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  1. Article ; Online: Cellular Origin of Sporadic CCMs.

    Betsholtz, Christer / Gaengel, Konstantin / Mäkinen, Taija

    The New England journal of medicine

    2022  Volume 386, Issue 13, Page(s) 1291

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Micrognathism ; Ribs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 207154-x
    ISSN 1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
    ISSN (online) 1533-4406
    ISSN 0028-4793
    DOI 10.1056/NEJMc2117812
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Mosaic deletion of claudin-5 reveals rapid non-cell-autonomous consequences of blood-brain barrier leakage.

    Vázquez-Liébanas, Elisa / Mocci, Giuseppe / Li, Weihan / Laviña, Bàrbara / Reddy, Avril / O'Connor, Claire / Hudson, Natalie / Elbeck, Zaher / Nikoloudis, Ioannis / Gaengel, Konstantin / Vanlandewijck, Michael / Campbell, Matthew / Betsholtz, Christer / Mäe, Maarja Andaloussi

    Cell reports

    2024  Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 113911

    Abstract: Claudin-5 (CLDN5) is an endothelial tight junction protein essential for blood-brain barrier (BBB) formation. Abnormal CLDN5 expression is common in brain disease, and knockdown of Cldn5 at the BBB has been proposed to facilitate drug delivery to the ... ...

    Abstract Claudin-5 (CLDN5) is an endothelial tight junction protein essential for blood-brain barrier (BBB) formation. Abnormal CLDN5 expression is common in brain disease, and knockdown of Cldn5 at the BBB has been proposed to facilitate drug delivery to the brain. To study the consequences of CLDN5 loss in the mature brain, we induced mosaic endothelial-specific Cldn5 gene ablation in adult mice (Cldn5
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Biological Transport ; Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Claudin-5/genetics ; Claudin-5/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Claudin-5 ; Cldn5 protein, mouse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2649101-1
    ISSN 2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
    ISSN (online) 2211-1247
    ISSN 2211-1247
    DOI 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113911
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: New imaging methods and tools to study vascular biology.

    Laviña, Bàrbara / Gaengel, Konstantin

    Current opinion in hematology

    2015  Volume 22, Issue 3, Page(s) 258–266

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Throughout history, development of novel microscopy techniques has been of fundamental importance to advance the vascular biology field.This review offers a concise summary of the most recently developed imaging techniques and ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Throughout history, development of novel microscopy techniques has been of fundamental importance to advance the vascular biology field.This review offers a concise summary of the most recently developed imaging techniques and discusses how they can be applied to vascular biology. In addition, we reflect upon the most important fluorescent reporters for vascular research that are currently available.
    Recent findings: Recent advances in light sheet-based imaging techniques now offer the ability to live image the vascular system in whole organs or even in whole animals during development and in pathological conditions with a satisfactory spatial and temporal resolution. Conversely, super resolution microscopy now allows studying cellular processes at a near-molecular resolution.
    Summary: Major recent improvements in a number of imaging techniques now allow study of vascular biology in ways that could not be considered previously. Researchers now have well-developed tools to specifically examine the dynamic nature of vascular development during angiogenic sprouting, remodeling and regression as well as the vascular responses in disease situations in vivo. In addition, open questions in endothelial and lymphatic cell biology that require subcellular resolution such as actin dynamics, junctional complex formation and stability, vascular permeability and receptor trafficking can now be approached with high resolution.
    MeSH term(s) Blood Vessels/metabolism ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1153887-9
    ISSN 1531-7048 ; 1065-6251
    ISSN (online) 1531-7048
    ISSN 1065-6251
    DOI 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000141
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: VEGF Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Key Regulators of Vascular Function.

    Álvarez-Aznar, Alberto / Muhl, Lars / Gaengel, Konstantin

    Current topics in developmental biology

    2017  Volume 123, Page(s) 433–482

    Abstract: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinases are key regulators of vascular development in vertebrates. Their activation is regulated through a family of secreted glycoproteins, the vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). ... ...

    Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinases are key regulators of vascular development in vertebrates. Their activation is regulated through a family of secreted glycoproteins, the vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). Expression, proteolytic processing, and diffusion range of VEGF proteins need to be tightly regulated, due to their crucial roles in development. While some VEGFs form concentration gradients across developing tissues and act as morphogenes, others function as inhibitors of receptor activation and downstream signaling. Ligand-induced receptor dimerization leads to activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, which results in autophosphorylation of the receptors and in turn triggers the recruitment of interacting proteins as well as the initiation of downstream signaling. Although many biochemical details of VEGFR signaling have been revealed, the in vivo relevance of certain signaling aspects still remains to be demonstrated. Here, we highlight basic principles of VEGFR signaling and discuss its crucial role during development of the vascular system in mammals.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Blood Vessels/physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Ligands ; Neuropilins/metabolism ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/chemistry ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Ligands ; Neuropilins ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1557-8933 ; 0070-2153
    ISSN (online) 1557-8933
    ISSN 0070-2153
    DOI 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.10.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Integrins are required for synchronous ommatidial rotation in the Drosophila eye linking planar cell polarity signalling to the extracellular matrix.

    Thuveson, Maria / Gaengel, Konstantin / Collu, Giovanna M / Chin, Mei-Ling / Singh, Jaskirat / Mlodzik, Marek

    Open biology

    2019  Volume 9, Issue 8, Page(s) 190148

    Abstract: Integrins mediate the anchorage between cells and their environment, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and form transmembrane links between the ECM and the cytoskeleton, a conserved feature throughout development and morphogenesis of epithelial organs. ... ...

    Abstract Integrins mediate the anchorage between cells and their environment, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and form transmembrane links between the ECM and the cytoskeleton, a conserved feature throughout development and morphogenesis of epithelial organs. Here, we demonstrate that integrins and components of the ECM are required during the planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling-regulated cell movement of ommatidial rotation in the Drosophila eye. The loss-of-function mutations of integrins or ECM components cause defects in rotation, with mutant clusters rotating asynchronously compared to wild-type clusters. Initially, mutant clusters tend to rotate faster, and at later stages they fail to be synchronous with their neighbours, leading to aberrant rotation angles and resulting in a disorganized ommatidial arrangement in adult eyes. We further demonstrate that integrin localization changes dynamically during the rotation process. Our data suggest that core Frizzled/PCP factors, acting through RhoA and Rho kinase, regulate the function/activity of integrins and that integrins thus contribute to the complex interaction network of PCP signalling, cell adhesion and cytoskeletal elements required for a precise and synchronous 90° rotation movement.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Body Patterning ; Cell Polarity ; Drosophila/embryology ; Drosophila/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Eye/cytology ; Eye/embryology ; Eye/metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Immunohistochemistry ; Integrins/genetics ; Integrins/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Protein Transport ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Drosophila Proteins ; Integrins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2630944-0
    ISSN 2046-2441 ; 2046-2441
    ISSN (online) 2046-2441
    ISSN 2046-2441
    DOI 10.1098/rsob.190148
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Mural Cell SRF Controls Pericyte Migration, Vessel Patterning and Blood Flow.

    Orlich, Michael M / Diéguez-Hurtado, Rodrigo / Muehlfriedel, Regine / Sothilingam, Vithiyanjali / Wolburg, Hartwig / Oender, Cansu Ebru / Woelffing, Pascal / Betsholtz, Christer / Gaengel, Konstantin / Seeliger, Mathias / Adams, Ralf H / Nordheim, Alfred

    Circulation research

    2022  Volume 131, Issue 4, Page(s) 308–327

    Abstract: Background: Pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, collectively known as mural cells, are recruited through PDGFB (platelet-derived growth factor B)-PDGFRB (platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta) signaling. MCs are essential for vascular ... ...

