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Article ; Online: Control of naive and effector CD4 T cell receptor repertoires by rheumatoid-arthritis-risk HLA alleles.

Nagafuchi, Yasuo / Ota, Mineto / Hatano, Hiroaki / Inoue, Mariko / Kobayashi, Satomi / Okubo, Mai / Sugimori, Yusuke / Nakano, Masahiro / Yamada, Saeko / Yoshida, Ryochi / Tsuchida, Yumi / Iwasaki, Yukiko / Shoda, Hirofumi / Okada, Yukinori / Yamamoto, Kazuhiko / Ishigaki, Kazuyoshi / Okamura, Tomohisa / Fujio, Keishi

Journal of autoimmunity

2022 Volume 133, Page(s) 102907

Abstract: ... RA) and immune-mediated diseases. This study aims to elucidate the impact of HLA alleles to T cell ... subsets.: Methods: We performed genome-wide and HLA allele association analysis for T cell receptor ... TCR) beta chain repertoire in 13 purified T cell subsets from the ImmuNexUT database, consisting ...

Abstract	Objective: Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles regulate susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and immune-mediated diseases. This study aims to elucidate the impact of HLA alleles to T cell subsets. Methods: We performed genome-wide and HLA allele association analysis for T cell receptor (TCR) beta chain repertoire in 13 purified T cell subsets from the ImmuNexUT database, consisting of 407 donors with ten immune-mediated diseases and healthy controls. Results: HLA class II alleles were associated with TRBV gene usage and the public clones of CD4 T cells, while HLA class I alleles were associated with CD8 T cells. RA-risk and immune-mediated diseases-risk HLA alleles were associated with TRBV gene usage of naive and effector CD4 T cell subsets and public clones accumulating in Th17. Clonal diversity was independent of HLA alleles and was correlated with transcriptome changes that reflect TCR signaling. Conclusion: This study revealed in vivo evidence that both HLA alleles and environmental factors shape naive and effector TCR repertoires in RA and immune-mediated diseases patients.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639452-8
ISSN	1095-9157 ; 0896-8411
ISSN (online)	1095-9157
ISSN	0896-8411
DOI	10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102907
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Article ; Online: Dysregulation of the gene signature of effector regulatory T cells in the early phase of systemic sclerosis.

Kobayashi, Satomi / Nagafuchi, Yasuo / Okubo, Mai / Sugimori, Yusuke / Hatano, Hiroaki / Yamada, Saeko / Nakano, Masahiro / Yoshida, Ryochi / Takeshima, Yusuke / Ota, Mineto / Tsuchida, Yumi / Iwasaki, Yukiko / Setoguchi, Keigo / Kubo, Kanae / Okamura, Tomohisa / Yamamoto, Kazuhiko / Shoda, Hirofumi / Fujio, Keishi

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)

2022 Volume 61, Issue 10, Page(s) 4163–4174

Abstract: ... II effector regulatory T cell (Fr. II eTreg) genes showed a remarkable differential gene expression ...

Abstract	Objectives: We evaluated flow-cytometric and transcriptome features of peripheral blood immune cells from early-phase (disease duration <5 years) SSc in comparison with late-phase SSc. Methods: Fifty Japanese patients with SSc (12 early SSc cases and 38 late SSc cases) and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. A comparison of flow-cytometric subset proportions and RNA-sequencing of 24 peripheral blood immune cell subsets was performed. We evaluated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), characterized the co-expressed gene modules, and estimated the composition of subpopulations by deconvolution based on single-cell RNA-sequencing data. As a disease control, idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM) patients were also evaluated. Results: Analysing the data from early and late SSc, fraction II effector regulatory T cell (Fr. II eTreg) genes showed a remarkable differential gene expression, enriched for genes related to oxidative phosphorylation. Although the flow-cytometric proportion of Fr. II eTregs was not changed in early SSc, deconvolution indicated expansion of the activated subpopulation. Co-expressed gene modules of Fr. II eTregs demonstrated enrichment of the DEGs of early SSc and correlation with the proportion of the activated subpopulation. These results suggested that DEGs in Fr. II eTregs from patients with early SSc were closely associated with the increased proportion of the activated subpopulation. Similar dysregulation of Fr. II eTregs was also observed in data from patients with early IIM. Conclusions: RNA-seq of immune cells indicated the dysregulation of Fr. II eTregs in early SSc with increased proportion of the activated subpopulation.
MeSH term(s)	Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; RNA ; Scleroderma, Systemic ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
Chemical Substances	RNA (63231-63-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1464822-2
ISSN	1462-0332 ; 1462-0324
ISSN (online)	1462-0332
ISSN	1462-0324
DOI	10.1093/rheumatology/keac031
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Article ; Online: Targeting the T-Lak cell originated protein kinase by OTS964 shrinks the size of power-law coded heterogeneous glioma stem cell populations.

