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Article ; Online: Triage Considerations for Mass Casualty Incidents: In Reply to Sherman.

Goolsby, Craig

Journal of the American College of Surgeons

2022 Volume 235, Issue 6, Page(s) 967–968

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mass Casualty Incidents ; Triage ; Disaster Planning ; Emergency Medical Services
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1181115-8
ISSN	1879-1190 ; 1072-7515
ISSN (online)	1879-1190
ISSN	1072-7515
DOI	10.1097/XCS.0000000000000401
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Article ; Online: A Light in the Dark.

Goolsby, Craig

Annals of emergency medicine

2020 Volume 76, Issue 2, Page(s) 243–244

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	603080-4
ISSN	1097-6760 ; 0196-0644
ISSN (online)	1097-6760
ISSN	0196-0644
DOI	10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.04.038
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Article ; Online: Change of shift. Balad's final dispo.

Goolsby, Craig

Annals of emergency medicine

2013 Volume 61, Issue 3, Page(s) 368–369

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Iraq War, 2003-2011 ; Military Medicine
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Personal Narratives
ZDB-ID	603080-4
ISSN	1097-6760 ; 0196-0644
ISSN (online)	1097-6760
ISSN	0196-0644
DOI	10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.12.015
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Article: Learner's Stop the Bleed Outcomes Between Lay Instructor and Emergency Medical Services (EMS)-Trained Instructor Groups.

Pellegrino, Jeffrey L / Smith, Stephen E / Nolan, Abigail / Charlton, Nathan / Goolsby, Craig

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 9, Page(s) e45846

Abstract: Background: One of the most utilized Stop the Bleed courses, the "Bleeding Control Basic (BCon) course v. 1.0," requires instructors to have a specific healthcare license or pre-hospital credential (e.g., physician or paramedic) or specific emergency ... ...

Abstract	Background: One of the most utilized Stop the Bleed courses, the "Bleeding Control Basic (BCon) course v. 1.0," requires instructors to have a specific healthcare license or pre-hospital credential (e.g., physician or paramedic) or specific emergency medical services (EMS) instructor certification and have completed the BCon provider course. This requirement provides a level of expertise in instructors but limits the potential workforce for sharing life-saving knowledge and skills. Other Stop the Bleed courses, such as the American Red Cross First Aid for Severe Trauma (FAST) course, do not have this requirement. This raises questions pertaining to the learners' outcomes between those facilitated by instructors with and without healthcare licenses or credentials. Methods: Learners' outcomes for applying a tourniquet (skill), knowledge (cognitive), and Intention to Aid (attitude for behavior) were compared between those taught by lay instructors and EMS-trained (emergency medical technician or paramedic) instructors. All were trained as new instructors in the FAST program. Results: For the study's primary outcome, all of the learners (n=135) properly applied a tourniquet to a simulated leg injury at the end of the training based on video evidence (skill). Learners in the EMS-trained instructor groups (n=84, mean age 25.5 years, 68% female), who were older and had more education, scored significantly higher on knowledge of tourniquet use on the Stop the Bleed Educational Assessment Tool (SBEAT) (mean=90.0 vs. 83.9 on a scale of 0-100, p=0.001) with a small effect size than the lay instructor group (n=51, mean age 16.6 years, 88% female). There was no statistical difference in attitude toward helping behaviors in a bleeding emergency between the two groups on the Intention to Aid (I2A) survey. Implications: Lay instructors and EMS-trained instructors performed comparably in facilitating a widely available Red Cross Stop the Bleed course. Lay experience with tourniquets should not disqualify individuals from being a Stop the Bleed instructor. Using a standard curriculum with instructor development offers a way for people with and without an EMS background to teach life-saving competencies effectively.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.45846
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: "Stop the Bleed" Education Assessment Tool (SBEAT): Development and Validation.

Pellegrino, Jeffrey L / Charlton, Nathan / Goolsby, Craig

Cureus

2020 Volume 12, Issue 9, Page(s) e10567

Abstract: As part of the national Stop the Bleed campaign in the United States, more than a million people have received bleeding control training through the work of many organizations. These public and professional educational experiences are ideally grounded in ...

