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Article ; Online: The Faces of Women in AACC - A Historical Reflection on AACC Leadership and Awards.

Franks, Caroline E / Gronowski, Ann M

2021 Volume 67, Issue 2, Page(s) 449–453

MeSH term(s)	Awards and Prizes ; Chemistry, Clinical/history ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Leadership ; Societies, Medical/history ; Women/history
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Historical Article ; News
ZDB-ID	80102-1
ISSN	1530-8561 ; 0009-9147
ISSN (online)	1530-8561
ISSN	0009-9147
DOI	10.1093/clinchem/hvaa253
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Article: On the Basis of Race: The Utility of a Race Factor in Estimating Glomerular Filtration.

Franks, Caroline E / Scott, Mitchell G

The journal of applied laboratory medicine

2021 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 155–166

Abstract: Background: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of the combined rate of filtration of all functional nephrons in the kidney. Measurement of GFR is used in the clinic to detect, stratify, and monitor progression of kidney dysfunction, and also ... ...

Abstract	Background: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of the combined rate of filtration of all functional nephrons in the kidney. Measurement of GFR is used in the clinic to detect, stratify, and monitor progression of kidney dysfunction, and also serves as a prognostic tool for staging chronic kidney disease (CKD). The gold standard method for measuring GFR is by plasma or urine clearance of exogenous filtration markers, but this is not feasible in routine clinical practice. The most commonly used method to assess GFR is using equations for estimated GFR (eGFR). Content: Addition of a race factor to eGFR equations has been recommended to optimize performance for Black individuals. Here, we review the basis of the race-based equation and assess its utility and widespread applicability. Summary: Although evidence supporting the performance of a race factor exists in the unique populations in which these estimation equations were derived, more studies are needed to assess the need, or lack thereof, for race factors for all ethnicities. Furthermore, ethnicity is complex and likely cannot be qualified with a 2-level descriptor.
MeSH term(s)	Creatinine ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney ; Race Factors ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis
Chemical Substances	Creatinine (AYI8EX34EU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2576-9456
ISSN	2576-9456
DOI	10.1093/jalm/jfaa128
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Article ; Online: "Shaking" the Kidneys Up!

Sina, Jason / Tawiah, Kwaku D / Scott, Mitchell G / Franks, Caroline E

Clinical chemistry

2022 Volume 68, Issue 3, Page(s) 481–482

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Kidney
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80102-1
ISSN	1530-8561 ; 0009-9147
ISSN (online)	1530-8561
ISSN	0009-9147
DOI	10.1093/clinchem/hvab221
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Article ; Online: Activity-Based Kinome Profiling Using Chemical Proteomics and ATP Acyl Phosphates.

Franks, Caroline E / Hsu, Ku-Lung

Current protocols in chemical biology

2019 Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) e72

Abstract: Human kinases are a large family of proteins (500+) that catalyze ATP-dependent phosphorylation of protein and metabolite substrates to regulate diverse facets of cell biology. Dysregulation and mutations of protein kinases are linked to human disease, ... ...

Abstract	Human kinases are a large family of proteins (500+) that catalyze ATP-dependent phosphorylation of protein and metabolite substrates to regulate diverse facets of cell biology. Dysregulation and mutations of protein kinases are linked to human disease, providing opportunities for developing pharmacological agents as potential therapy. Assessing the selectivity of pharmacological compounds targeting this enzyme class is critical given that off-target activity of kinase inhibitor drugs may result in toxicity. This set of protocols outlines use of ATP acyl phosphate activity-based probes to evaluate the potency and selectivity of kinase inhibitors via fluorescent gel- and mass spectrometry-based detection methods. These competitive chemical proteomic assays can evaluate engagement of >200 native kinase targets directly in complex proteomes. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
MeSH term(s)	Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diacylglycerol Kinase/genetics ; Diacylglycerol Kinase/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Isotope Labeling ; Molecular Probes/chemistry ; Molecular Probes/metabolism ; Phosphotransferases/genetics ; Phosphotransferases/metabolism ; Proteome/analysis ; Proteomics/methods ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Chemical Substances	Molecular Probes ; Proteome ; Recombinant Proteins ; Phosphotransferases (EC 2.7.-) ; Diacylglycerol Kinase (EC 2.7.1.107)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	2160-4762
ISSN (online)	2160-4762
DOI	10.1002/cpch.72
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Article: Elevated Cardiac Troponin I Is Associated with Poor Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients at an Academic Medical Center in Midwestern USA.

