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  1. Book ; Online: The Entangled Brain

    Pessoa, Luiz

    How Perception, Cognition, and Emotion Are Woven Together

    (The MIT Press)

    2022  

    Series title The MIT Press
    Keywords Neurosciences ; Cognitive science ; Drug-induced states ; Cognitive studies ; Cognition and cognitive psychology
    Language English
    Size 1 electronic resource (280 pages)
    Publisher The MIT Press
    Publishing place Cambridge
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English
    HBZ-ID HT030378549
    ISBN 9780262544603 ; 0262544601
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: The Spiraling Cognitive-Emotional Brain: Combinatorial, Reciprocal, and Reentrant Macro-organization.

    Pessoa, Luiz

    Journal of cognitive neuroscience

    2024  , Page(s) 1–15

    Abstract: This article proposes a framework for understanding the macro-scale organization of anatomical pathways in the mammalian brain. The architecture supports flexible behavioral decisions across a spectrum of spatio-temporal scales. The proposal emphasizes ... ...

    Abstract This article proposes a framework for understanding the macro-scale organization of anatomical pathways in the mammalian brain. The architecture supports flexible behavioral decisions across a spectrum of spatio-temporal scales. The proposal emphasizes the combinatorial, reciprocal, and reentrant connectivity-called CRR neuroarchitecture-between cortical, BG, thalamic, amygdala, hypothalamic, and brainstem circuits. Thalamic nuclei, especially midline/intralaminar nuclei, are proposed to act as hubs routing the flow of signals between noncortical areas and pFC. The hypothalamus also participates in multiregion circuits via its connections with cortex and thalamus. At slower timescales, long-range behaviors integrate signals across levels of the neuroaxis. At fast timescales, parallel engagement of pathways allows urgent behaviors while retaining flexibility. Overall, the proposed architecture enables context-dependent, adaptive behaviors spanning proximate to distant spatio-temporal scales. The framework promotes an integrative perspective and a distributed, heterarchical view of brain function.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1007410-7
    ISSN 1530-8898 ; 0898-929X ; 1096-8857
    ISSN (online) 1530-8898
    ISSN 0898-929X ; 1096-8857
    DOI 10.1162/jocn_a_02146
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Disentangling Some Conceptual Knots.

    Pessoa, Luiz

    Journal of cognitive neuroscience

    2023  Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 391–395

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1007410-7
    ISSN 1530-8898 ; 0898-929X ; 1096-8857
    ISSN (online) 1530-8898
    ISSN 0898-929X ; 1096-8857
    DOI 10.1162/jocn_a_01961
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Noncortical cognition: integration of information for close-proximity behavioral problem-solving.

    Pessoa, Luiz

    Current opinion in behavioral sciences

    2023  Volume 55

    Abstract: Animals face behavioral problems that can be conceptualized in terms of a gradient of spatial and temporal proximity. I propose that solving close-proximity behavioral problems involves integrating disparate types of information in complex and flexible ... ...

    Abstract Animals face behavioral problems that can be conceptualized in terms of a gradient of spatial and temporal proximity. I propose that solving close-proximity behavioral problems involves integrating disparate types of information in complex and flexible ways. In this framework, the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) is understood as a key region involved in close-proximity motivated cognition. Anatomically, the PAG has access to signals across the neuroaxis via extensive connectivity with cortex, subcortex, and brainstem. However, the flow of signals is not unidirectional, as the PAG projects to the cortex directly, and further ascending signal flow is attained via the midline thalamus. Overall, the anatomical organization of the PAG allows is to be a critical hub engaged in cognition "here and now".
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-07
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2352-1546
    ISSN 2352-1546
    DOI 10.1016/j.cobeha.2023.101329
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: How many brain regions are needed to elucidate the neural bases of fear and anxiety?

    Pessoa, Luiz

    Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

    2023  Volume 146, Page(s) 105039

    Abstract: We suggest that to understand complex behaviors associated with fear and anxiety, we need to understand brain processes at the collective, network level. But what should be the type and spatial scale of the targeted circuits/networks? Not only are multi- ... ...