Abstract	As part of the national Stop the Bleed campaign in the United States, more than a million people have received bleeding control training through the work of many organizations. These public and professional educational experiences are ideally grounded in health sciences, clinical, and educational evidence to be most effective. However, there is currently no standard tool for evaluating the educational quality of these programs. We developed and validated the Stop the Bleed Education Assessment Tool (SBEAT) to provide a standard measure of life-threatening bleeding educational programs knowledge learning outcomes to aid in evaluation and development of this public health program. The SBEAT development included medical, clinical, and educational experts to derive and validate learning outcomes. Specific item writing incorporated focus groups for input on language and then pilot testing before a full community pilot test established a data set, for which a Rasch methodology was applied. The resulting tool used 34 items embedded in 19 survey questions, with item separation statistic of 5.56 (0.97 reliability) and person separation statistic of 2.09 (0.81 reliability) for 171 persons. Overall, the Cronbach Alpha (KR-20) person score "test reliability" equaled 0.85 (SEM = 2.24). The SBEAT project establishes a standardized assessment tool to evaluate the cognitive aspects of first aid for life threatening bleeding. Comparison of outcomes from different teaching styles and methods will allow for the development of best practices for future bleeding control education and help organizations demonstrate value to learners, funders, and policy makers, and advance health sciences education. SBEAT offers a measure for which educational efficiency and efficacy can be judged within a larger effort to prepare people for personal emergencies or large-scale disasters.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.10567
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Article ; Online: Just-in-Time Instructions for Layperson Tourniquet Application.

Goolsby, Craig A / Kellermann, Arthur L / Kirsch, Thomas D

JAMA surgery

2019 Volume 154, Issue 4, Page(s) 363–364

MeSH term(s)	Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Manikins ; Tourniquets
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2701841-6
ISSN	2168-6262 ; 2168-6254
ISSN (online)	2168-6262
ISSN	2168-6254
DOI	10.1001/jamasurg.2018.5251
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Article ; Online: Military Medical Provider Perspectives During the New York COVID-19 Response.

Tilley, Laura / Schuler, Keke / Cole, Rebekah / Fahlsing, Christopher / Rudinsky, Sherri / Peters, Sidney / Goolsby, Craig

Military medicine

2022 Volume 188, Issue 5-6, Page(s) e1260–e1267

Abstract: Introduction: The response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in New York City (NYC) included unprecedented support from the DoD-a response limited primarily to medical and public health response on domestic soil with intact infrastructure. This ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in New York City (NYC) included unprecedented support from the DoD-a response limited primarily to medical and public health response on domestic soil with intact infrastructure. This study seeks to identify the common perspectives, experiences, and challenges of DoD personnel participating in this historic response. Materials and methods: This is a phenomenological qualitative study of 16 military health care providers who deployed to NYC in March 2020. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the USU (No. DBS.2020.123). All participants served on either the United States Naval Ship Comfort or at the Javits Center. We conducted semi-structured interviews exploring the participants' experiences while deployed to NYC. These interview scripts were then independently coded by five research team members. Results: We identified four common themes and 12 subthemes from the participants' responses. The themes (subthemes) were lack of preparation (unfamiliar mission and inadequate resources); confusion about integration with civilian health care (widespread, dynamic situation, and NYC overwhelmed), communication challenges (overall, misunderstanding and miscommunication resulting in tension, and patient handoffs); and adaptation and success (general, military-civilian liaison service, positive experience, and military support necessity). Conclusions: This study provides unique insight into the DoD's initial response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in NYC. Using this experiential feedback from the DoD's pandemic responders could aid planners in improving the rapidity, effectiveness, and safety of military and civilian health care system integrations that may arise in the future.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; New York ; COVID-19 ; Military Personnel ; Ships ; Delivery of Health Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	391061-1
ISSN	1930-613X ; 0026-4075
ISSN (online)	1930-613X
ISSN	0026-4075
DOI	10.1093/milmed/usac338
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Article ; Online: Blood Vessel Occlusion by the Layperson Audiovisual Assist Tourniquet (LAVA TQ) Compared to the Combat Application Tourniquet: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Goolsby, Craig / Dacuyan-Faucher, Nicole / Schuler, Keke / Lee, Annie / Shah, Amit / Cannon, Jeremy / Kothera, Curt

The western journal of emergency medicine

2023 Volume 24, Issue 3, Page(s) 566–571

Abstract: Introduction: While windlass-rod style tourniquets stop bleeding in limbs when used by skilled responders, they are less successful in the hands of the untrained or not recently trained public. To improve usability, an academic-industry partnership ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: While windlass-rod style tourniquets stop bleeding in limbs when used by skilled responders, they are less successful in the hands of the untrained or not recently trained public. To improve usability, an academic-industry partnership developed the Layperson Audiovisual Assist Tourniquet (LAVA TQ). The LAVA TQ is novel in design and technology and addresses known challenges in public tourniquet application. A previously published multisite, randomized controlled trial of 147 participants showed that the LAVA TQ is much easier for the lay public to use compared to the Combat Application Tourniquet (CAT). This study evaluates the LAVA TQ's ability to occlude blood flow in humans compared to the CAT. Methods: This study was a prospective, blinded, randomized controlled trial to demonstrate the non-inferiority of the LAVA TQ to occlude blood flow when applied by expert users compared to the CAT. The study team enrolled participants in Bethesda, Maryland, in 2022. The primary outcome was the proportion of blood flow occlusion by each tourniquet. The secondary outcome was surface application pressure for each device. Results: The LAVA TQ and CAT occluded blood flow in all limbs (21 LAVA TQ, 100%; 21 CAT, 100%). The LAVA TQ was applied at a mean pressure of 366 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) (SD 20 mm Hg), and the CAT at a mean pressure of 386 mm Hg (SD 63 mm Hg) (P = 0.14). Conclusion: The novel LAVA TQ is non-inferior to the traditional windlass-rod CAT in occluding blood flow in human legs. The application pressure of LAVA TQ is similar to that used in the CAT. The findings of this study, coupled with LAVA TQ's demonstrated superior usability, make the LAVA TQ an acceptable alternative limb tourniquet.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Tourniquets ; Prospective Studies ; Equipment Design ; Hemorrhage/prevention & control ; Hand
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2375700-0
ISSN	1936-9018 ; 1936-9018
ISSN (online)	1936-9018
ISSN	1936-9018
DOI	10.5811/westjem.59147
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Article ; Online: Bleeding Control Protections Within US Good Samaritan Laws.

