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  1. Article ; Online: Immune imprinting as a barrier to effective COVID-19 vaccines.

    Faraone, Julia N / Liu, Shan-Lu

    Cell reports. Medicine

    2023  Volume 4, Issue 11, Page(s) 101291

    Abstract: Wang and colleagues show that immune imprinting impairs neutralizing antibody titers for bivalent mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. Imprinting from three doses of monovalent vaccine can be alleviated by BA.5 or BQ-lineage ... ...

    Abstract Wang and colleagues show that immune imprinting impairs neutralizing antibody titers for bivalent mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. Imprinting from three doses of monovalent vaccine can be alleviated by BA.5 or BQ-lineage breakthrough infection but not by a bivalent booster.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Breakthrough Infections ; RNA, Messenger
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; RNA, Messenger
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ISSN 2666-3791
    ISSN (online) 2666-3791
    DOI 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101291
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  2. Article ; Online: Challenges and Prospects in Developing Future SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Overcoming Original Antigenic Sin and Inducing Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies.

    Evans, John P / Liu, Shan-Lu

    Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

    2023  Volume 211, Issue 10, Page(s) 1459–1467

    Abstract: The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic led to the development of several effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. However, waning vaccine efficacy as well as the antigenic drift of SARS-CoV-2 variants has diminished vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection and ... ...

    Abstract The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic led to the development of several effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. However, waning vaccine efficacy as well as the antigenic drift of SARS-CoV-2 variants has diminished vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection and may threaten public health. Increasing interest has been given to the development of a next generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with increased breadth and effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this Brief Review, we discuss recent work on the development of these next-generation vaccines and on the nature of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. We examine recent work to develop pan-coronavirus vaccines as well as to develop mucosal vaccines. We further discuss challenges associated with the development of novel vaccines including the need to overcome "original antigenic sin" and highlight areas requiring further investigation. We place this work in the context of SARS-CoV-2 evolution to inform how the implementation of future vaccine platforms may impact human health.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antibodies, Neutralizing
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antibodies, Neutralizing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3056-9
    ISSN 1550-6606 ; 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
    ISSN (online) 1550-6606
    ISSN 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
    DOI 10.4049/jimmunol.2300315
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  3. Article ; Online: New virus in China requires international control effort.

    Liu, Shan-Lu

    Nature

    2020  Volume 577, Issue 7791, Page(s) 472

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Betacoronavirus/classification ; Betacoronavirus/genetics ; Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Disease Reservoirs/statistics & numerical data ; Disease Reservoirs/virology ; Health Education ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; International Cooperation ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS Virus/classification ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Zoonoses/epidemiology ; Zoonoses/prevention & control ; Zoonoses/transmission ; Zoonoses/virology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/d41586-020-00135-z
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    Zs.A 26: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MO 244: Show issues

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  6. Article: [Highly polar chemical constituents from whole herb of Scindapsus officinalis].

    Zhao, Lei / Geng, Wei / Liu, Shan-Lu / Liu, Hao / Zhang, Yu-Kai / Yue, Tao

    Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

    2024  Volume 49, Issue 6, Page(s) 1558–1563

    Abstract: Macroporous resin column chromatography, MCI medium pressure column chromatography, and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography were employed to isolate the chemical components from the aqueous extract of the whole herb of Scindapsus ... ...

    Abstract Macroporous resin column chromatography, MCI medium pressure column chromatography, and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography were employed to isolate the chemical components from the aqueous extract of the whole herb of Scindapsus officinalis. The structures of the compounds were identified based on the physical and chemical properties and the spectroscopic data. Ten compounds were isolated from the aqueous extract and identified as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl-8-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(1), alternamide B(2), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3), 1-(4-hydroxy)-phenylethyl-β-D-galactopyranoside(4), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl-8-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(5), hydroxytyrosol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6), 3,5-dihydroxyphenylethyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7), salidroside(8), dihydroisoquinolone(9), and 4-methoxybenzenepropanol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10). Among them, compound 1 was a new one, and compounds 2-10 were obtained from S. officinalis for the first time. The RAW264.7 cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide for the mode-ling of inflammation, and the cells were then used to examine anti-inflammatory activities of the compounds. The results showed that compounds 6 and 7 had strong anti-inflammatory activities, while compounds 1, 2, and 5 had moderate anti-inflammatory activities.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents
    Language Chinese
    Publishing date 2024-03-11
    Publishing country China
    Document type English Abstract ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1004649-5
    ISSN 1001-5302 ; 0254-0029
    ISSN 1001-5302 ; 0254-0029
    DOI 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20231213.201
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    Zs.A 3056: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Role of host factors in SARS-CoV-2 entry.

    Evans, John P / Liu, Shan-Lu

    The Journal of biological chemistry

    2021  Volume 297, Issue 1, Page(s) 100847

    Abstract: The zoonotic transmission of highly pathogenic coronaviruses into the human population is a pressing concern highlighted by the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Recent work has helped to illuminate much about the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cell, ...