    Abstract We suggest that to understand complex behaviors associated with fear and anxiety, we need to understand brain processes at the collective, network level. But what should be the type and spatial scale of the targeted circuits/networks? Not only are multi-region interactions essential-including complex reciprocal interactions, loops, and other types of arrangement-but it is profitable to characterize circuits spanning the entire neuroaxis. In particular, it is productive to conceptualize the circuits contributing to fear/anxiety as embedded into large-scale connectional systems. We discuss circuits involving the basolateral amygdala that contribute to aversive conditioning and fear extinction. In addition, we highlight the importance of the extended amygdala (central nucleus of the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) cortical-subcortical loop, which allows large swaths of cortex and subcortex to influence fear and anxiety. In this manner, fear/anxiety can be understood not only based on traditional "descending" mechanisms involving the hypothalamus and brainstem, but in terms of a considerably broader reentrant organization.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Fear ; Extinction, Psychological ; Anxiety ; Brain ; Anxiety Disorders ; Septal Nuclei
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 282464-4
    ISSN 1873-7528 ; 0149-7634
    ISSN (online) 1873-7528
    ISSN 0149-7634
    DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105039
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The Entangled Brain.

    Pessoa, Luiz

    Journal of cognitive neuroscience

    2022  Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 349–360

    Abstract: The Entangled Brain (Pessoa, L., 2002. MIT Press) promotes the idea that we need to understand ...

    Abstract The Entangled Brain (Pessoa, L., 2002. MIT Press) promotes the idea that we need to understand the brain as a complex, entangled system. Why does the complex systems perspective, one that entails emergent properties, matter for brain science? In fact, many neuroscientists consider these ideas a distraction. We discuss three principles of brain organization that inform the question of the interactional complexity of the brain: (1) massive combinatorial anatomical connectivity; (2) highly distributed functional coordination; and (3) networks/circuits as functional units. To motivate the challenges of mapping structure and function, we discuss neural circuits illustrating the high anatomical and functional interactional complexity typical in the brain. We discuss potential avenues for testing for network-level properties, including those relying on distributed computations across multiple regions. We discuss implications for brain science, including the need to characterize decentralized and heterarchical anatomical-functional organization. The view advocated has important implications for causation, too, because traditional accounts of causality provide poor candidates for explanation in interactionally complex systems like the brain given the distributed, mutual, and reciprocal nature of the interactions. Ultimately, to make progress understanding how the brain supports complex mental functions, we need to dissolve boundaries within the brain-those suggested to be associated with perception, cognition, action, emotion, motivation-as well as outside the brain, as we bring down the walls between biology, psychology, mathematics, computer science, philosophy, and so on.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Brain ; Cognition ; Emotions ; Motivation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1007410-7
    ISSN 1530-8898 ; 0898-929X ; 1096-8857
    ISSN (online) 1530-8898
    ISSN 0898-929X ; 1096-8857
    DOI 10.1162/jocn_a_01908
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Brain dynamics and spatiotemporal trajectories during threat processing.

    Misra, Joyneel / Pessoa, Luiz

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: In the past decades, functional MRI research has investigated mental states and their brain bases in largely static fashion based on evoked responses during blocked and event-related designs. Despite some progress in naturalistic designs, our ... ...

    Abstract In the past decades, functional MRI research has investigated mental states and their brain bases in largely static fashion based on evoked responses during blocked and event-related designs. Despite some progress in naturalistic designs, our understanding of threat processing remains largely limited to those obtained with standard paradigms. In the present paper, we applied Switching Linear Dynamical Systems to uncover the dynamics of threat processing during a continuous threat-of-shock paradigm. Importantly, unlike studies in systems neuroscience that frequently assume that systems are decoupled from external inputs, we characterized both endogenous and exogenous contributions to dynamics. First, we demonstrated that the SLDS model learned the regularities of the experimental paradigm, such that states and state transitions estimated from fMRI time series data from 85 ROIs reflected both the proximity of the circles and their direction (approach vs. retreat). After establishing that the model captured key properties of threat-related processing, we characterized the dynamics of the states and their transitions. The results revealed that threat processing can profitably be viewed in terms of dynamic multivariate patterns whose trajectories are a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that jointly determine how the brain temporally evolves during dynamic threat. We propose that viewing threat processing through the lens of dynamical systems offers important avenues to uncover properties of the dynamics of threat that are not unveiled with standard experimental designs and analyses.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.04.06.588389
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Brain networks for emotion and cognition: Implications and tools for understanding mental disorders and pathophysiology.