Levy, Matthew J / Wend, Christopher M / Flemming, William P / Lazieh, Antoin / Rosenblum, Andrew J / Pineda, Candace M / Wolfberg, Douglas M / Jenkins, Jennifer Lee / Goolsby, Craig A / Margolis, Asa M

Prehospital and disaster medicine

2024 Volume 39, Issue 2, Page(s) 156–162

Abstract: Introduction: In the United States, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have Good Samaritan Laws (GSLs). Designed to encourage bystanders to aid at the scene of an emergency, GSLs generally limit the risk of civil tort liability if the care is ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: In the United States, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have Good Samaritan Laws (GSLs). Designed to encourage bystanders to aid at the scene of an emergency, GSLs generally limit the risk of civil tort liability if the care is rendered in good faith. Nation-wide, a leading cause of preventable death is uncontrolled external hemorrhage. Public bleeding control initiatives aim to train the public to recognize life-threatening external bleeding, perform life-sustaining interventions (including direct pressure, tourniquet application, and wound packing), and to promote access to bleeding control equipment to ensure a rapid response from bystanders. Methods: This study sought to identify the GSLs in each state and the District of Columbia to identify what type of responder is covered by the law (eg, all laypersons, only trained individuals, or only licensed health care providers) and if bleeding control is explicitly included or excluded in their Good Samaritan coverage. Results: Good Samaritan Laws providing civil liability qualified immunity were identified in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. One state, Oklahoma, specifically includes bleeding control in its GSLs. Six states - Connecticut, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, and Missouri - have laws that define those covered under Good Samaritan immunity, generally limiting protection to individuals trained in a standard first aid or resuscitation course or health care clinicians. No state explicitly excludes bleeding control from their GSLs, and one state expressly includes it. Conclusion: Nation-wide across the United States, most states have broad bystander coverage within GSLs for emergency medical conditions of all types, including bleeding emergencies, and no state explicitly excludes bleeding control interventions. Some states restrict coverage to those health care personnel or bystanders who have completed a specific training program. Opportunity exists for additional research into those states whose GSLs may not be inclusive of bleeding control interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; Hemorrhage/prevention & control ; Liability, Legal ; Emergency Medical Services/legislation & jurisprudence
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1025975-2
ISSN	1945-1938 ; 1049-023X
ISSN (online)	1945-1938
ISSN	1049-023X
DOI	10.1017/S1049023X24000268
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Article ; Online: Emergency physician risk of occupational mortality: A scoping review.

Goolsby, Craig / Lala, Vidya / Gebner, Riley / Dacuyan-Faucher, Nicole / Charlton, Nathan / Schuler, Keke

Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open

2021 Volume 2, Issue 5, Page(s) e12554

Abstract: Background: Occupational hazards for emergency physicians are widely known, but the risk of work-related mortality is not clear. The COVID-19 pandemic generated new concerns about the risk of occupational mortality, particularly in the setting of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Occupational hazards for emergency physicians are widely known, but the risk of work-related mortality is not clear. The COVID-19 pandemic generated new concerns about the risk of occupational mortality, particularly in the setting of inadequate personal protective equipment. The perception of increased risk generated ethical concerns regarding emergency physicians' duty to treat and employers' duty to protect their employees. We performed this scoping review to define prepandemic emergency physician occupational mortality. Methods: We performed a scoping review of peer-reviewed publications from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases in September 2020. Results: Of the 747 unique articles identified in the 3 databases, 1 article met inclusion criteria and was included in the final analysis. Conclusion: The baseline risk of occupational mortality for emergency physicians is not established in the scientific literature. Further study is needed to quantify risk, as this information would be useful to shape policy and ethical considerations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2688-1152
ISSN (online)	2688-1152
DOI	10.1002/emp2.12554
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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