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  1. Article ; Online: Child mask mandates for COVID-19: a systematic review.

    Sandlund, Johanna / Duriseti, Ram / Ladhani, Shamez N / Stuart, Kelly / Noble, Jeanne / Høeg, Tracy Beth

    Archives of disease in childhood

    2024  Volume 109, Issue 3, Page(s) e2

    Abstract: Background: Mask mandates for children during the COVID-19 pandemic varied in different locations. A risk-benefit analysis of this intervention has not yet been performed. In this study, we performed a systematic review to assess research on the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Mask mandates for children during the COVID-19 pandemic varied in different locations. A risk-benefit analysis of this intervention has not yet been performed. In this study, we performed a systematic review to assess research on the effectiveness of mask wearing in children.
    Methods: We performed database searches up to February 2023. The studies were screened by title and abstract, and included studies were further screened as full-text references. A risk-of-bias analysis was performed by two independent reviewers and adjudicated by a third reviewer.
    Results: We screened 597 studies and included 22 in the final analysis. There were no randomised controlled trials in children assessing the benefits of mask wearing to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection or transmission. The six observational studies reporting an association between child masking and lower infection rate or antibody seropositivity had critical (n=5) or serious (n=1) risk of bias; all six were potentially confounded by important differences between masked and unmasked groups and two were shown to have non-significant results when reanalysed. Sixteen other observational studies found no association between mask wearing and infection or transmission.
    Conclusions: Real-world effectiveness of child mask mandates against SARS-CoV-2 transmission or infection has not been demonstrated with high-quality evidence. The current body of scientific data does not support masking children for protection against COVID-19.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Bias ; Antibodies
    Chemical Substances Antibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 524-1
    ISSN 1468-2044 ; 0003-9888 ; 1359-2998
    ISSN (online) 1468-2044
    ISSN 0003-9888 ; 1359-2998
    DOI 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326215
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Robust, Universal Tree Balance Indices.

    Lemant, Jeanne / Le Sueur, Cécile / Manojlović, Veselin / Noble, Robert

    Systematic biology

    2022  Volume 71, Issue 5, Page(s) 1210–1224

    Abstract: Balance indices that quantify the symmetry of branching events and the compactness of trees are widely used to compare evolutionary processes or tree-generating algorithms. Yet, existing indices are not defined for all rooted trees, are unreliable for ... ...

    Abstract Balance indices that quantify the symmetry of branching events and the compactness of trees are widely used to compare evolutionary processes or tree-generating algorithms. Yet, existing indices are not defined for all rooted trees, are unreliable for comparing trees with different numbers of leaves, and are sensitive to the presence or absence of rare types. The contributions of this article are twofold. First, we define a new class of robust, universal tree balance indices. These indices take a form similar to Colless' index but can account for population sizes, are defined for trees with any degree distribution, and enable meaningful comparison of trees with different numbers of leaves. Second, we show that for bifurcating and all other full m-ary cladograms (in which every internal node has the same out-degree), one such Colless-like index is equivalent to the normalized reciprocal of Sackin's index. Hence, we both unify and generalize the two most popular existing tree balance indices. Our indices are intrinsically normalized and can be computed in linear time. We conclude that these more widely applicable indices have the potential to supersede those in current use. [Cancer; clone tree; Colless index; Sackin index; species tree; tree balance.].
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Biological Evolution ; Phylogeny ; Population Density
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1482572-7
    ISSN 1076-836X ; 1063-5157
    ISSN (online) 1076-836X
    ISSN 1063-5157
    DOI 10.1093/sysbio/syac027
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Brief Summary of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Prophylactic and Treatment Drugs in the Emergency Department.

    Brown, Cortlyn / Noble, Jeanne / Coralic, Zlatan

    The western journal of emergency medicine

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) 510–513

    Abstract: As of March ... ...

