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Article ; Online: Aqueous two-phase partitioning and characterization of xylanase produced by Streptomyces geysiriensis from low cost lignocellulosic substrates.

Poornima, Shanmugam / Divya, Palanisamy / Karmegam, Natchimuthu / Karthik, Vivekanandhan / Subbaiya, Ramasamy

Journal of bioscience and bioengineering

2020 Volume 130, Issue 6, Page(s) 571–576

Abstract: Microbial production of xylanase is gaining the commercial importance, due to its wide range of applications from paper and pulp to food and feed industries. Streptomyces geysiriensis was used for the production of extracellular xylanase from ... ...

Abstract	Microbial production of xylanase is gaining the commercial importance, due to its wide range of applications from paper and pulp to food and feed industries. Streptomyces geysiriensis was used for the production of extracellular xylanase from lignocellulosic substrates such as rice bran and saw dust, under solid-state fermentation. The influence of pH, temperature and incubation period for the maximum production of xylanase was investigated with 1:2 (w/v) of substrate to moisture ratio at 100 rpm shaking conditions. The maximum production was recorded after 5 days of fermentation with pH 8.0 at 40 °C. The scale-up was done based on the results of optimized parameters using 3 L Applikon autoclavable bioreactor with maximum yield of 186 U/ml after 4 days of fermentation. Extracellular xylanase was separated by partitioning in aqueous two-phase system consisting of 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 and 12% K
MeSH term(s)	Bioreactors/microbiology ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases/metabolism ; Fermentation ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Lignin/metabolism ; Streptomyces/genetics ; Streptomyces/metabolism ; Temperature ; Water/chemistry ; Xylans/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Xylans ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; lignocellulose (11132-73-3) ; Lignin (9005-53-2) ; Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-06
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1465387-4
ISSN	1347-4421 ; 1389-1723
ISSN (online)	1347-4421
ISSN	1389-1723
DOI	10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.07.008
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Emerging nanotechnology based advanced techniques for wastewater treatment.

Poornima, Shanmugam / Manikandan, Sivasubramanian / Karthik, Vivekanandhan / Balachandar, Ramalingam / Subbaiya, Ramasamy / Saravanan, Muthupandian / Lan Chi, Nguyen Thuy / Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan

Chemosphere

2022 Volume 303, Issue Pt 3, Page(s) 135050

Abstract: The increasing trend of industrialization leads to tremendous release of industrial effluents. Waste water treatment is one of the important sectors to focus in order to overcome the most threatening issue of waste disposal and to ensure sustainability. ... ...

Abstract	The increasing trend of industrialization leads to tremendous release of industrial effluents. Waste water treatment is one of the important sectors to focus in order to overcome the most threatening issue of waste disposal and to ensure sustainability. Sustainable and energy efficient treatment methods are the attractive technologies for their current implementation of waste management. Even though the existing technologies are effective, unsustainability makes them unfit for their extended applications. Conventional and advanced technologies have been extensively implemented for the treatment of wide spectrum of effluents. Hybrid technologies including chemical and biological methods also emerging as promising technologies but secondary sludge generation is still unaddressed. Even though effectiveness of biochar varies over type of contaminants, cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly nature extended their applications in waste management. Nanotechnology and membrane technology are the promising and emerging areas of interest due to their widespread applications in waste water treatment. Carbon nano structures, nano filters, graphene, nano magnets modified with activated carbon are the potential candidates for the treatment. The present review demonstrates the emerging treatment technologies with special focus to nano based waste water treatment methods.
MeSH term(s)	Graphite ; Nanotechnology ; Sewage ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; Waste Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Water Purification/methods
Chemical Substances	Sewage ; Waste Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Graphite (7782-42-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135050
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Article: Effect of Blend Ratio on the Thermal Comfort Characteristics of Cotton/Bamboo Blended Fabrics

Aruchamy, Karthik / Subramani, Sampath Pavayee / Palaniappan, Sathish Kumar / Pal, Samir Kumar / Mylsamy, Bhuvaneshwaran / Chinnasamy, Vivekanandhan

Journal of natural fibers. 2022 Jan. 02, v. 19, no. 1

2022

Abstract: The present work explains the thermal comfort properties of cotton (100:0), bamboo (0:100), and cotton:bamboo (70:30, 50:50, 30:70) blended yarns/fabrics. The physical characteristics of cotton:bamboo (50:50) blended fabrics show the very closest ... ...

