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  1. Article ; Online: Making waves: Research to support water and wastewater utilities in the transition to a clean-energy future.

    Sowby, Robert B

    Water research

    2023  Volume 233, Page(s) 119739

    Abstract: Drinking water and wastewater utilities are in the business of making clean water, not using clean energy, and the ongoing energy transition is swiftly creating new challenges for which they are unprepared. At this critical juncture in the water-energy ... ...

    Abstract Drinking water and wastewater utilities are in the business of making clean water, not using clean energy, and the ongoing energy transition is swiftly creating new challenges for which they are unprepared. At this critical juncture in the water-energy nexus, this Making Waves article explores how the research community can support water utilities during the transition as features like renewables, flexible loads, and dynamic markets become standard. Researchers can help water utilities implement existing energy management techniques not yet widely practiced, including establishing energy policies, managing energy data, using low-energy-intensity water sources, and participating in demand response programs. New research priorities are dynamic energy pricing, on-site renewable-energy micro-grids, and integrated water and energy demand forecasting. Water utilities have adapted to many technological and regulatory changes over the years, and with research support for new designs and operations, they will thrive in a clean-energy future.
    MeSH term(s) Wastewater ; Water Supply ; Drinking Water
    Chemical Substances Wastewater ; Drinking Water
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 202613-2
    ISSN 1879-2448 ; 0043-1354
    ISSN (online) 1879-2448
    ISSN 0043-1354
    DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119739
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The Safe Drinking Water Act at 50: A Policy Model for Grand Challenges

    Sowby, Robert B.

    Water Resources Research. 2023 Sept., v. 59, no. 9 p.e2023WR035172-

    2023  

    Abstract: Since its passage in 1974, the U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) has become a pillar of water resources engineering, utility management, and public health policy. Complementing other environmental legislation from the same period, SDWA set standards ... ...

    Abstract Since its passage in 1974, the U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) has become a pillar of water resources engineering, utility management, and public health policy. Complementing other environmental legislation from the same period, SDWA set standards for drinking water suppliers, service, and quality and has made an unmistakable positive impact on U.S. communities for the past 50 years. While drinking water faces different specific challenges today, the general principles established by SDWA are the same. Its success may be attributed to its broad political commitment at the federal level, firm enforcement at the state level, and dutiful execution at the local (public water supplier) level—all while customers know exactly what to expect—thus creating clear accountability for safe water. Just as SDWA helped resolve last century's drinking water problems, it can serve as a policy model for addressing this century's grand challenges.
    Keywords accountability ; environmental law ; health policy ; models ; politics ; research ; water
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-09
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 5564-5
    ISSN 1944-7973 ; 0043-1397
    ISSN (online) 1944-7973
    ISSN 0043-1397
    DOI 10.1029/2023WR035172
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Making waves: Research to support water and wastewater utilities in the transition to a clean-energy future

    Sowby, Robert B.

    Water Research. 2023 Apr., v. 233 p.119739-

    2023  

    Abstract: Drinking water and wastewater utilities are in the business of making clean water, not using clean energy, and the ongoing energy transition is swiftly creating new challenges for which they are unprepared. At this critical juncture in the water–energy ... ...

    Abstract Drinking water and wastewater utilities are in the business of making clean water, not using clean energy, and the ongoing energy transition is swiftly creating new challenges for which they are unprepared. At this critical juncture in the water–energy nexus, this Making Waves article explores how the research community can support water utilities during the transition as features like renewables, flexible loads, and dynamic markets become standard. Researchers can help water utilities implement existing energy management techniques not yet widely practiced, including establishing energy policies, managing energy data, using low-energy-intensity water sources, and participating in demand response programs. New research priorities are dynamic energy pricing, on-site renewable-energy micro-grids, and integrated water and energy demand forecasting. Water utilities have adapted to many technological and regulatory changes over the years, and with research support for new designs and operations, they will thrive in a clean-energy future.
    Keywords clean energy ; energy ; research support ; wastewater ; water ; Energy transition ; Renewable energy ; Water utility ; Drinking water ; Forecasting
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-04
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Use and reproduction
    ZDB-ID 202613-2
    ISSN 1879-2448 ; 0043-1354
    ISSN (online) 1879-2448
    ISSN 0043-1354
    DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119739
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: Energy management in the water sector: A policy statement review.