Franks, Caroline E / Scott, Mitchell G / Farnsworth, Christopher W

The journal of applied laboratory medicine

2020 Volume 5, Issue 5, Page(s) 1137–1139

MeSH term(s)	Academic Medical Centers ; Adult ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Troponin I
Chemical Substances	Troponin I
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ISSN	2576-9456
ISSN	2576-9456
DOI	10.1093/jalm/jfaa092
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Article ; Online: Detecting Fentanyl Analogs in Urine Using Precursor Ion Scan Mode.

Budelier, Melissa M / Franks, Caroline E / Farnsworth, Christopher W / Roper, Stephen M

Journal of analytical toxicology

2021

Abstract: The opioid crisis has led many providers to inquire about the capabilities of urine drug testing to detect contemporary compounds such as fentanyl and fentanyl analogs. However, current methods for clinical urine drug testing, including immunoassays and ... ...

Abstract	The opioid crisis has led many providers to inquire about the capabilities of urine drug testing to detect contemporary compounds such as fentanyl and fentanyl analogs. However, current methods for clinical urine drug testing, including immunoassays and targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, are not designed to broadly screen for the variety of fentanyl analogs that may be encountered. In this proof-of-principle study we developed a precursor ion scan method to enable semi-targeted data acquisition for structurally related fentanyl analogs. Based on the knowledge that many analogs fragment to m/z=188 and m/z=105, data was acquired on all precursor ions 250-400 Da that fragmented to these product ions. Using a tandem mass spectrometer we analyzed 102 residual urine specimens, in which we identified fentanyl, acetylfentanyl and acrylfentanyl. In 30 contrived urine samples, the precursor ion scan was also able to identify furanylfentanyl, butryrlfentanyl, 4-fluroisobutrylfentanyl, and despropionylfentanyl with accuracy ranging from 83-100%.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	752391-9
ISSN	1945-2403 ; 0146-4760
ISSN (online)	1945-2403
ISSN	0146-4760
DOI	10.1093/jat/bkab002
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Article ; Online: Comparison between BNP and NT-proBNP in pediatric populations.

Tawiah, Kwaku D / Franks, Caroline E / Tang, Jessica / Gazit, Avihu / Dietzen, Dennis J / Farnsworth, Christopher W

Clinical biochemistry

2022

Abstract: Background: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are essential biomarkers for the evaluation of cardiac pathologies. However, pediatric reference intervals for BNP and NT-proBNP are not well defined ... ...

Abstract	Background: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are essential biomarkers for the evaluation of cardiac pathologies. However, pediatric reference intervals for BNP and NT-proBNP are not well defined and concordance between them in the evaluation of pediatric patients has been poorly described. Methods: Paired BNP and NT-proBNP testing was performed on 311 specimens representing 175 pediatric patients. Pediatric BNP and NT-proBNP reference intervals derived from the literature were used to evaluate concordance of results based on age group and cardiac pathology. Results: Deming regression analysis of BNP and NT-proBNP results revealed a slope of 13.63 (95% CI, 10.35-16.92) and y-intercept of -977.8 (-2063-107.2) with a positive Spearman correlation (r = 0.91). By age group, concordance kappa between BNP and NT-proBNP was 1.0 for 0-10 days, 0.23 (0-0.62) for 11-30 days, 0.82 (0.67-0.97) for 31 days-1 year, 0.81 (0.57-1.0) for 1-2 years and 0.73 (0.64-0.86) for 2-18 years. The ratio of NT-proBNP to BNP was lowest in heart transplant patients (ratio, 6.5 [95% CI, 5.1-8.1]) relative to those with heart disease (10.5 [8.8-13.7]) and pulmonary hypertension (14.2 [11.3-16.0]) but no differences in concordance were observed. For serial specimens, 21% displayed inverse, discordant changes in BNP and NT-proBNP results. Review of discordant serial results revealed that kinetics of changes was comparable and unlikely to be clinically significant. Conclusions: There is positive correlation and moderate concordance between BNP and NT-proBNP in the pediatric population studied.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390372-2
ISSN	1873-2933 ; 0009-9120
ISSN (online)	1873-2933
ISSN	0009-9120
DOI	10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.08.003
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Zs.A 624: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Utility of Commercially Available Quantitative hCG Immunoassays as Tumor Markers in Trophoblastic and Non-Trophoblastic Disease.

