refractive error was -6.72 ± 2.96 diopters (D) (range: -1 ... 00 to -11.00 D). Comparing 12-month refractive data after the original LASIK procedure ... 1.00 to -0.51 ± 0.82 D, the steepest keratometry value was 40.85 ± 1.89 to 40.88 ± 2.84 D, and ...

Abstract	Purpose: To investigate possible refractive changes in pregnant women who have previously undergone myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods: This prospective study included 64 pregnant women (128 eyes) who had previously undergone bilateral myopic LASIK. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), spherical equivalent, corneal keratometry, topography and tomography, and epithelial mapping were evaluated before LASIK, 12 months after LASIK, during the third trimester of pregnancy, and 1 year postpartum. Results: The average age at the time of recruitment was 32.5 ± 5 years (range: 24.5 to 39.5 years). The evaluation during pregnancy was at an average 55 months (range: 12 to 108 months) from the initial LASIK procedure. The preoperative mean refractive error was -6.72 ± 2.96 diopters (D) (range: -1.00 to -11.00 D). Comparing 12-month refractive data after the original LASIK procedure to the those within the third trimester of the subsequent pregnancy, the average UDVA was 20/18, the residual refractive error was -0.63 ± 1.00 to -0.51 ± 0.82 D, the steepest keratometry value was 40.85 ± 1.89 to 40.88 ± 2.84 D, and the central epithelial thickness was 56.4 ± 3.89 to 57.38 ± 5.04 µm, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, pregnancy did not affect the refractive stability of LASIK. Pregnancy-related changes in refractive error, corneal stability, and total corneal and epithelial thickness in women after LASIK were not found to be statistically significant. [J Refract Surg. 2022;36(2):118-122.].
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cornea/physiology ; Corneal Pachymetry ; Corneal Topography ; Epithelium, Corneal/physiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ/methods ; Lasers, Excimer/therapeutic use ; Myopia/physiopathology ; Myopia/surgery ; Pregnancy/physiology ; Prospective Studies ; Refraction, Ocular/physiology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1081-597X
ISSN	1081-597X
DOI	10.3928/1081597X-20200115-01
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