    Sowby, Robert B / Hopkins, Easton G

    Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation

    2023  Volume 95, Issue 12, Page(s) e10972

    Abstract: Water and wastewater utilities consume significant energy. While they are regulated on water quality and other environmental issues, energy management is largely optional. In between enforceable public policy and voluntary internal action, professional ... ...

    Abstract Water and wastewater utilities consume significant energy. While they are regulated on water quality and other environmental issues, energy management is largely optional. In between enforceable public policy and voluntary internal action, professional associations can influence their industries to act. In this perspective article, we discuss 10 policy statements from three professional associations in the water sector and discuss how they support energy management. While few of the statements directly address energy management, we conclude that they justify it in terms of ethics, sustainability, affordability, and asset management. Still, their disparate nature exposes a policy gap. We recommend that the associations develop definitive policy statements on the subject to clarify their positions and set expectations. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Water/wastewater utilities use energy but are not regulated for energy management. In the absence of public policy, professional associations can influence action. We discuss 10 policy statements from ASCE, AWWA, and WEF in the water industry. The statements support energy management indirectly but leave a policy gap. We recommend developing policy statements specifically on this topic.
    MeSH term(s) Wastewater ; Water Quality ; Industry ; Policy
    Chemical Substances Wastewater
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1098976-6
    ISSN 1554-7531 ; 1047-7624 ; 1061-4303
    ISSN (online) 1554-7531
    ISSN 1047-7624 ; 1061-4303
    DOI 10.1002/wer.10972
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.B 490: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article ; Online: Emergency Preparedness and COVID-19: A Review of AWWA Policy Statements and Guidance.

    Sowby, Robert B

    Opflow

    2020  Volume 46, Issue 8, Page(s) 28–29

    Abstract: Unless a water or wastewater utility has had to deal with a serious disruption in the past, emergency preparedness may not have been a priority. However, with COVID-19, every water and wastewater utility has now faced a prolonged emergency and can-and ... ...

    Abstract Unless a water or wastewater utility has had to deal with a serious disruption in the past, emergency preparedness may not have been a priority. However, with COVID-19, every water and wastewater utility has now faced a prolonged emergency and can-and should-learn from it.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1551-8701
    ISSN (online) 1551-8701
    DOI 10.1002/opfl.1412
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  6. Article ; Online: Emergency preparedness after COVID-19: A review of policy statements in the U.S. water sector.

    Sowby, Robert B

    Utilities policy

    2020  Volume 64, Page(s) 101058

    Abstract: Although COVID-19 has impacted water and wastewater utilities in new and profound ways, they must still provide their vital services despite the disruptions. The pandemic brings into focus their need for proactive emergency preparedness. In the United ... ...

    Abstract Although COVID-19 has impacted water and wastewater utilities in new and profound ways, they must still provide their vital services despite the disruptions. The pandemic brings into focus their need for proactive emergency preparedness. In the United States, professional associations have long advocated in this area and have already developed considerable policy guidance and resources to help water and wastewater utilities prepare for and respond to emergencies. In the midst of the crisis, several U.S. policies are reviewed here. Utilities should reflect on their COVID-19 experience, learn from it, and apply their newfound perspective to strengthen future emergency preparedness.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1878-4356
    ISSN (online) 1878-4356
    DOI 10.1016/j.jup.2020.101058
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  7. Article: The energy footprint of U.S. irrigation: A first estimate from open data

    Sowby, Robert B. / Dicataldo, Emily

    Energy nexus. 2022 June 16, v. 6

    2022  

    Abstract: Agricultural irrigation is the largest consumptive use of water in the United States, supporting an enormous farming economy and requiring the use of many pumps. For the first time, we estimate the nationwide energy footprint of this important activity ... ...

