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Article: Emergency management at the health and security interface.

Hoile, R

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)

2020 Volume 39, Issue 2, Page(s) 503–512

Abstract: The world has recently witnessed the global impact of natural disease outbreaks, such as those caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Ebola virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and the lasting impact of ...

Abstract	The world has recently witnessed the global impact of natural disease outbreaks, such as those caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Ebola virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and the lasting impact of the accidental spread of foot and mouth disease in the United Kingdom. Natural outbreaks, of both emerging and re-emerging diseases, can have significant impacts on local, national and regional communities. An effective response to these outbreaks relies heavily on the coordination of both public health and Veterinary Services to identify the signs, symptoms and patterns of disease quickly and respond accordingly. The future global risks related to infectious disease are influenced by several factors, including human migration, urban development, agricultural development and climate change. As technology advances, we are more aware of the potential risks associated with dual-use equipment and research (defined as equipment or research that can be used for legitimate as well as nefarious purposes), synthetic biology, the engineering of biological systems, and the evolving modus operandi of criminals and terrorist groups. The ability to detect natural, accidental or deliberate outbreaks and incidents will rely heavily on cross-agency communication, establishment of informationsharing platforms, development of joint investigative strategies, and recognition that effective response requires a strong health and security agency interface. Therefore, the management of a suspicious biological incident requires intersectoral and interregional cooperation employing a comprehensive approach which considers prevention, preparedness, response and recovery and identifies and considers the unique characteristics and requirements of the incident.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-12
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	792125-1
ISSN	1608-0637 ; 0253-1933
ISSN (online)	1608-0637
ISSN	0253-1933
DOI	10.20506/rst.39.2.3101
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Zs.MO 291: Show issues

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Article: Emergency management at the health and security interface

Hoile, R

Rev Sci Tech

Abstract	The world has recently witnessed the global impact of natural disease outbreaks, such as those caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Ebola virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and the lasting impact of the accidental spread of foot and mouth disease in the United Kingdom. Natural outbreaks, of both emerging and re-emerging diseases, can have significant impacts on local, national and regional communities. An effective response to these outbreaks relies heavily on the coordination of both public health and Veterinary Services to identify the signs, symptoms and patterns of disease quickly and respond accordingly. The future global risks related to infectious disease are influenced by several factors, including human migration, urban development, agricultural development and climate change. As technology advances, we are more aware of the potential risks associated with dual-use equipment and research (defined as equipment or research that can be used for legitimate as well as nefarious purposes), synthetic biology, the engineering of biological systems, and the evolving modus operandi of criminals and terrorist groups. The ability to detect natural, accidental or deliberate outbreaks and incidents will rely heavily on cross-agency communication, establishment of informationsharing platforms, development of joint investigative strategies, and recognition that effective response requires a strong health and security agency interface. Therefore, the management of a suspicious biological incident requires intersectoral and interregional cooperation employing a comprehensive approach which considers prevention, preparedness, response and recovery and identifies and considers the unique characteristics and requirements of the incident.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #854820
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Texture and Color Enhancement Imaging Improves Colonic Adenoma Detection: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Young, Edward / Rajagopalan, Arvind / Tee, Derrick / Sathananthan, Dharshan / Hoile, Sophie / Singh, Rajvinder

Gastroenterology

2023 Volume 166, Issue 2, Page(s) 338–340.e3

Abstract: The global burden of colorectal cancer is expected to increase more than 60% by 2030; however, compelling evidence now shows that the implementation of population screening programs in developed countries has led to a substantial reduction in incidence ... ...

Abstract	The global burden of colorectal cancer is expected to increase more than 60% by 2030; however, compelling evidence now shows that the implementation of population screening programs in developed countries has led to a substantial reduction in incidence and mortality.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Colonic Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Colonoscopy/methods ; Adenoma/diagnostic imaging ; Adenoma/epidemiology ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Incidence ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Colonic Polyps/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80112-4
ISSN	1528-0012 ; 0016-5085
ISSN (online)	1528-0012
ISSN	0016-5085
DOI	10.1053/j.gastro.2023.10.008
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Zs.MO 572: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Are symptoms of insomnia in primary care associated with subsequent onset of dementia? A matched retrospective case-control study.