    Abstract As of March 30
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ; United States
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2375700-0
    ISSN 1936-9018 ; 1936-900X
    ISSN (online) 1936-9018
    ISSN 1936-900X
    DOI 10.5811/westjem.2020.3.47328
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  4. Article ; Online: Brief Summary of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Prophylactic and Treatment Drugs in the Emergency Department

    Cortlyn Brown / Jeanne Noble / Zlatan Coralic

    Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol 21, Iss

    2020  Volume 3

    Abstract: As of March 30 th, 2020 there were 161,807 total cases and 2,953 total deaths of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, with the number of cases expected to rise. Other than supportive care, there are no SARS-CoV-2 specific treatments available for patients ... ...

    Abstract As of March 30 th, 2020 there were 161,807 total cases and 2,953 total deaths of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, with the number of cases expected to rise. Other than supportive care, there are no SARS-CoV-2 specific treatments available for patients discharged from the emergency department (ED) or those admitted to the hospital. In addition, there are no vaccines available to protect our at-risk healthcare workers. The National Institutes of Health is conducting a Phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate for a potential vaccine and the recipients have started to receive the investigational vaccine. 2 We present a brief overview of the potential prophylactic and treatment agents under investigation, some which could be initiated in the ED if proven effective.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ; RC86-88.9 ; covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher eScholarship Publishing, University of California
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Performance of Abbott ID-Now rapid nucleic amplification test for laboratory identification of COVID-19 in asymptomatic emergency department patients.

    Ramachandran, Anu / Noble, Jeanne / Deucher, Anne / Miller, Steve / Tang, Patrick Wai / Wang, Ralph C

    Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open

    2021  Volume 2, Issue 6, Page(s) e12592

    Abstract: Objective: We sought to evaluate the test characteristics of Abbott ID-Now as a screening tool compared to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for identification of COVID in an asymptomatic emergency department population.: Methods: We performed ... ...

    Abstract Objective: We sought to evaluate the test characteristics of Abbott ID-Now as a screening tool compared to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for identification of COVID in an asymptomatic emergency department population.
    Methods: We performed a prospective study enrolling a convenience sample of asymptomatic patients presenting to a single academic emergency department (ED) who received simultaneous testing with ID-Now and PCR per standardized ED protocols. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value (PPV, NPV) of ID-Now were calculated compared to PCR. Stratified analysis by cycle threshold (Ct) values was also performed, defined as high viral load (Ct < 33) and low viral load (Ct ≥ 33).
    Results: A total of 3121 patients were enrolled, of whom 2895 had valid results for ID-Now and PCR. COVID prevalence was 2.6%. ID-Now had a sensitivity of 85.1% (95% CI 75.9% to 92.7%) and a specificity of 99.7% (99.5% to 99.9%). PPV and NPV were high at 87.5% (83.1% to 96.1%) and 99.6% (99.3% to 99.8%). Stratified analysis by low and high Ct values demonstrated reduction in sensitivity in patients with low viral loads: 91.7% (81.6% to 97.2%) in low Ct value patients versus 58.3% (27.7% to 84.8%) in high Ct value patients.
    Conclusions: ID-Now had excellent performance in asymptomatic ED patients with a low rate of false positives. Cycle threshold analysis suggests a relationship between viral load and ID-Now sensitivity. Given its speed and performance in this population, ID-Now should be considered an excellent tool to support clinical decision-making in ED populations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2688-1152
    ISSN (online) 2688-1152
    DOI 10.1002/emp2.12592
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Brief Summary of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Prophylactic and Treatment Drugs in the Emergency Department

    Brown, Cortlyn / Noble, Jeanne / Coralic, Zlatan

    West J Emerg Med

    Abstract: As of March 30th, 2020 there were 161,807 total cases and 2,953 total deaths of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, with the number of cases expected to rise. Other than supportive care, there are no SARS-CoV-2 specific treatments available for patients ... ...