    Abstract Agricultural irrigation is the largest consumptive use of water in the United States, supporting an enormous farming economy and requiring the use of many pumps. For the first time, we estimate the nationwide energy footprint of this important activity in the energy-water-food nexus. We develop our estimate by combining open agricultural and energy data, starting with pumping costs, from U.S. government sources. We estimate that in 2018, U.S. irrigation consumed 60.6 TWh (0.20%) of total energy, including 37.5 TWh (0.94%) of total electricity, to apply 103 billion m³ (83.4 million ac-ft) of water to 22.6 million ha (55.9 million ac) of cropland. Normalized by water volume, the energy intensity of irrigation is 0.59 kWh/m³ (730 kWh/ac-ft). The estimate aligns with other U.S. energy-for-water studies and may lead to better accounting of this resource consumption at finer temporal and spatial scales. Despite a few limitations, leveraging open data appears to be a promising path for early nexus analyses.
    Keywords carbon footprint ; cropland ; electricity ; energy ; irrigated farming ; irrigation
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0616
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ISSN 2772-4271
    DOI 10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100066
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article: Reducing carbon emissions through water conservation: An analysis of 10 major U.S. cities

    Sowby, Robert B. / Capener, Annelise

    Energy nexus. 2022,

    2022  

    Abstract: Drinking water supply requires energy, which in turn emits greenhouse gases with undesirable climate impacts. Water conservation, therefore, offers environmental benefits by reducing such emissions. This research estimates carbon-dioxide-equivalent (CO₂ ... ...

    Abstract Drinking water supply requires energy, which in turn emits greenhouse gases with undesirable climate impacts. Water conservation, therefore, offers environmental benefits by reducing such emissions. This research estimates carbon-dioxide-equivalent (CO₂eq) emissions associated with water supply in 10 major U.S. cities by combining existing observations on the energy intensity of water supply and the carbon emissions of energy systems. Results range from 21 to 560 gCO₂eq per cubic meter of water delivered. As a pathway for future carbon budgeting, the approach demonstrates how existing water, energy, and emissions data may be combined in studies of multiple sites which are not practical with typical life-cycle analyses. Considering a hypothetical 10% water conservation scenario in each city shows that the potential to reduce emissions (1,200–65,000 tCO₂eq/yr in each city) is especially effective where energy-for-water intensities, electricity emission factors, and/or water conservation volumes are high. The results of this and similar analyses may guide future sustainability decisions by considering the co-benefits of reducing energy use and emissions associated with water conservation.
    Keywords carbon ; climate ; electricity ; energy ; greenhouses ; water conservation ; water supply
    Language English
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ISSN 2772-4271
    DOI 10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100094
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Emergency Preparedness and COVID‐19

    Sowby, Robert B.

    Opflow

    A Review of AWWA Policy Statements and Guidance

    2020  Volume 46, Issue 8, Page(s) 28–29

    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Wiley
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 0149-8029
    DOI 10.1002/opfl.1412
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Increasing water and wastewater utility participation in demand response programs

    Robert B. Sowby

    Energy Nexus, Vol 1, Iss , Pp 100001- (2021)

    2021  

    Abstract: The reliance of water utilities on the electric grid, and their ability to buffer its peak demands, are important components of the energy–water nexus. Demand response (DR) among water and wastewater utilities is an underutilized resource for balancing ... ...

    Abstract The reliance of water utilities on the electric grid, and their ability to buffer its peak demands, are important components of the energy–water nexus. Demand response (DR) among water and wastewater utilities is an underutilized resource for balancing electric loads and is increasingly important as the energy industry transitions to cleaner but intermittent renewables. Challenges to greater participation include water operators’ risk aversion, DR research that misses water sector stakeholders, the hourly and seasonal variability of water demand, the intricacies of power rate schedules, and a lack of convincing data on payback. Actions by particular groups can help overcome these challenges. Power utilities should acknowledge water operators’ risk preferences, work with them to develop site-specific DR practices, and educate them on rate schedules and DR necessity. Water utilities should learn about their power bills and share information about their water operations that will help power companies assess DR potential. DR researchers should consider water operators’ risk perceptions, explore ways to work around hourly flow variations, involve water sector co-authors in their work, develop DR case studies with cost-benefit analyses, and share their research with water sector audiences. These actions will help increase DR penetration in the water sector.
    Keywords Water ; Wastewater ; Nexus ; Demand response ; Energy management ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
    Subject code 690
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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