Franks, Caroline E / Li, Jieli / Martinez, Magen / Farnsworth, Christopher W / Jones, Patricia M / Grenache, David G / Meng, Qing H / Gronowski, Ann M

Clinical chemistry

2023

Abstract: Background: The use of quantitative human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as a tumor marker is widely accepted despite lack of FDA-approval for oncology. Differences in iso- and glycoform recognition among hCG immunoassays is well established, exhibiting ... ...

Abstract	Background: The use of quantitative human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as a tumor marker is widely accepted despite lack of FDA-approval for oncology. Differences in iso- and glycoform recognition among hCG immunoassays is well established, exhibiting wide inter-method variability. Here, we assess the utility of 5 quantitative hCG immunoassays for use as tumor markers in trophoblastic and non-trophoblastic disease. Methods: Remnant specimens were obtained from 150 patients with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), germ cell tumors (GCT), or other malignancies. Specimens were identified by review of results from physician-ordered hCG and tumor marker testing. Five analyzer platforms were used for split specimen analysis of hCG: Abbott Architect Total, Roche cobas STAT, Roche cobas Total, Siemens Dimension Vista Total, and Beckman Access Total. Results: Frequency of elevated hCG concentrations (above reference cutoffs) was highest in GTD (100%), followed by GCT (55% to 57%), and other malignancies (8% to 23%). Overall, the Roche cobas Total detected elevated hCG in the greatest number of specimens (63/150). Detection of elevated hCG in trophoblastic disease was nearly equivalent among all immunoassays (range, 41 to 42/60). Conclusions: While no immunoassay is likely to be perfect in all clinical situations, results for the 5 hCG immunoassays evaluated suggest that all are adequate for use of hCG as a tumor marker in gestational trophoblastic disease and select germ cell tumors. Further harmonization of hCG methods is needed as serial testing for biochemical tumor monitoring must still be performed using a single method. Additional studies are needed to assess the utility of quantitative hCG as a tumor marker in other malignant disease.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80102-1
ISSN	1530-8561 ; 0009-9147
ISSN (online)	1530-8561
ISSN	0009-9147
DOI	10.1093/clinchem/hvad045
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Article ; Online: Complex interactions between diverse mobile genetic elements drive the evolution of metal-resistant bacterial genomes.

Mahbub, Khandaker Rayhan / Chénard, Caroline / Batinovic, Steven / Petrovski, Steve / Lauro, Federico M / Rahman, Md Hafizur / Megharaj, Mallavarapu / Franks, Ashley E / Labbate, Maurizio

Environmental microbiology

2023 Volume 25, Issue 12, Page(s) 3387–3405

Abstract: In this study, we compared the genomes of three metal-resistant bacteria isolated from mercury-contaminated soil. We identified diverse and novel MGEs with evidence of multiple LGT events shaping their genomic structure and heavy metal resistance. Among ... ...

