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Article ; Online: Reply to the "Letter to the editor, regarding : Electric fans: A potential stay-at-home cooling strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic this summer?"

Hospers, Lily / Smallcombe, James W / Morris, Nathan B / Jay, Ollie

2021 Volume 773, Page(s) 145227

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Cold Temperature ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Seasons
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145227
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Article ; Online: Caffeine alters thermoregulatory responses to exercise in the heat only in caffeine-habituated individuals: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Hunt, Lindsey A / Hospers, Lily / Smallcombe, James W / Mavros, Yorgi / Jay, Ollie

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

2021 Volume 131, Issue 4, Page(s) 1300–1310

Abstract: To assess the impact of acute caffeine ingestion on thermoregulatory responses during steady-state exercise under moderate heat stress conditions in caffeine-habituated and nonhabituated individuals. Twenty-eight participants [14 habituated (HAB) (4 ... ...

Abstract	To assess the impact of acute caffeine ingestion on thermoregulatory responses during steady-state exercise under moderate heat stress conditions in caffeine-habituated and nonhabituated individuals. Twenty-eight participants [14 habituated (HAB) (4 females) and 14 nonhabituated (NHAB) (6 females)] cycled at a fixed metabolic heat production (7 W·kg
MeSH term(s)	Body Temperature Regulation ; Caffeine ; Exercise ; Female ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Thermogenesis
Chemical Substances	Caffeine (3G6A5W338E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	219139-8
ISSN	1522-1601 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
ISSN (online)	1522-1601
ISSN	0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
DOI	10.1152/japplphysiol.00172.2021
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Article ; Online: Independent Influence of Skin Temperature on Whole-Body Sweat Rate.

Hospers, Lily / Cheuvront, Samuel N / Kenefick, Robert W / Jay, Ollie

Medicine and science in sports and exercise

2020 Volume 52, Issue 11, Page(s) 2423–2429

Abstract: Purpose: It is often assumed that a person with a higher mean skin temperature (Tsk) will sweat more during exercise. However, it has not yet been demonstrated whether Tsk describes any individual variability in whole-body sweat rate (WBSR) ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: It is often assumed that a person with a higher mean skin temperature (Tsk) will sweat more during exercise. However, it has not yet been demonstrated whether Tsk describes any individual variability in whole-body sweat rate (WBSR) independently of the evaporative requirement for heat balance (Ereq). Methods: One hundred forty bouts of 2-h treadmill walking completed by a pool of 21 participants (23 ± 4 yr, 174 ± 8 cm, 76 ± 11 kg, 1.9 ± 0.2 m) under up to nine conditions were analyzed. Trials employed varying rates of metabolic heat production (Hprod; 197-813 W), and environmental conditions (15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C; all 50% relative humidity), yielding a wide range of Ereq (86-684 W) and Tsk values (26.9°C-34.4°C). Results: The individual variation observed in WBSR was best described using Ereq (in watts; R = 0.784) as a sole descriptor, relative to Ereq (in watts per meter squared; R = 0.735), Hprod (in watts; R = 0.639), Hprod (in watts per meter squared; R = 0.584), ambient air temperature (Ta) (R = 0.263), and Tsk (R = 0.077; all, P < 0.001). A multiple stepwise linear regression included only Ereq (in watts; adjusted R = 0.784), with Tsk not significantly correlating with the residual variance (P = 0.285), independently of Ereq (in watts). Hprod (in watts) had similar predictive strength to Ereq (in watts) at a fixed air temperature, explaining only 5.2% at 30°C, 4.9% at 25°C, 2.7% at 20°C, and 0.5% at 15°C (all, P < 0.001) less variance in WBSR compared with Ereq. However, when data from all ambient temperatures were pooled, Hprod alone was a markedly worse predictor of WBSR than Ereq (R = 0.639 vs 0.784; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Ereq (in watts) explained approximately four-fifths of the individual variation in WBSR over a range of ambient temperatures and exercise intensities, whereas Tsk did not explain any residual variance independently of Ereq.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Exercise/physiology ; Exercise Test ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Skin Temperature/physiology ; Sweating/physiology ; Thermogenesis/physiology ; Young Adult
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603994-7
ISSN	1530-0315 ; 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
ISSN (online)	1530-0315
ISSN	0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
DOI	10.1249/MSS.0000000000002381
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Article ; Online: Optimal break structures and cooling strategies to mitigate heat stress during a Rugby League match simulation.