Abstract	The present work explains the thermal comfort properties of cotton (100:0), bamboo (0:100), and cotton:bamboo (70:30, 50:50, 30:70) blended yarns/fabrics. The physical characteristics of cotton:bamboo (50:50) blended fabrics show the very closest properties of pure cotton yarn fabrics for the count of 30 tex. The proportion of bamboo fiber in the fabrics influenced the physical properties of the yarn such as areal density, fiber fineness, and other structural parameters. The plain-woven fabric generally aligned as 30 tex in warp direction for pure cotton yarn and 30 tex in weft direction for pure bamboo yarn. Similarly, the experiment is conducted for various proportions and noted that cotton in warp and bamboo in weft direction depicts higher air permeability and water vapor permeability (WVP) compared to all the other fabrics. From the comfort properties of fabrics, the thermal conductivity and the thermal resistance of the blended fabrics were found to be decreased with a gradual increase in the ratio of bamboo fiber. The reduction in inter-yarn space and higher yarn hairiness leads to reduction in air and water permeability values with an increase in cotton proportion. The enhanced WVP and air permeability of the prepared fabrics were observed with an increase in bamboo content.
Keywords	air ; bamboos ; cotton ; fineness ; heat tolerance ; permeability ; thermal conductivity ; water vapor
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0102
Size	p. 105-114.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2182715-1
ISSN	1544-046X ; 1544-0478
ISSN (online)	1544-046X
ISSN	1544-0478
DOI	10.1080/15440478.2020.1731903
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Emerging nanotechnology based advanced techniques for wastewater treatment

Poornima, Shanmugam / Manikandan, Sivasubramanian / Karthik, Vivekanandhan / Balachandar, Ramalingam / Subbaiya, Ramasamy / Saravanan, Muthupandian / Lan Chi, Nguyen Thuy / Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan

Chemosphere. 2022 May 19,

2022

Abstract	The increasing trend of industrialization leads to tremendous release of industrial effluents. Waste water treatment is one of the important sectors to focus in order to overcome the most threatening issue of waste disposal and to ensure sustainability. Sustainable and energy efficient treatment methods are the attractive technologies for their current implementation of waste management. Even though the existing technologies are effective, unsustainability makes them unfit for their extended applications. Conventional and advanced technologies have been extensively implemented for the treatment of wide spectrum of effluents. Hybrid technologies including chemical and biological methods also emerging as promising technologies but secondary sludge generation is still unaddressed. Even though effectiveness of biochar varies over type of contaminants, cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly nature extended their applications in waste management. Nanotechnology and membrane technology are the promising and emerging areas of interest due to their widespread applications in waste water treatment. Carbon nano structures, nano filters, graphene, nano magnets modified with activated carbon are the potential candidates for the treatment. The present review demonstrates the emerging treatment technologies with special focus to nano based waste water treatment methods.
Keywords	activated carbon ; biochar ; cost effectiveness ; energy efficiency ; graphene ; industrialization ; sludge ; waste disposal ; wastewater treatment
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0519
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135050
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Aqueous two-phase partitioning and characterization of xylanase produced by Streptomyces geysiriensis from low cost lignocellulosic substrates

Poornima, Shanmugam / Divya, Palanisamy / Karmegam, Natchimuthu / Karthik, Vivekanandhan / Subbaiya, Ramasamy

The Society for Biotechnology, Japan Journal of bioscience and bioengineering. 2020 Dec., v. 130, no. 6