    Abstract The zoonotic transmission of highly pathogenic coronaviruses into the human population is a pressing concern highlighted by the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Recent work has helped to illuminate much about the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cell, which determines host- and tissue-specific tropism, pathogenicity, and zoonotic transmission. Here we discuss current findings on the factors governing SARS-CoV-2 entry. We first reviewed key features of the viral spike protein (S) mediating fusion of the viral envelope and host cell membrane through binding to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. We then examined the roles of host proteases including transmembrane protease serine 2 and cathepsins in processing S for virus entry and the impact of this processing on endosomal and plasma membrane virus entry routes. We further discussed recent work on several host cofactors that enhance SARS-CoV-2 entry including Neuropilin-1, CD147, phosphatidylserine receptors, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, sialic acids, and C-type lectins. Finally, we discussed two key host restriction factors, i.e., interferon-induced transmembrane proteins and lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus E, which can disrupt SARS-CoV-2 entry. The features of SARS-CoV-2 are presented in the context of other human coronaviruses, highlighting unique aspects. In addition, we identify the gaps in understanding of SARS-CoV-2 entry that will need to be addressed by future studies.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Basigin/genetics ; Basigin/metabolism ; COVID-19/genetics ; COVID-19/metabolism ; COVID-19/virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Lectins, C-Type/genetics ; Lectins, C-Type/metabolism ; Neuropilin-1/genetics ; Neuropilin-1/metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/genetics ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Virus Internalization
    Chemical Substances Lectins, C-Type ; Receptors, Virus ; Basigin (136894-56-9) ; Neuropilin-1 (144713-63-3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2997-x
    ISSN 1083-351X ; 0021-9258
    ISSN (online) 1083-351X
    ISSN 0021-9258
    DOI 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100847
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    Uc I Zs.108: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Emerging Viruses without Borders: The Wuhan Coronavirus.

    Liu, Shan-Lu / Saif, Linda

    Viruses

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 2

    Abstract: The recently emerged coronavirus in Wuhan, China has claimed at least two lives as of January 17 and infected hundreds if not thousands of individuals. The situation has drawn international attention, including from the virology community. We applaud the ...

    Abstract The recently emerged coronavirus in Wuhan, China has claimed at least two lives as of January 17 and infected hundreds if not thousands of individuals. The situation has drawn international attention, including from the virology community. We applaud the rapid release to the public of the genome sequence of the new virus by Chinese virologists, but we also believe that increased transparency on disease reporting and data sharing with international colleagues are crucial for curbing the spread of this newly emerging virus to other parts of the world.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus/genetics ; COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; International Cooperation ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v12020130
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  9. Article ; Online: Deciphering and targeting host factors to counteract SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus infections: insights from CRISPR approaches.

    Cui, Zhifen / Wang, Hongyan / Dong, Yizhou / Liu, Shan-Lu / Wang, Qianben

    Frontiers in genome editing

    2023  Volume 5, Page(s) 1231656

    Abstract: Severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other coronaviruses depend on host factors for the process of viral infection and replication. A better understanding of the dynamic interplay between viral pathogens and host cells, as well as ... ...

    Abstract Severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other coronaviruses depend on host factors for the process of viral infection and replication. A better understanding of the dynamic interplay between viral pathogens and host cells, as well as identifying of virus-host dependencies, offers valuable insights into disease mechanisms and informs the development of effective therapeutic strategies against viral infections. This review delves into the key host factors that facilitate or hinder SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication, as identified by CRISPR/Cas9-based screening platforms. Furthermore, we explore CRISPR/Cas13-based gene therapy strategies aimed at targeting these host factors to inhibit viral infection, with the ultimate goal of eradicating SARS-CoV-2 and preventing and treating related coronaviruses for future outbreaks.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2673-3439
    ISSN (online) 2673-3439
    DOI 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1231656
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  10. Article ; Online: Neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 bivalent mRNA vaccine in SIV-infected rhesus macaques: Enhanced immunity to XBB subvariants by two-dose vaccination.

    Faraone, Julia N / Wang, Xiaolwei / Qu, Panke / Zheng, Yi-Min / Vincent, Eunice / Xu, Huanbin / Liu, Shan-Lu

    Journal of medical virology

    2024  Volume 96, Issue 3, Page(s) e29520

    Abstract: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 paired with immune imprinting by prototype messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine has challenged the current vaccination efficacy against newly emerged Omicron subvariants. In our study, we investigated a cohort of macaques infected by ... ...

    Abstract The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 paired with immune imprinting by prototype messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine has challenged the current vaccination efficacy against newly emerged Omicron subvariants. In our study, we investigated a cohort of macaques infected by SIV and vaccinated with two doses of bivalent Pfizer mRNA vaccine containing wildtype and BA.5 spikes. Using a pseudotyped lentivirus neutralization assay, we determined neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers against new XBB variants, i.e., XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, and XBB.2.3, alongside D614G and BA.4/5. We found that compared to humans vaccinated with three doses of monovalent mRNA vaccine plus a bivalent booster, the monkeys vaccinated with two doses of bivalent mRNA vaccines exhibited relatively increased titers against XBB subvariants. Of note, SIV-positive dam macaques had reduced nAb titers relative to SIV-negative dams. Additionally, SIV positive dams that received antiretroviral therapy had lower nAb titers than untreated dams. Our study underscores the importance of reformulating the COVID-19 vaccine to better protect against newly emerged XBB subvariants as well as the need for further investigation of vaccine efficacy in individuals living with HIV-1.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Macaca mulatta ; Vaccines, Combined ; mRNA Vaccines ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Vaccination ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; RNA, Messenger ; Antibodies, Viral
    Chemical Substances Vaccines, Combined ; mRNA Vaccines ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; RNA, Messenger ; Antibodies, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752392-0
    ISSN 1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
    ISSN (online) 1096-9071
    ISSN 0146-6615
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.29520
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