Graham, Connor / Lynch, Grant P / English, Timothy / Hospers, Lily / Jay, Ollie

Journal of science and medicine in sport

2021 Volume 24, Issue 8, Page(s) 793–799

Abstract: Objectives: To examine, 1) optimal structure of break periods to mitigate physiological heat strain during rugby league play (Stage 1); and ii) effectiveness of three different cooling strategies applied during breaks (Stage 2).: Design: Counter- ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To examine, 1) optimal structure of break periods to mitigate physiological heat strain during rugby league play (Stage 1); and ii) effectiveness of three different cooling strategies applied during breaks (Stage 2). Design: Counter-balanced crossover design. Methods: In 37 °C, 50% RH, 11 males completed six simulated 80-min (two 40-min halves) rugby league matches on a treadmill with different break structures: regular game (RG) (12-min halftime), 1-min or 3-min "quarter-time" breaks halfway through each half with a 12-min halftime break (R1C and R3C), a 20-min halftime break (EH), or 1-min or 3-min quarter-time breaks with a 20-min halftime break (E1C and E3C) [Stage 1]. Nine participants completed Stage 2, which assessed the application of either ice towels (ICE), an electric fan (FAN) or a misting fan (MST) during breaks in the E3C protocol which, in Stage 1, prevailed as the optimal break structure. Results: Stage 1: Irrespective of quarter-time break duration, reductions in rectal temperature (-0.24 °C ± 0.24) and heart rate (-61 ± 10 bpm) during the halftime break were greater with a 20-min compared to a 12-min break (-0.08 ± 0.13 °C, p = 0.005; -55 ± -9 bpm, p = 0.021). Stage 2: End-game rises in rectal temperature were smaller (p < 0.006) in MST (1.41 ± 0.22 °C), FAN (1.55 ± 0.36 °C) and ICE (1.60 ± 0.21 °C) than in CON (1.80 ± 0.39 °C). The end-halftime heart rate was lower (p < 0.001) in ICE (89 ± 13 bpm), MST (90 ± 10 bpm) and FAN (92 ± 13 bpm) than in CON (99 ± 18 bpm). Conclusions: Combining an extended halftime period and quarter-time breaks with MST application is the optimal cooling strategy for rugby league players in hot, humid conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Body Temperature Regulation ; Cross-Over Studies ; Cryotherapy/methods ; Football/physiology ; Heart Rate ; Heat Stress Disorders/prevention & control ; Heat-Shock Response ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Humidity ; Ice ; Male ; Perception/physiology ; Physical Exertion/physiology ; Rest ; Thermosensing ; Time Factors
Chemical Substances	Ice
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-29
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1437829-2
ISSN	1878-1861 ; 1440-2440
ISSN (online)	1878-1861
ISSN	1440-2440
DOI	10.1016/j.jsams.2021.04.013
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Article ; Online: Electric fans: A potential stay-at-home cooling strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic this summer?

Hospers, Lily / Smallcombe, James W / Morris, Nathan B / Capon, Anthony / Jay, Ollie

The Science of the total environment

2020 Volume 747, Page(s) 141180

Abstract: Current public health guidance designed to protect individuals against extreme heat and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is seemingly discordant, yet during the northern hemisphere summer, we are faced with the imminent threat of their simultaneous ... ...

Abstract	Current public health guidance designed to protect individuals against extreme heat and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is seemingly discordant, yet during the northern hemisphere summer, we are faced with the imminent threat of their simultaneous existence. Here we examine the environmental limits of electric fan-use in the context of the United States summer as a potential stay-at-home cooling strategy that aligns with existing efforts to mitigate the spread of SARS-COV-2.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Hot Temperature ; Housing ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Seasons ; United States ; Ventilation
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-25
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141180
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Article ; Online: The Effects of Electric Fan Use Under Differing Resting Heat Index Conditions: A Clinical Trial.