2020

Abstract	Microbial production of xylanase is gaining the commercial importance, due to its wide range of applications from paper and pulp to food and feed industries. Streptomyces geysiriensis was used for the production of extracellular xylanase from lignocellulosic substrates such as rice bran and saw dust, under solid-state fermentation. The influence of pH, temperature and incubation period for the maximum production of xylanase was investigated with 1:2 (w/v) of substrate to moisture ratio at 100 rpm shaking conditions. The maximum production was recorded after 5 days of fermentation with pH 8.0 at 40 °C. The scale-up was done based on the results of optimized parameters using 3 L Applikon autoclavable bioreactor with maximum yield of 186 U/ml after 4 days of fermentation. Extracellular xylanase was separated by partitioning in aqueous two-phase system consisting of 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 and 12% K₂HPO₄ with maximum yield of 93.97%. The investigation of the effect of pH and temperature and its incubation time showed that xylanase was retained its activity in a pH range of 6.5–8.5, with thermal stability from 20 °C to 60 °C up to 180 min. The presence of metal ions was found to inhibit the activity of xylanase especially Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺. Xylanase was stable both at 4 °C and room temperature (35 °C) for 30 and 9 days respectively. The kinetic parameters Kₘ (0.48 mg/ml) and Vₘₐₓ (8.33 U/mg) were determined using birchwood xylan as substrate.
Keywords	Streptomyces geysiriensis ; ambient temperature ; bioreactors ; dust ; lignocellulose ; pH ; paper ; polyethylene glycol ; pulp ; rice bran ; solid state fermentation ; thermal stability ; xylan ; xylanases
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 571-576.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	1465387-4
ISSN	1347-4421 ; 1389-1723
ISSN (online)	1347-4421
ISSN	1389-1723
DOI	10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.07.008
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Emerging Therapeutic Approaches to Combat COVID-19: Present Status and Future Perspectives.

Vivekanandhan, Karthik / Shanmugam, Poornima / Barabadi, Hamed / Arumugam, Vigneshwaran / Daniel Raj Daniel Paul Raj, Dharun / Sivasubramanian, Manikandan / Ramasamy, Subbaiya / Anand, Krishnan / Boomi, Pandi / Chandrasekaran, Balakumar / Arokiyaraj, Selvaraj / Saravanan, Muthupandian

Frontiers in molecular biosciences

2021 Volume 8, Page(s) 604447

Abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged as a fast-paced epidemic in late 2019 which is disrupting life-saving immunization services. SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible virus and an infectious disease that has caused fear among people across the ... ...

Abstract	Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged as a fast-paced epidemic in late 2019 which is disrupting life-saving immunization services. SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible virus and an infectious disease that has caused fear among people across the world. The worldwide emergence and rapid expansion of SARS-CoV-2 emphasizes the need for exploring innovative therapeutic approaches to combat SARS-CoV-2. The efficacy of some antiviral drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, umifenovir, etc., are still tested against SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, there is a large global effort to develop vaccines for the protection against COVID-19. Because vaccines seem the best solution to control the pandemic but time is required for its development, pre-clinical/clinical trials, approval from FDA and scale-up. The nano-based approach is another promising approach to combat COVID-19 owing to unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials. Peptide based vaccines emerged as promising vaccine candidates for SARS-CoV-2. The study emphasizes the current therapeutic approaches against SARS-CoV-2 and some of the potential candidates for SARS-CoV-2 treatment which are still under clinical studies for their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2. Overall, it is of high importance to mention that clinical trials are necessary for confirming promising drug candidates and effective vaccines and the safety profile of the new components must be evaluated before translation of
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2814330-9
ISSN	2296-889X
ISSN	2296-889X
DOI	10.3389/fmolb.2021.604447
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Article ; Online: Emerging Therapeutic Approaches to Combat COVID-19

Karthik Vivekanandhan / Poornima Shanmugam / Hamed Barabadi / Vigneshwaran Arumugam / Dharun Daniel Raj Daniel Paul Raj / Manikandan Sivasubramanian / Subbaiya Ramasamy / Krishnan Anand / Pandi Boomi / Balakumar Chandrasekaran / Selvaraj Arokiyaraj / Muthupandian Saravanan