    Abstract Background: Pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, collectively known as mural cells, are recruited through PDGFB (platelet-derived growth factor B)-PDGFRB (platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta) signaling. MCs are essential for vascular integrity, and their loss has been associated with numerous diseases. Most of this knowledge is based on studies in which MCs are insufficiently recruited or fully absent upon inducible ablation. In contrast, little is known about the physiological consequences that result from impairment of specific MC functions. Here, we characterize the role of the transcription factor SRF (serum response factor) in MCs and study its function in developmental and pathological contexts.
    Methods: We generated a mouse model of MC-specific inducible
    Results: By postnatal day 6, pericytes lacking SRF were morphologically abnormal and failed to properly comigrate with angiogenic sprouts. As a consequence, pericyte-deficient vessels at the retinal sprouting front became dilated and leaky. By postnatal day 12, also the vascular smooth muscle cells had lost SRF, which coincided with the formation of pathological arteriovenous shunts. Mechanistically, we show that PDGFB-dependent SRF activation is mediated via MRTF (myocardin-related transcription factor) cofactors. We further show that MRTF-SRF signaling promotes pathological pericyte activation during ischemic retinopathy. RNA-sequencing, immunohistology, in vivo live imaging, and in vitro experiments demonstrated that SRF regulates expression of contractile SMC proteins essential to maintain the vascular tone.
    Conclusions: SRF is crucial for distinct functions in pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. SRF directs pericyte migration downstream of PDGFRB signaling and mediates pathological pericyte activation during ischemic retinopathy. In vascular smooth muscle cells, SRF is essential for expression of the contractile machinery, and its deletion triggers formation of arteriovenous shunts. These essential roles in physiological and pathological contexts provide a rationale for novel therapeutic approaches through targeting SRF activity in MCs.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Pericytes/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/metabolism ; RNA/metabolism ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/genetics ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Retinal Diseases/metabolism ; Serum Response Factor/genetics ; Serum Response Factor/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; Serum Response Factor ; Srf protein, mouse ; RNA (63231-63-0) ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80100-8
    ISSN 1524-4571 ; 0009-7330 ; 0931-6876
    ISSN (online) 1524-4571
    ISSN 0009-7330 ; 0931-6876
    DOI 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.122.321109
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Endocytosis regulates VEGF signalling during angiogenesis.

    Gaengel, Konstantin / Betsholtz, Christer

    Nature cell biology

    2011  Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 233–235

    Abstract: Endocytosis has proved to be a versatile mechanism regulating diverse cellular processes, ranging from nutrient uptake to intracellular signal transduction. New work reinforces the importance of endocytosis for VEGF receptor signalling and angiogenesis ... ...

    Abstract Endocytosis has proved to be a versatile mechanism regulating diverse cellular processes, ranging from nutrient uptake to intracellular signal transduction. New work reinforces the importance of endocytosis for VEGF receptor signalling and angiogenesis in the developing eye, and describes a mechanism for its differential regulation in angiogenic versus quiescent endothelial cells.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Endocytosis/physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology ; Ephrin-B2/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Dab2 protein, mouse ; Ephrin-B2 ; Pard3 protein, mouse ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EC 2.7.10.1) ; PKC-3 protein (EC 2.7.11.13) ; Protein Kinase C (EC 2.7.11.13)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-11-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1474722-4
    ISSN 1476-4679 ; 1465-7392
    ISSN (online) 1476-4679
    ISSN 1465-7392
    DOI 10.1038/ncb2705
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  8. Article ; Online: Incongruence between transcriptional and vascular pathophysiological cell states.

    Fernández-Chacón, Macarena / Mühleder, Severin / Regano, Alvaro / Garcia-Ortega, Lourdes / Rocha, Susana F / Torroja, Carlos / Sanchez-Muñoz, Maria S / Lytvyn, Mariya / Casquero-Garcia, Verónica / De Andrés-Laguillo, Macarena / Muhl, Lars / Orlich, Michael M / Gaengel, Konstantin / Camafeita, Emilio / Vázquez, Jesús / Benguría, Alberto / Iruela-Arispe, M Luisa / Dopazo, Ana / Sánchez-Cabo, Fátima /
    Carter, Hannah / Benedito, Rui

    Nature cardiovascular research

    2023  Volume 2, Page(s) 2023530–2023549

    Abstract: The Notch pathway is a major regulator of endothelial transcriptional specification. Targeting the Notch receptors or Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) dysregulates angiogenesis. Here, by analyzing single and compound genetic mutants for all Notch signaling ... ...

    Abstract The Notch pathway is a major regulator of endothelial transcriptional specification. Targeting the Notch receptors or Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) dysregulates angiogenesis. Here, by analyzing single and compound genetic mutants for all Notch signaling members, we find significant differences in the way ligands and receptors regulate liver vascular homeostasis. Loss of Notch receptors caused endothelial hypermitogenic cell-cycle arrest and senescence. Conversely, Dll4 loss triggered a strong Myc-driven transcriptional switch inducing endothelial proliferation and the tip-cell state. Myc loss suppressed the induction of angiogenesis in the absence of Dll4, without preventing the vascular enlargement and organ pathology. Similarly, inhibition of other pro-angiogenic pathways, including MAPK/ERK and mTOR, had no effect on the vascular expansion induced by Dll4 loss; however, anti-VEGFA treatment prevented it without fully suppressing the transcriptional and metabolic programs. This study shows incongruence between single-cell transcriptional states, vascular phenotypes and related pathophysiology. Our findings also suggest that the vascular structure abnormalization, rather than neoplasms, causes the reported anti-Dll4 antibody toxicity.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2731-0590
    ISSN (online) 2731-0590
    DOI 10.1038/s44161-023-00272-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Integrins are required for synchronous ommatidial rotation in the Drosophila eye linking planar cell polarity signalling to the extracellular matrix