Hoile, Richard / Tabet, Naji / Smith, Helen / Bremner, Stephen / Cassell, Jackie / Ford, Elizabeth

Aging & mental health

2019 Volume 24, Issue 9, Page(s) 1466–1471

Abstract: Objective: ...

Abstract	Objective:
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Dementia/epidemiology ; Humans ; Primary Health Care ; Retrospective Studies ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1474804-6
ISSN	1364-6915 ; 1360-7863
ISSN (online)	1364-6915
ISSN	1360-7863
DOI	10.1080/13607863.2019.1695737
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Article ; Online: Correction: Fat and Carbohydrate Intake over Three Generations Modify Growth, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Phenotype in Female Mice in an Age-Related Manner.

Hoile, Samuel P / Grenfell, Leonie R / Hanson, Mark A / Lillycrop, Karen A / Burdge, Graham C

PloS one

2017 Volume 12, Issue 12, Page(s) e0189655

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134664.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134664.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0189655
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Article ; Online: Identifying undetected dementia in UK primary care patients: a retrospective case-control study comparing machine-learning and standard epidemiological approaches.

Ford, Elizabeth / Rooney, Philip / Oliver, Seb / Hoile, Richard / Hurley, Peter / Banerjee, Sube / van Marwijk, Harm / Cassell, Jackie

BMC medical informatics and decision making

2019 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 248

Abstract: Background: Identifying dementia early in time, using real world data, is a public health challenge. As only two-thirds of people with dementia now ultimately receive a formal diagnosis in United Kingdom health systems and many receive it late in the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Identifying dementia early in time, using real world data, is a public health challenge. As only two-thirds of people with dementia now ultimately receive a formal diagnosis in United Kingdom health systems and many receive it late in the disease process, there is ample room for improvement. The policy of the UK government and National Health Service (NHS) is to increase rates of timely dementia diagnosis. We used data from general practice (GP) patient records to create a machine-learning model to identify patients who have or who are developing dementia, but are currently undetected as having the condition by the GP. Methods: We used electronic patient records from Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Using a case-control design, we selected patients aged >65y with a diagnosis of dementia (cases) and matched them 1:1 by sex and age to patients with no evidence of dementia (controls). We developed a list of 70 clinical entities related to the onset of dementia and recorded in the 5 years before diagnosis. After creating binary features, we trialled machine learning classifiers to discriminate between cases and controls (logistic regression, naïve Bayes, support vector machines, random forest and neural networks). We examined the most important features contributing to discrimination. Results: The final analysis included data on 93,120 patients, with a median age of 82.6 years; 64.8% were female. The naïve Bayes model performed least well. The logistic regression, support vector machine, neural network and random forest performed very similarly with an AUROC of 0.74. The top features retained in the logistic regression model were disorientation and wandering, behaviour change, schizophrenia, self-neglect, and difficulty managing. Conclusions: Our model could aid GPs or health service planners with the early detection of dementia. Future work could improve the model by exploring the longitudinal nature of patient data and modelling decline in function over time.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Algorithms ; Bayes Theorem ; Case-Control Studies ; Computational Biology ; Dementia/diagnosis ; Electronic Health Records ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Machine Learning ; Male ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Primary Health Care ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; State Medicine ; Support Vector Machine ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2046490-3
ISSN	1472-6947 ; 1472-6947
ISSN (online)	1472-6947
ISSN	1472-6947
DOI	10.1186/s12911-019-0991-9
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Article ; Online: Comparison of quantitative PCR and culture-based methods for evaluating dispersal of Bacillus thuringiensis endospores at a bioterrorism hoax crime scene.