Sugimori, Michiya / Hayakawa, Yumiko / Koh, Masaki / Hayashi, Tomohide / Tamura, Ryoi / Kuroda, Satoshi

Oncotarget

2018 Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) 3043–3059

Abstract: ... for T-LAK cell originated protein kinase (TOPK), is effective in reducing the size of the heterogeneous ...

Abstract	Glioblastoma resists chemoradiotherapy, then, recurs to be a fatal space-occupying lesion. The recurrence is caused by re-growing cell populations such as glioma stem cells (GSCs), suggesting that GSC populations should be targeted. This study addressed whether a novel anti-cancer drug, OTS964, an inhibitor for T-LAK cell originated protein kinase (TOPK), is effective in reducing the size of the heterogeneous GSC populations, a power-law coded heterogeneous GSC populations consisting of glioma sphere (GS) clones, by detailing quantitative growth properties. We found that OTS964 killed GS clones while suppressing the growth of surviving GS clones, thus identifying clone-eliminating and growth-disturbing efficacies of OTS964. The efficacies led to a significant size reduction in GS populations in a dose-dependent manner. The surviving GS clones reconstructed GS populations in the following generations; the recovery of GS populations fits a recurrence after the chemotherapy. The recovering GS clones resisted the clone-eliminating effect of OTS964 in sequential exposure during the growth recovery. However, surprisingly, the resistant properties of the recovered-GS clones had been plastically canceled during self-renewal, and then the GS clones had become re-sensitive to OTS964. Thus, OTS964 targets GSCs to eliminate them or suppress their growth, resulting in shrinkage of the power-law coded GSC populations. We propose a therapy focusing on long-term control in recurrence of glioblastoma via reducing the size of the GSC populations by OTS964.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2560162-3
ISSN	1949-2553 ; 1949-2553
ISSN (online)	1949-2553
ISSN	1949-2553
DOI	10.18632/oncotarget.23077
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Article ; Online: Impact of a novel biomarker, T-LAK cell-originating protein kinase (TOPK) expression on outcome in malignant glioma.

Hayashi, Tomohide / Hayakawa, Yumiko / Koh, Masaki / Tomita, Takahiro / Nagai, Shoichi / Kashiwazaki, Daina / Sugimori, Michiya / Origasa, Hideki / Kuroda, Satoshi

Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology

2017 Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) 144–153

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the biological features of T-lymphokine-activated killer cell ...

Abstract	This study aimed to evaluate the biological features of T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originating protein kinase (TOPK) in vitro and to assess clinical impact of TOPK on the outcome in patients with malignant glioma. TOPK protein level and TOPK mRNA and protein levels in six glioma cell lines were examined using Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine their subcellular localization of TOPK. Using surgical specimens from 57 patients with gliomas, TOPK and Ki-67 expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry. Their co-localization was also examined with double immunofluorescence immunohistochemistry. Impacts of TOPK/Ki-67 expression on the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in 32 patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) were examined, using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportion hazard models. Immunohistochemistry revealed that approximately 20-30% of glioma cells were positive for TOPK in vitro. TOPK mRNA was identified in all glioma cell lines on RT-PCR. The value of TOPK/GAPDH was 0.27 ± 0.11. TOPK and Ki-67 expressions were significantly higher in GBM patients than in non-GBM patients. A majority of TOPK-positive cells were also positive for Ki-67 and vice versa. Multivariate analysis revealed that a low TOPK expression (≤ 12.7%) was an independent predictor of longer OS (P = 0.0372), and that gross total removal and a low TOPK expression (≤ 12.7%) were independent predictors of longer PFS (P = 0.0470 and P = 0.0189, respectively). The findings strongly suggest biological and clinical importance of TOPK expression in gliomas, indicating a novel therapeutic potential of TOPK inhibitors to treat malignant gliomas.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Brain Neoplasms/enzymology ; Brain Neoplasms/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Glioblastoma/diagnosis ; Glioblastoma/metabolism ; Glioma/diagnosis ; Glioma/enzymology ; Glioma/genetics ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/genetics ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases (EC 2.7.12.2) ; PDZ-binding kinase (EC 2.7.12.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-21
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1483794-8
ISSN	1440-1789 ; 0919-6544
ISSN (online)	1440-1789
ISSN	0919-6544
DOI	10.1111/neup.12446
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Article ; Online: [Comparison of fat suppression techniques of bilateral breast dynamic sequence at 3.0 T: utility of three-point DIXON technique].