Morris, Nathan B / English, Timothy / Hospers, Lily / Capon, Anthony / Jay, Ollie

Annals of internal medicine

2019 Volume 171, Issue 9, Page(s) 675–677

MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Body Temperature ; Cardiovascular System ; Cross-Over Studies ; Heat Stress Disorders/prevention & control ; Hot Temperature/adverse effects ; Humans ; Male
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	336-0
ISSN	1539-3704 ; 0003-4819
ISSN (online)	1539-3704
ISSN	0003-4819
DOI	10.7326/M19-0512
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Article: Independent Influence of Skin Temperature on Whole-Body Sweat Rate

Hospers, Lily / Cheuvront, Samuel N / Kenefick, Robert W / Jay, Ollie

Med. sci. sports exerc

Abstract: PURPOSE: It is often assumed a person with a higher mean skin temperature (Tsk) will sweat more during exercise. However, it has not yet been demonstrated whether Tsk describes any individual variability in whole-body sweat rate (WBSR) independently of ... ...

Abstract	PURPOSE: It is often assumed a person with a higher mean skin temperature (Tsk) will sweat more during exercise. However, it has not yet been demonstrated whether Tsk describes any individual variability in whole-body sweat rate (WBSR) independently of the evaporative requirement for heat balance (Ereq). METHODS: 140 bouts of 2-h treadmill walking completed by a pool of 21 participants (23±4 y, 174±8 cm, 76±11 kg, 1.9±0.2 m) under up to 9 conditions were analyzed. Trials employed varying rates of metabolic heat production (Hprod) (197-813 W), and environmental conditions (15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C; all 50% RH), yielding a wide range of Ereq (86-684 W) and Tsk values (26.9-34.4°C). RESULTS: The individual variation observed in WBSR was best described using Ereq (in W) (R=0.784) as a sole descriptor, relative to Ereq (in W·m) (R=0.735), Hprod (in W) (R=0.639), Hprod (in W·m) (R=0.584), Ta (R=0.263) and Tsk (R=0.077); all P<0.001. A multiple stepwise linear regression included only Ereq (in W) (adjusted R=0.784), with Tsk not significantly correlating with the residual variance (P=0.285), independently of Ereq (in W). Hprod (in W) had similar predictive strength to Ereq (in W) at a fixed air temperature, explaining only 5.2% at 30°C, 4.9% at 25°C, 2.7% at 20°C and 0.5% at 15°C (all P<0.001) less variance in WBSR compared to Ereq. However, when data from all ambient temperatures were pooled, Hprod alone was a markedly worse predictor of WBSR than Ereq (R=0.639 vs. 0.784; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Ereq (in W) explained approximately four-fifths of the individual variation in WBSR over a range of ambient temperatures and exercise intensities, while Tsk did not explain any residual variance independently of Ereq.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #32735116
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Electric fans

Hospers, Lily / Smallcombe, James W. / Morris, Nathan B. / Capon, Anthony / Jay, Ollie

Science of The Total Environment

A potential stay-at-home cooling strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic this summer?

2020 Volume 747, Page(s) 141180

Keywords	Environmental Engineering ; Waste Management and Disposal ; Pollution ; Environmental Chemistry ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141180
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Preliminary Study of the Effect of Dousing and Foot Immersion on Cardiovascular and Thermal Responses to Extreme Heat.

Morris, Nathan B / Gruss, Fabian / Lempert, Sarah / English, Timothy / Hospers, Lily / Capon, Anthony / Jay, Ollie

JAMA

2019 Volume 322, Issue 14, Page(s) 1411–1413

MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Body Temperature/physiology ; Body Temperature Regulation/physiology ; Drinking/physiology ; Extreme Heat/adverse effects ; Female ; Fever/prevention & control ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Humans ; Humidity/adverse effects ; Male ; Sweating/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2958-0
ISSN	1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
ISSN (online)	1538-3598
ISSN	0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
DOI	10.1001/jama.2019.13051
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Article: Electric fans: A potential stay-at-home cooling strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic this summer?

Hospers, Lily / Smallcombe, James W / Morris, Nathan B / Capon, Anthony / Jay, Ollie

Sci Total Environ

Abstract	Current public health guidance designed to protect individuals against extreme heat and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is seemingly discordant, yet during the northern hemisphere summer, we are faced with the imminent threat of their simultaneous existence. Here we examine the environmental limits of electric fan-use in the context of the United States summer as a potential stay-at-home cooling strategy that aligns with existing efforts to mitigate the spread of SARS-COV-2.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #670588
Database	COVID19

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