    Abstract As of March 30th, 2020 there were 161,807 total cases and 2,953 total deaths of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, with the number of cases expected to rise. Other than supportive care, there are no SARS-CoV-2 specific treatments available for patients discharged from the emergency department (ED) or those admitted to the hospital. In addition, there are no vaccines available to protect our at-risk healthcare workers. The National Institutes of Health is conducting a Phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate for a potential vaccine and the recipients have started to receive the investigational vaccine.2 We present a brief overview of the potential prophylactic and treatment agents under investigation, some which could be initiated in the ED if proven effective.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #32302280
    Database COVID19

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  7. Article ; Online: Correlation Between N95 Extended Use and Reuse and Fit Failure in an Emergency Department.

    Degesys, Nida F / Wang, Ralph C / Kwan, Elizabeth / Fahimi, Jahan / Noble, Jeanne A / Raven, Maria C

    JAMA

    2020  Volume 324, Issue 1, Page(s) 94–96

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Equipment Design/standards ; Equipment Failure ; Equipment Reuse/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Male ; Masks/standards ; Masks/supply & distribution ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; San Francisco/epidemiology ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Time Factors
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 2958-0
    ISSN 1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    ISSN (online) 1538-3598
    ISSN 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    DOI 10.1001/jama.2020.9843
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  8. Article ; Online: Brief Summary of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Prophylactic and Treatment Drugs in the Emergency Department

    Brown, Cortlyn / Noble, Jeanne / Coralic, Zlatan

    Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, vol 21, iss 3

    2020  

    Abstract: As of March 30th, 2020 there were 161,807 total cases and 2,953 total deaths of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, with the number of cases expected to rise. Other than supportive care, there are no SARS-CoV-2 specific treatments available for patients ... ...

    Abstract As of March 30th, 2020 there were 161,807 total cases and 2,953 total deaths of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, with the number of cases expected to rise. Other than supportive care, there are no SARS-CoV-2 specific treatments available for patients discharged from the emergency department (ED) or those admitted to the hospital. In addition, there are no vaccines available to protect our at-risk healthcare workers. The National Institutes of Health is conducting a Phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate for a potential vaccine and the recipients have started to receive the investigational vaccine.2 We present a brief overview of the potential prophylactic and treatment agents under investigation, some which could be initiated in the ED if proven effective.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; coronavirus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; treatment ; prophylaxis ; covid19
    Publishing date 2020-01-01
    Publisher eScholarship, University of California
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Spatial structure governs the mode of tumour evolution.

    Noble, Robert / Burri, Dominik / Le Sueur, Cécile / Lemant, Jeanne / Viossat, Yannick / Kather, Jakob Nikolas / Beerenwinkel, Niko

    Nature ecology & evolution

    2021  Volume 6, Issue 2, Page(s) 207–217

    Abstract: Characterizing the mode-the way, manner or pattern-of evolution in tumours is important for clinical forecasting and optimizing cancer treatment. Sequencing studies have inferred various modes, including branching, punctuated and neutral evolution, but ... ...

    Abstract Characterizing the mode-the way, manner or pattern-of evolution in tumours is important for clinical forecasting and optimizing cancer treatment. Sequencing studies have inferred various modes, including branching, punctuated and neutral evolution, but it is unclear why a particular pattern predominates in any given tumour. Here we propose that tumour architecture is key to explaining the variety of observed genetic patterns. We examine this hypothesis using spatially explicit population genetics models and demonstrate that, within biologically relevant parameter ranges, different spatial structures can generate four tumour evolutionary modes: rapid clonal expansion, progressive diversification, branching evolution and effectively almost neutral evolution. Quantitative indices for describing and classifying these evolutionary modes are presented. Using these indices, we show that our model predictions are consistent with empirical observations for cancer types with corresponding spatial structures. The manner of cell dispersal and the range of cell-cell interactions are found to be essential factors in accurately characterizing, forecasting and controlling tumour evolution.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neoplasms/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2397-334X
    ISSN (online) 2397-334X
    DOI 10.1038/s41559-021-01615-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Correlation Between N95 Extended Use and Reuse and Fit Failure in an Emergency Department

    Degesys, Nida F / Wang, Ralph C / Kwan, Elizabeth / Fahimi, Jahan / Noble, Jeanne A / Raven, Maria C

    JAMA

    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #685782
    Database COVID19

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