    Pessoa, Luiz

    The Behavioral and brain sciences

    2019  Volume 42, Page(s) e23

    Abstract: Understanding how structure maps to function in the brain in terms of large-scale networks is critical to elucidating the brain basis of mental phenomena and mental disorders. Given that this mapping is many-to-many, I argue that researchers need to ... ...

    Abstract Understanding how structure maps to function in the brain in terms of large-scale networks is critical to elucidating the brain basis of mental phenomena and mental disorders. Given that this mapping is many-to-many, I argue that researchers need to shift to a multivariate brain and behavior characterization to fully unravel the contributions of brain processes to typical and atypical function.
    MeSH term(s) Brain ; Brain Diseases ; Cognition ; Emotions ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Psychopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 423721-3
    ISSN 1469-1825 ; 0140-525X
    ISSN (online) 1469-1825
    ISSN 0140-525X
    DOI 10.1017/S0140525X18001140
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Intelligent architectures for robotics: The merging of cognition and emotion.

    Pessoa, Luiz

    Physics of life reviews

    2019  Volume 31, Page(s) 157–170

    Abstract: What is the place of emotion in intelligent robots? In the past two decades, researchers have advocated for the inclusion of some emotion-related components in the general information processing architecture of autonomous agents, say, for better ... ...

    Abstract What is the place of emotion in intelligent robots? In the past two decades, researchers have advocated for the inclusion of some emotion-related components in the general information processing architecture of autonomous agents, say, for better communication with humans, or to instill a sense of urgency to action. The framework advanced here goes beyond these approaches and proposes that emotion and motivation need to be integrated with all aspects of the architecture. Thus, cognitive-emotional integration is a key design principle. Emotion is not an "add on" that endows a robot with "feelings" (for instance, reporting or expressing its internal state). It allows the significance of percepts, plans, and actions to be an integral part of all its computations. It is hypothesized that a sophisticated artificial intelligence cannot be built from separate cognitive and emotional modules. A hypothetical test inspired by the Turing test, called the Dolores test, is proposed to test this assertion.
    MeSH term(s) Biological Evolution ; Brain/physiology ; Cognition ; Emotions ; Executive Function ; Humans ; Robotics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2148883-6
    ISSN 1873-1457 ; 1571-0645
    ISSN (online) 1873-1457
    ISSN 1571-0645
    DOI 10.1016/j.plrev.2019.04.009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Neural dynamics of emotion and cognition: From trajectories to underlying neural geometry.

    Pessoa, Luiz

    Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society

    2019  Volume 120, Page(s) 158–166

    Abstract: How can we study, characterize, and understand the neural underpinnings of cognitive-emotional behaviors as inherently dynamic processes? In the past 50 years, Stephen Grossberg has developed a research program that embraces the themes of dynamics, ... ...

    Abstract How can we study, characterize, and understand the neural underpinnings of cognitive-emotional behaviors as inherently dynamic processes? In the past 50 years, Stephen Grossberg has developed a research program that embraces the themes of dynamics, decentralized computation, emergence, selection and competition, and autonomy. The present paper discusses how these principles can be heeded by experimental scientists to advance the understanding of the brain basis of behavior. It is suggested that a profitable way forward is to focus on investigating the dynamic multivariate structure of brain data. Accordingly, central research problems involve characterizing "neural trajectories" and the associated geometry of the underlying "neural space." Finally, it is argued that, at a time when the development of neurotechniques has reached a fever pitch, neuroscience needs to redirect its focus and invest comparable energy in the conceptual and theoretical dimensions of its research endeavor. Otherwise we run the risk of being able to measure "every atom" in the brain in a theoretical vacuum.
    MeSH term(s) Cognition ; Emotions ; Humans ; Models, Neurological ; Neural Networks, Computer
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 740542-x
    ISSN 1879-2782 ; 0893-6080
    ISSN (online) 1879-2782
    ISSN 0893-6080
    DOI 10.1016/j.neunet.2019.08.007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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