Mito, Suzuko / Ishizaka, Kinya / Nakanishi, Mitsuhiro / Sugimori, Hiroyuki / Hamaguchi, Hiroyuki / Tsuzuki, Tomoyasu

Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai zasshi

2011 Volume 67, Issue 6, Page(s) 654–660

Abstract: ... technique (DIXON), of the bilateral breast dynamic sequence acquired using the optimum FA at 3.0 T. Using ... as an effective fat suppression technique for the bilateral breast dynamic sequence at 3.0 T. ...

Abstract	The purposes of this study were to determine optimum flip angles (FAs) and to compare the effectiveness of fat suppression and signal homogeneity among three techniques, spectral attenuated with inversion recovery (SPAIR), principle of selective excitation technique (PROSET), and three-point DIXON technique (DIXON), of the bilateral breast dynamic sequence acquired using the optimum FA at 3.0 T. Using a homemade phantom that represented a tumor, fat, and a mammary gland, the optimum FAs were determined from the change of fat signal intensity, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the mammary gland, and contrast ratio (CR) between the tumor and mammary gland. The effectiveness of fat suppression and signal homogeneity were compared in ten breast cancer cases, using the CR between fat and pectoralis muscle signal intensities and the standard deviation (SD) of fat signal intensity, respectively. The optimum FAs for SPAIR, PROSET, and DIXON were 10, 20, and 20 degrees, respectively. The mean CR between fat and pectoralis muscle signal intensities achieved using SPAIR, PROSET, and DIXON were 0.19, 0.30 and 0.40, respectively, and the mean SDs of the fat signal intensities were 90.2, 103.1, and 30.5, respectively. The DIXON technique provided better fat suppression and signal homogeneity than the other two techniques. The results of this study suggest the possible application of the DIXON technique in combination with the optimum FA setting as an effective fat suppression technique for the bilateral breast dynamic sequence at 3.0 T.
MeSH term(s)	Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology ; Adult ; Aged ; Breast/anatomy & histology ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology ; Phantoms, Imaging
Language	Japanese
Publishing date	2011-06-25
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Comparative Study ; English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2269092-X
ISSN	1881-4883 ; 0369-4305
ISSN (online)	1881-4883
ISSN	0369-4305
DOI	10.6009/jjrt.67.654
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Article: Writing to your past-self can make you feel better.

Sugimori, Eriko / Yamaguchi, Mayu / Kusumi, Takashi

Frontiers in psychology

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1327595

Abstract: Self-compassionate writing has been shown to be helpful for improving the mental state in some individuals. Here, we investigated how the writer's attitude toward his/her past, present and future and the focus of the writing, i.e., social experience in ... ...

Abstract	Self-compassionate writing has been shown to be helpful for improving the mental state in some individuals. Here, we investigated how the writer's attitude toward his/her past, present and future and the focus of the writing, i.e., social experience in the past versus self-experience, modulate these effects. In Experiment 1, 150 undergraduates wrote a compassionate letter to their past-self and to their future-self and responded to the Japanese version of the Adolescent Time Inventory-Time Attitudes (ATI-TA) questionnaire. Writing to past-self decreased negative feelings more than writing to future-self. Further, participants who had negative feelings toward their past, present, and future, as assessed by the ATI-TA, were more likely to be emotionally affected by writing a letter to their past-self. In Experiment 2, 31 undergraduates wrote a letter focusing on what they had experienced together with someone, and another 31 undergraduates wrote focusing on what they had experienced alone. Focusing on a social experience was more helpful for recovering from negative feelings than focusing on a self-experience. In conclusion, writing a compassionate letter to one's past-self can improve mood, especially in individuals with a negative time attitude who focus their writing on a social connection.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1327595
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Article ; Online: Structure of a phosphodiesterase from Streptomyces sanglieri with a novel C-terminal domain.