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Vol

Present Status and Future Perspectives

2021 Volume 8

Abstract	Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged as a fast-paced epidemic in late 2019 which is disrupting life-saving immunization services. SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible virus and an infectious disease that has caused fear among people across the world. The worldwide emergence and rapid expansion of SARS-CoV-2 emphasizes the need for exploring innovative therapeutic approaches to combat SARS-CoV-2. The efficacy of some antiviral drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, umifenovir, etc., are still tested against SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, there is a large global effort to develop vaccines for the protection against COVID-19. Because vaccines seem the best solution to control the pandemic but time is required for its development, pre-clinical/clinical trials, approval from FDA and scale-up. The nano-based approach is another promising approach to combat COVID-19 owing to unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials. Peptide based vaccines emerged as promising vaccine candidates for SARS-CoV-2. The study emphasizes the current therapeutic approaches against SARS-CoV-2 and some of the potential candidates for SARS-CoV-2 treatment which are still under clinical studies for their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2. Overall, it is of high importance to mention that clinical trials are necessary for confirming promising drug candidates and effective vaccines and the safety profile of the new components must be evaluated before translation of in vitro studies for implementation in clinical use.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; therapeutics ; antiviral drugs ; vaccines ; nano-based approaches ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The effect of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A6 genetic polymorphism on valproic acid pharmacokinetics in Indian patients with epilepsy: a pharmacogenetic approach.

Munisamy, Murali / Tripathi, Manjari / Behari, Madhuri / Raghavan, S / Jain, D C / Ramanujam, Barghavi / Arumugam, Karthik / Rajakannan, Thiyagu / Mallayasamy, Surulivel Rajan / Subbiah, Vivekanandhan

Molecular diagnosis & therapy

2013 Volume 17, Issue 5, Page(s) 319–326

Abstract: Background and objective: Sodium valproate is a widely prescribed broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug. It shows high inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and has a narrow therapeutic range. We evaluated the effects of ... ...

Abstract	Background and objective: Sodium valproate is a widely prescribed broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug. It shows high inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and has a narrow therapeutic range. We evaluated the effects of polymorphic uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A6 (541A>G, 552A>C) metabolizing enzyme on the pharmacokinetics of sodium valproate in the patients with epilepsy who showed toxicity to therapy. Methods: Genotype analysis of the patients was made with polymerase chain-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with sequencing. Plasma drug concentrations were measured with reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and concentration-time data were analyzed by using a non-compartmental approach. Results: The results of this study suggested a significant genotypic as well as allelic association with valproic acid toxicity for UGT1A6 (541A>G) or UGT1A6 (552A>C) polymorphic enzymes. The elimination half-life (t ½ = 40.2 h) of valproic acid was longer and the clearance rate (CL = 917 ml/h) was lower in the poor metabolizers group of UGT1A6 (552A>C) polymorphism who showed toxicity than in the intermediate metabolizers group (t ½ = 35.5 h, CL = 1,022 ml/h) or the extensive metabolizers group (t ½ = 25.4 h, CL = 1,404 ml/h). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the UGT1A6 (552A>C) genetic polymorphism plays a significant role in the steady state concentration of valproic acid, and it thereby has an impact on the toxicity of the valproic acid used in the patients with epilepsy.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Anticonvulsants/adverse effects ; Anticonvulsants/blood ; Anticonvulsants/pharmacokinetics ; Child ; Epilepsy/drug therapy ; Epilepsy/genetics ; Epilepsy/metabolism ; Epilepsy/pathology ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Glucuronosyltransferase/genetics ; Humans ; India ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Valproic Acid/antagonists & inhibitors ; Valproic Acid/blood ; Valproic Acid/pharmacokinetics ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Anticonvulsants ; Valproic Acid (614OI1Z5WI) ; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT1A6 (EC 2.4.1.-) ; Glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-06-08
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2232796-4
ISSN	1179-2000 ; 1177-1062
ISSN (online)	1179-2000
ISSN	1177-1062
DOI	10.1007/s40291-013-0041-8
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