    Maria Thuveson / Konstantin Gaengel / Giovanna M. Collu / Mei-ling Chin / Jaskirat Singh / Marek Mlodzik

    Open Biology, Vol 9, Iss

    2019  Volume 8

    Abstract: Integrins mediate the anchorage between cells and their environment, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and form transmembrane links between the ECM and the cytoskeleton, a conserved feature throughout development and morphogenesis of epithelial organs. ... ...

    Abstract Integrins mediate the anchorage between cells and their environment, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and form transmembrane links between the ECM and the cytoskeleton, a conserved feature throughout development and morphogenesis of epithelial organs. Here, we demonstrate that integrins and components of the ECM are required during the planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling-regulated cell movement of ommatidial rotation in the Drosophila eye. The loss-of-function mutations of integrins or ECM components cause defects in rotation, with mutant clusters rotating asynchronously compared to wild-type clusters. Initially, mutant clusters tend to rotate faster, and at later stages they fail to be synchronous with their neighbours, leading to aberrant rotation angles and resulting in a disorganized ommatidial arrangement in adult eyes. We further demonstrate that integrin localization changes dynamically during the rotation process. Our data suggest that core Frizzled/PCP factors, acting through RhoA and Rho kinase, regulate the function/activity of integrins and that integrins thus contribute to the complex interaction network of PCP signalling, cell adhesion and cytoskeletal elements required for a precise and synchronous 90° rotation movement.
    Keywords planar cell polarity ; drosophila eye ; ommatidial rotation ; integrins ; extracellular matrix ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher The Royal Society
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Visualization of vascular mural cells in developing brain using genetically labeled transgenic reporter mice.

    Jung, Bongnam / Arnold, Thomas D / Raschperger, Elisabeth / Gaengel, Konstantin / Betsholtz, Christer

    Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism

    2017  Volume 38, Issue 3, Page(s) 456–468

    Abstract: The establishment of a fully functional blood vascular system requires elaborate angiogenic and vascular maturation events in order to fulfill organ-specific anatomical and physiological needs. Although vascular mural cells, i.e. pericytes and vascular ... ...

    Abstract The establishment of a fully functional blood vascular system requires elaborate angiogenic and vascular maturation events in order to fulfill organ-specific anatomical and physiological needs. Although vascular mural cells, i.e. pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, are known to play fundamental roles during these processes, their characteristics during vascular development remain incompletely understood. In this report, we utilized transgenic reporter mice in which mural cells are genetically labeled to examine developing vascular mural cells in the central nervous system (CNS). We found platelet-derived growth factor receptor β gene ( Pdgfrb)-driven EGFP reporter expression as a suitable marker for vascular mural cells at the earliest stages of mouse brain vascularization. Furthermore, the combination of Pdgfrb and NG2 gene (Cspg4) driven reporter expression increased the specificity of brain vascular mural cell labeling at later stages. The expression of other known pericyte markers revealed time-, region- and marker-specific patterns, suggesting heterogeneity in mural cell maturation. We conclude that transgenic reporter mice provide an important tool to explore the development of CNS pericytes in health and disease.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antigens/genetics ; Blood Vessels/growth & development ; Blood Vessels/ultrastructure ; Brain/cytology ; Brain/growth & development ; Brain/ultrastructure ; Cerebral Cortex/growth & development ; Cerebral Cortex/ultrastructure ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Genes, Reporter/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/ultrastructure ; Pericytes/ultrastructure ; Proteoglycans/genetics ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/genetics
    Chemical Substances Antigens ; Proteoglycans ; chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604628-9
    ISSN 1559-7016 ; 0271-678X
    ISSN (online) 1559-7016
    ISSN 0271-678X
    DOI 10.1177/0271678X17697720
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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