Crighton, Taryn / Hoile, Rebecca / Coleman, Nicholas V

Forensic science international

2012 Volume 219, Issue 1-3, Page(s) 88–95

Abstract: Since the anthrax mail attacks of 2001, law enforcement agencies have processed thousands of suspicious mail incidents globally, many of which are hoax bioterrorism threats. Bio-insecticide preparations containing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) spores have ... ...

Abstract	Since the anthrax mail attacks of 2001, law enforcement agencies have processed thousands of suspicious mail incidents globally, many of which are hoax bioterrorism threats. Bio-insecticide preparations containing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) spores have been involved in several such threats in Australia, leading to the requirement for rapid and sensitive detection techniques for this organism, a close relative of Bacillus anthracis. Here we describe the development of a quantitative PCR (qPCR) method for the detection of Bt crystal toxin gene cry1, and evaluation of the method's effectiveness during a hoax bioterrorism event in 2009. When combined with moist wipe sampling, the cry1 qPCR was a rapid, reliable, and sensitive diagnostic tool for detecting and quantifying Bt contamination, and mapping endospore dispersal within a mail sorting facility. Results from the cry1 qPCR were validated by viable counts of the same samples on Bacillus-selective agar (PEMBA), which revealed a similar pattern of contamination. Extensive and persistent contamination of the facility was detected, both within the affected mailroom, and extending into office areas up to 30m distant from the source event, emphasising the need for improved containment procedures for suspicious mail items, both during and post-event. The cry1 qPCR enables detection of both viable and non-viable Bt spores and cells, which is important for historical crime scenes or scenes subjected to decontamination. This work provides a new rapid method to add to the forensics toolbox for crime scenes suspected to be contaminated with biological agents.
MeSH term(s)	Bacillus thuringiensis/genetics ; Bacillus thuringiensis/isolation & purification ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacteriological Techniques ; Bioterrorism ; Colony Count, Microbial/methods ; DNA, Bacterial ; Deception ; Endotoxins/genetics ; Hemolysin Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Postal Service ; Spores, Bacterial/genetics ; Spores, Bacterial/isolation & purification
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins ; DNA, Bacterial ; Endotoxins ; Hemolysin Proteins ; insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-06-10
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Validation Studies
ZDB-ID	424042-x
ISSN	1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
ISSN (online)	1872-6283
ISSN	0379-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.12.003
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Article ; Online: Bioterrorism: the effects of biological decontamination on the recovery of electronic evidence.

Hoile, Rebecca / Banos, Connie / Colella, Michael / Roux, Claude

Forensic science international

2011 Volume 209, Issue 1-3, Page(s) 143–148

Abstract: The investigation of a bioterrorism event will ultimately lead to the collection of vital data from electronic devices such as computers and mobile phones. This project sought to determine the use of gamma irradiation and formaldehyde gas as effective ... ...

Abstract	The investigation of a bioterrorism event will ultimately lead to the collection of vital data from electronic devices such as computers and mobile phones. This project sought to determine the use of gamma irradiation and formaldehyde gas as effective biological decontaminants, and the effect of these methods on the recovery of electronic evidence. Electronic items were contaminated with viable spores and then exposed to both decontaminants. Log values for each matrix were calculated with flash drives recording the highest value of 566 Gy for gamma irradiation and a maximum of 50 min exposure to formaldehyde saw the effective destruction of spores. The results indicate that recovery of data varied based on the decontaminant selected, formaldehyde gas giving the most promising results, with electronic data recovered after the required exposure time. Gamma irradiation proved damaging to electronic circuitry at levels required to render the items safe. The implications to computer intelligence and forensics will be discussed based on the outcomes of these findings.
MeSH term(s)	Bacillus thuringiensis/drug effects ; Bacillus thuringiensis/radiation effects ; Bioterrorism ; Cell Phone ; Cobalt Radioisotopes ; Computer Peripherals ; Computers ; Decontamination/methods ; Formaldehyde ; Fumigation ; Humans ; Radiation Dosage ; Spores, Bacterial/drug effects ; Spores, Bacterial/radiation effects
Chemical Substances	Cobalt Radioisotopes ; Formaldehyde (1HG84L3525)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-06-15
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	424042-x
ISSN	1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
ISSN (online)	1872-6283
ISSN	0379-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.01.017
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Article ; Online: Three controlled trials of interventions to increase recruitment to a randomized controlled trial of mobile phone based smoking cessation support.