Murayama, Kazutaka / Hosaka, Toshiaki / Shirouzu, Mikako / Sugimori, Daisuke

Biochemical and biophysical research communications

2024 Volume 708, Page(s) 149784

Abstract: A glycerophosphoethanolamine ethanolaminephosphodiesterase (GPE-EP) from Streptomyces sanglieri hydrolyzes glycerophosphoethanolamine to phosphoethanolamine and glycerol. The structure of GPE-EP was determined by the molecular replacement method using a ... ...

Abstract	A glycerophosphoethanolamine ethanolaminephosphodiesterase (GPE-EP) from Streptomyces sanglieri hydrolyzes glycerophosphoethanolamine to phosphoethanolamine and glycerol. The structure of GPE-EP was determined by the molecular replacement method using a search model generated with AlphaFold2. This structure includes the entire length of the mature protein and it is composed of an N-terminal domain and a novel C-terminal domain connected to a flexible linker. The N-terminal domain is the catalytic domain containing calcium ions at the catalytic site. Coordination bonds were observed between five amino acid residues and glycerol. Although the function of the C-terminal domain is currently unknown, inter-domain interactions between the N- and C-terminal domains may contribute to its relatively high thermostability.
MeSH term(s)	Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Glycerol ; Streptomyces/genetics ; Streptomyces/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases (EC 3.1.4.-) ; Glycerol (PDC6A3C0OX)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	205723-2
ISSN	1090-2104 ; 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
ISSN (online)	1090-2104 ; 0006-291X
ISSN	0006-291X
DOI	10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149784
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Zs.A 116: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Expansion of effector memory regulatory T cells represents a novel prognostic factor in lower risk myelodysplastic syndrome.

Mailloux, Adam W / Sugimori, Chiharu / Komrokji, Rami S / Yang, Lili / Maciejewski, Jaroslaw P / Sekeres, Mikkael A / Paquette, Ronald / Loughran, Thomas P / List, Alan F / Epling-Burnette, Pearlie K

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

2012 Volume 189, Issue 6, Page(s) 3198–3208

Abstract: ... transformation. Studies of FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) indicate that the number and/or activation state ... may be a more reliable indicator of immunological escape than FOXP3(+) T cells as a whole. Based ...

Abstract	Myelodysplastic syndromes are premalignant diseases characterized by cytopenias, myeloid dysplasia, immune dysregulation with association to autoimmunity, and variable risk for acute myeloid leukemia transformation. Studies of FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) indicate that the number and/or activation state may influence cancer progression in these patients. Focusing on patients with a lower risk for leukemia transformation, 18 (34.6%) of 52 patients studied displayed an altered Treg compartment compared with age-matched controls. Delineation of unique Treg subsets revealed that an increase in the absolute number of CD4(+)FOXP3(+)CD25(+)CD127(low)CD45RA(-)CD27(-) Tregs (effector memory Tregs [Treg(EM)]) was significantly associated with anemia (p = 0.046), reduced hemoglobin (p = 0.038), and blast counts ≥5% (p = 0.006). In healthy donors, this Treg(EM) population constitutes only 2% of all Tregs (one to six Tregs per microliter) in peripheral blood but, when isolated, exhibit greater suppressive activity in vitro. With a median follow-up of 3.1 y (range 2.7-4.9 y) from sample acquisition, increased numbers of Treg(EM) cells proved to have independent prognostic importance in survival estimates, suggesting that enumeration of this Treg subset may be a more reliable indicator of immunological escape than FOXP3(+) T cells as a whole. Based on multivariate analyses, Treg(EM) impacted survival independently from myeloblast characteristics, cytopenias, karyotype, and comorbidities. Based on these findings, Treg(EM) cell expansion may be synonymous with human Treg activation and indicate microenvironmental changes conducive to transformation in myelodysplastic syndromes.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Bone Marrow Cells/immunology ; Bone Marrow Cells/pathology ; Cell Differentiation/immunology ; Cohort Studies ; Granulocyte Precursor Cells/immunology ; Granulocyte Precursor Cells/pathology ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; Immunophenotyping ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/immunology ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/mortality ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology ; Prognosis ; Research Design/trends ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-08-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3056-9
ISSN	1550-6606 ; 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
ISSN (online)	1550-6606
ISSN	0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
DOI	10.4049/jimmunol.1200602
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Article ; Online: Blocking Effects of Human Tau on Squid Giant Synapse Transmission and Its Prevention by T-817 MA.