Abstract	In this study, we compared the genomes of three metal-resistant bacteria isolated from mercury-contaminated soil. We identified diverse and novel MGEs with evidence of multiple LGT events shaping their genomic structure and heavy metal resistance. Among the three metal-resistant strains, Sphingobium sp SA2 and Sphingopyxis sp SE2 were resistant to multiple metals including mercury, cadmium, copper, zinc and lead. Pseudoxanthomonas sp SE1 showed resistance to mercury only. Whole genome sequencing by Illumina and Oxford Nanopore technologies was undertaken to obtain comprehensive genomic data. The Sphingobium and Sphingopyxis strains contained multiple chromosomes and plasmids, whereas the Pseudoxanthomonas strain contained one circular chromosome. Consistent with their metal resistance profiles, the strains of Sphingobium and Sphingopyxis contained a higher quantity of diverse metal resistance genes across their chromosomes and plasmids compared to the single-metal resistant Pseudoxanthomonas SE1. In all three strains, metal resistance genes were principally associated with various novel MGEs including genomic islands (GIs), integrative conjugative elements (ICEs), transposons, insertion sequences (IS), recombinase in trio (RIT) elements and group II introns, indicating their importance in facilitating metal resistance adaptation in a contaminated environment. In the Pseudoxanthomonas strain, metal resistance regions were largely situated on a GI. The chromosomes of the strains of Sphingobium and Sphingopyxis contained multiple metal resistance regions, which were likely acquired by several GIs, ICEs, numerous IS elements, several Tn3 family transposons and RIT elements. Two of the plasmids of Sphingobium were impacted by Tn3 family transposons and ISs likely integrating metal resistance genes. The two plasmids of Sphingopyxis harboured transposons, IS elements, an RIT element and a group II intron. This study provides a comprehensive annotation of complex genomic regions of metal resistance associated with novel MGEs. It highlights the critical importance of LGT in the evolution of metal resistance of bacteria in contaminated environments.
MeSH term(s)	DNA Transposable Elements/genetics ; Genome, Bacterial/genetics ; Plasmids/genetics ; Genomic Islands ; Bacteria/genetics ; Mercury
Chemical Substances	DNA Transposable Elements ; Mercury (FXS1BY2PGL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2020213-1
ISSN	1462-2920 ; 1462-2912
ISSN (online)	1462-2920
ISSN	1462-2912
DOI	10.1111/1462-2920.16532
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Article: A Comparison of Four 3-Axis-Accelerometers for Monitoring Hospital Pneumatic Tube Systems.

Franks, Caroline E / Krekeler, James A / Gronowski, Ann M / Farnsworth, Christopher W

The journal of applied laboratory medicine

2020 Volume 5, Issue 6, Page(s) 1345–1350

Abstract: Background: Validation of hospital pneumatic tube systems (PTS) is recommended to predict and prevent errors caused by sample hemolysis. 3-Axis accelerometer dataloggers have been successfully implemented as tools for PTS validation, but the most ... ...

Abstract	Background: Validation of hospital pneumatic tube systems (PTS) is recommended to predict and prevent errors caused by sample hemolysis. 3-Axis accelerometer dataloggers have been successfully implemented as tools for PTS validation, but the most suitable device for such validation has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of four commercially available 3-axis accelerometers for PTS validation. Methods: PCE-VD3 (PCE), CEM DT-178A (CEM), Extech VB300 (EXT), and MSR 145 (MSR) dataloggers were placed into a single PTS carrier and repeatedly transported through one of three PTS routes. The number and magnitude of accelerations within each PTS route was collected by each device. Deming regression analysis was used to compare device performance. Results: The MSR datalogger captured the greatest number of g-forces >3 g, 5 g, 10 g, and 15 g, and the greatest magnitude of g-force (26.7 g) relative to the other devices (CEM: 23.0 g, EXT: 23.3 g, PCE: 23.7 g). As a result of increased sampling frequency, the MSR recorded the lowest AUC and the greatest number of g-forces exceeding 3 g relative to the other devices. Subjectively, the data were difficult to extract from 4 tested devices. Conclusions: Commercially available dataloggers differ in their ability to detect the number and magnitude of g-forces within PTSs. We recommend that one device be used to perform all PTS evaluations, with baseline evaluations for tolerable AUC, number, and magnitude of g-forces established internally. Lack of harmonization, cumbersome data processing, and time-consuming data analysis are substantial barriers to universal implementation of dataloggers for PTS validation and monitoring.
MeSH term(s)	Accelerometry ; Blood Specimen Collection ; Hemolysis ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Specimen Handling
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2576-9456
ISSN	2576-9456
DOI	10.1093/jalm/jfaa081
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