Free, Caroline / Hoile, Elizabeth / Robertson, Steven / Knight, Rosemary

Clinical trials (London, England)

2010 Volume 7, Issue 3, Page(s) 265–273

Abstract: Background: Recruitment is a major challenge for trials but there is little evidence regarding interventions to increase trial recruitment. We report three controlled trials of interventions to increase recruitment to the Txt2stop trial.: Purpose: To ...

Abstract	Background: Recruitment is a major challenge for trials but there is little evidence regarding interventions to increase trial recruitment. We report three controlled trials of interventions to increase recruitment to the Txt2stop trial. Purpose: To evaluate: Trial 1. The impact on registrations of a text message regarding an online registration facility; Trial 2. The impact on randomizations of sending pound5 with a covering letter to those eligible to join the trial; Trial 3. The impact on randomizations of text messages containing quotes from existing participants. Methods: Single blind controlled trials with allocation concealment. Interventions: Trial 1: A text message regarding our new online registration facility; Trial 2: A letter with pound5 enclosed; Trial 3: A series of four text messages containing quotes from participants. The control group in each trial received standard Txt2stop procedures. Results: Trial 1: 3.6% (17/470) of the intervention group and 1.1% (5/467) of the control group registered for the trial, risk difference 2.5% (95% CI 0.6-4.5). 0% (0/ 470) of the intervention group and 0.2% (1/467) of the control group registered successfully online, risk difference -0.2 (95% CI -0.6-0.2); Trial 2: 4.5% (11/246) of the intervention group and 0.4% (1/245) of the control group were randomized into the Txt2stop trial, risk difference 4.0% (95% CI 1.4-6.7); Trial 3: 3.5% (14/405) of the intervention group and 0% (0/406) of the control group were randomized into the Txt2stop trial, risk difference 3.5 (95% CI 1.7-5.2). Limitations: There were no baseline data available for trial 1. Allocation of participant IDs in trials 2 and 3 were systematic. Conclusion: Sending a text message about an online registration facility increased registrations to Txt2stop, but did not increase online registrations. Sending a pound5 reimbursement for participants' time and sending text messages containing quotes from existing participants increased randomizations into the Txt2stop trial. Clinical Trials 2010; 7: 265-273. http://ctj.sagepub.com.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cell Phone ; Communication ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Patient Selection ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Social Support ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-05-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2138796-5
ISSN	1740-7753 ; 1740-7745
ISSN (online)	1740-7753
ISSN	1740-7745
DOI	10.1177/1740774510367687
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Article: The National Confidential Enquiry into Peri-operative Deaths (NCEPOD).

Hoile, R W

Australian clinical review

1993 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 11–5; discussion 15–6

Abstract: The National Confidential Enquiry into Peri-operative Deaths (NCEPOD) is now established in the United Kingdom (excluding Scotland) as a voluntary, confidential system designed to review the clinical practice which precedes a death within 30 days of ... ...

Abstract	The National Confidential Enquiry into Peri-operative Deaths (NCEPOD) is now established in the United Kingdom (excluding Scotland) as a voluntary, confidential system designed to review the clinical practice which precedes a death within 30 days of surgery. The Enquiry is comprehensive, widely representative and authoritative. To date, two reports have been published and there is an ongoing programme planned. The influence of these reports on the practice of anaesthesia and surgery in Britain is undeniable.
MeSH term(s)	Anesthesia/mortality ; Anesthesia Department, Hospital/standards ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Medical Audit ; State Medicine/standards ; Surgery Department, Hospital/standards ; Surgical Procedures, Operative/mortality ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	1993
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639092-4
ISSN	0726-3139
ISSN	0726-3139
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