Moreno, Herman / Choi, Soonwook / Yu, Eunah / Brusco, Janaina / Avila, Jesus / Moreira, Jorge E / Sugimori, Mutsuyuki / Llinás, Rodolfo R

Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience

2011 Volume 3, Page(s) 3

Abstract: ... release followed by a marked reduction in noise. Finally, systemic administration of T-817MA, a proposed ...

Abstract	Filamentous tau inclusions are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative tauopathies, but the molecular mechanisms involved in tau-mediated changes in neuronal function and their possible effects on synaptic transmission are unknown. We have evaluated the effects of human tau protein injected directly into the presynaptic terminal axon of the squid giant synapse, which affords functional, structural, and biochemical analysis of its action on the synaptic release process. Indeed, we have found that at physiological concentration recombinant human tau (h-tau42) becomes phosphorylated, produces a rapid synaptic transmission block, and induces the formation of clusters of aggregated synaptic vesicles in the vicinity of the active zone. Presynaptic voltage clamp recordings demonstrate that h-tau42 does not modify the presynaptic calcium current amplitude or kinetics. Analysis of synaptic noise at the post-synaptic axon following presynaptic h-tau42 microinjection revealed an initial phase of increase spontaneous transmitter release followed by a marked reduction in noise. Finally, systemic administration of T-817MA, a proposed neuro-protective agent, rescued tau-induced synaptic abnormalities. Our results show novel mechanisms of h-tau42 mediated synaptic transmission failure and identify a potential therapeutic agent to treat tau-related neurotoxicity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-05-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2592086-8
ISSN	1663-3563 ; 1663-3563
ISSN (online)	1663-3563
ISSN	1663-3563
DOI	10.3389/fnsyn.2011.00003
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Article: Purkinje cell long-term depression is prevented by T-588, a neuroprotective compound that reduces cytosolic calcium release from intracellular stores.

Kimura, Tatsuo / Sugimori, Mutsuyuki / Llinás, Rodolfo R

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2005 Volume 102, Issue 47, Page(s) 17160–17165

Abstract: ... experimental paradigms could be prevented in rat cerebellar slices by T-588, a neuroprotective compound ... excitatory postsynaptic currents at the Purkinje cell somata. T-588 at 1 muM prevented the triggering of LTD reversibly and did not ... generate LTD on its own. Two-photon calcium-sensitive dye imaging demonstrated that T-588 reduces ...

Abstract	Long-term depression (LTD) of the parallel-fiber (PF) Purkinje synapse induced by four different experimental paradigms could be prevented in rat cerebellar slices by T-588, a neuroprotective compound. The paradigms consisted of pairing PF activation with climbing-fiber activation, direct depolarization, glutamic iontophoretic depolarization, or caffeine. In all cases, LTD was determined by patch-clamp recording of PF excitatory postsynaptic currents at the Purkinje cell somata. T-588 at 1 muM prevented the triggering of LTD reversibly and did not generate LTD on its own. Two-photon calcium-sensitive dye imaging demonstrated that T-588 reduces intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) increase by blocking calcium release from intracellular stores. Because [Ca(2+)](i) increase has been widely shown to trigger LTD and glutamate excitotoxicity, we propose that LTD may act as a neuroprotective mechanism. As such, LTD would serve to decrease glutamatergic-receptor sensitivity to limit deleterious [Ca(2+)](i) increase rather than to act as a mechanism for cerebellar learning.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Caffeine/pharmacology ; Calcium/antagonists & inhibitors ; Calcium/metabolism ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology ; Cytosol/drug effects ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Diethylamines/pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neural Inhibition/drug effects ; Neural Inhibition/physiology ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology ; Purkinje Cells/drug effects ; Purkinje Cells/metabolism ; Thiophenes/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Central Nervous System Stimulants ; Diethylamines ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Thiophenes ; T 588 (142935-03-3) ; Caffeine (3G6A5W338E) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-11-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.0508190102
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